cellular respiration
DESCRIPTION
CELLULAR RESPIRATION. WHO DOES CELLULAR RESPIRATION?. Animals Humans Plants/Algae Basically any organism with nuclei & mitochondria So what other organisms have mitochondria? Mitochondria: organelle in cell that functions in production of energy. WHAT IS CELLULAR RESPIRATION?. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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CELLULAR RESPIRATION
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WHO DOES CELLULAR RESPIRATION?AnimalsHumansPlants/Algae
Basically any organism with nuclei & mitochondria
So what other organisms have mitochondria?
Mitochondria: organelle in cell that functions in production of energy
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WHAT IS CELLULAR RESPIRATION?
6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36ATP
Exothermic reactionOccurs in the mitochondriaEnzymes are necessary for reaction
to occurWhere have you heard enzymes
before?
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WHY DO THEY DO IT?
To release energy stored in food
To convert the energy into a different form of energy that the organism’s cell(s) can use
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2 TYPES OF RESPIRATION
Aerobic: oxygen is present; large amounts of ATP are produced
Anaerobic: absence of oxygen; less amounts of ATP are produced
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AEROBIC RESPIRATION: 3 STEPS
Glycolysis: the breakdown of glucose (C6H12O6) into pyruvate (3 carbon compound); 2 ATPs formed
Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle): converts pyruvate into CO2; 2 ATPs formed
Electron Transport Chain: uses NADH & FADH2 (just carrier molecules) to form 32 ATPs & water
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CELLULAR RESPIRATION
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GLYCOLYSIS
Means “splitting of sugar”Breakdown of glucose into
pyruvateOccurs in cytoplasm of cellSince it happens in the
cytoplasm, what does this mean?Produces 2 ATP molecules
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KREB’S CYCLE
Converts pyruvate into CO2
Occurs in the mitochondriaProduces 2 ATP molecules +
NADH + FADH2 + CO2
Remember NADH and FADH2 are just carrier molecules.
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ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
Uses NADH & FADH2 to form ATP & H2O
Occurs in mitochondrial membrane
Produces 32 ATP molecules & water
END RESULT: 36 ATP molecules
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ANAEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION
2 types:
Alcohol FermentationLactic Acid Fermentation
Fermentation: the anaerobic (no oxygen) conversion of sugar to carbon dioxide
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ALCOHOL FERMENTATION
2 Step Process:
Glycolysis [produces 2 ATP molecules]
Pyruvate + NADH Ethanol (alcohol) + NAD+ + CO2 [produces NO energy]
Final energy total: 2 ATP molecules from 1 molecule of glucose
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ALCOHOL FERMENTATION CONT.
Exhibited by yeast in baking bread
Used to make wine or beer
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LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION
2 Step Process:
Glycolysis [produces 2 ATP molecules]
Pyruvate + NADH Lactic Acid + NAD+ [produces NO energy]
Final energy total: 2 ATP molecules from 1 molecule of glucose
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LACTIC FERMENTATION CONT.
Exhibited in the souring of milkOccurs in muscle cells when they
run out of oxygen
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LACTIC FERMENTATION IN MUSCLES
When muscles are exercised & there is not enough O2 in the cells, the cells must get energy another way- lactic
acid fermentation.
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The lactic acid, if not released, builds up in the muscles & causes fatigue & soreness.
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After time, the lactic acid is removed from the
muscles, taken to the liver & recycled back into
pyruvate.