cellular respiration
DESCRIPTION
Cellular Respiration. 1. Harvesting Chemical Energy. Plants and animals both use products of photosynthesis (glucose) for metabolic fuel Heterotrophs : must take in energy from outside sources, cannot make their own e.g. animals - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration
1. Harvesting Chemical Energya. Plants and animals both use products of
photosynthesis (glucose) for metabolic fuelb. Heterotrophs: must take in energy from
outside sources, cannot make their own e.g. animals
c. When we take in glucose (or other carbs), proteins, and fats-these foods don’t come to us the way our cells can use them
2. Cellular Respirationa. Cellular Respiration is the process
that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen.
b. These reactions proceed the same way in plants and animals.
c. 6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP Energy
d. Oxygen + Glucose Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
3. Cellular Respiration Overview
a. Breakdown of glucose begins in the cytoplasm: the liquid matrix inside the cell
b. At this point life diverges into two forms and two pathwaysi. Anaerobic cellular respiration (aka
fermentation)ii. Aerobic cellular respiration
GlucoseGlucose
Glycolysis Glycolysis Krebs Krebs cycle cycle
ElectronElectrontransporttransport
Fermentation Fermentation (without (without oxygen)oxygen)
Alcohol or Alcohol or lactic acidlactic acid
Chemical PathwaysSection 9-1Section 9-1
a. Series of reactions which break the 6-carbon glucose molecule down into two 3-carbon molecules called pyruvate
b. Process is an ancient one-all organisms from simple bacteria to humans perform it the same way
c. Yields 2 ATP molecules for every one glucose molecule broken down
d. Yields 2 NADH per glucose molecule
4. Glycolysis4. Glycolysis
GlucoseGlucose
To the To the electron electron transport transport
chainchain
GlycolysisSection 9-1Section 9-1
2 Pyruvic acid2 Pyruvic acid
5. Fermentationa. Releases energy from glucose without the
presence of oxygen.b. There are two types of fermentation:
alcoholic and lactic acid.i. Alcoholic fermentation is done by yeasts and
some microorganisms. It produces alcohol & Carbon Dioxide
ii. Lactic Acid is produced by muscles during rapid exercise when the body cannot supply enough oxygen.
6. Anaerobic Cellular Respirationa. Some organisms thrive in environments with
little or no oxygeni. Marshes, bogs, gut of animals, sewage treatment
ponds
b. No oxygen used= ‘an’aerobicc. Results in no more ATP, final steps in these
pathways serve ONLY to regenerate NAD+ so it can return to pick up more electrons and hydrogen in glycolysis.i. End products such as ethanol and CO2 (single cell fungi
(yeast) in beer/bread) or lactic acid (muscle cells)
Glucose Pyruvic acid Lactic acid
Lactic Acid FermentationLactic Acid FermentationSection 9-1
7. Aerobic Cellular Respiration
a. Oxygen required=aerobicb. 2 more sets of reactions which occur
in a specialized structure within the cell called the mitochondriai. Kreb’s Cycleii. Electron Transport Chain
GlucoseGlucoseGlycolysisGlycolysis
CytoplasmCytoplasm
Pyruvic Pyruvic acidacid
Electrons carried in NADHElectrons carried in NADH
Krebs Krebs CycleCycle
Electrons Electrons carried in carried in NADH and NADH and
FADHFADH22 Electron Electron Transport Transport
ChainChain
MitochondrionMitochondrion
Cellular Respiration: An Cellular Respiration: An OverviewOverview
MitochondrionMitochondrion
Section 9-1Section 9-1
8. The Krebs Cycle
a. During the Krebs Cycle, pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions.
b. Citric Acid is created in this cycle thus giving it the nickname Citric Acid cycle.
c. Net ATP Production is 2 ATP.
8. Kreb’s Cycle
c. Completes the breakdown of glucosei. Takes the pyruvate (3-carbons) and breaks it
down, the carbon and oxygen atoms end up in CO2 and H2O
ii. Hydrogen and electrons are stripped and loaded onto NAD+ and FAD to produce NADH and FADH2
d. Production of only 2 more ATP but loads up the coenzymes with H+ and electrons which move to the 3rd stage
9. Electron Transport Chain
a. The electron transport chain uses the high-energy electrons from the Krebs Cycle to convert ADP to ATP.
b. Total ATP 32.
9. Electron Transport Chainc. Electron carriers loaded with electrons
and protons from the Kreb’s cycle move to this chain-like a series of steps (staircase).
d. As electrons drop down stairs, energy released to form a total of 32 ATP
e. Oxygen waits at bottom of staircase, picks up electrons and protons and in doing so becomes water
Electron Transport ChainSection 9-2
Electron TransportHydrogen Ion Movement
ATP Production
ATP synthase
Channel
Inner Membrane
Matrix
Intermembrane Space
Mitochondrion
10. Energy Tallya. 36 ATP for aerobic vs. 2 ATP for
anaerobic
i. Glycolysis 2 ATP
ii. Kreb’s 2 ATP
iii. Electron Transport 32 ATPi. 36 ATP
b. Anaerobic organisms can’t be too energetic but are important for global recycling of carbon
Section 9-2
Glucose(C6H1206)
+Oxygen
(02)
Glycolysis
KrebsCycle or
Citric AcidCycle
ElectronTransport
Chain
Carbon Dioxide(CO2)
+Water(H2O)
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
11. Energy & Exercise
a. Quick energy – Lactic Acid fermentation is used to get quick energy and gives off lactic acid as a by product, thus the muscle pain.
b. Long-Term Energy – Use cellular respiration to produce energy. Exercising or activities that last for at least 15 to 20 minutes. Best form for weight control.
12. Comparing Photosynthesis & Respiration
Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration
Function Energy Storage Energy Release
Location Chloroplasts Mitochondria
Reactants CO2 and H2O C6H12O6 and O2
Products C6H12O6 and O2 CO2 and H2O
Equation 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
C6H12O6 + 6O2
6CO2 + 6H2O