Upload File

cellular reproduction. as the cell grows, its volume increases much more rapidly than the surface...

  • Home
  • Documents
  • Cellular Reproduction. As the cell grows, its volume increases much more rapidly than the surface area. The cell might have difficulty supplying
23
CHAPTER 9 Cellular Reproduction

Upload: bertina-west

Post on 21-Jan-2016

217 views

Category:

Documents


3 download

Report

Tags:

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Cellular Reproduction. As the cell grows, its volume increases much more rapidly than the surface area. The cell might have difficulty supplying

CHAPTER 9Cellular Reproduction

Page 2: Cellular Reproduction. As the cell grows, its volume increases much more rapidly than the surface area. The cell might have difficulty supplying

RATIO OF SURFACE AREA TO VOLUME

Page 3: Cellular Reproduction. As the cell grows, its volume increases much more rapidly than the surface area. The cell might have difficulty supplying

CELLULAR GROWTH As the cell grows, its volume

increases much more rapidly than the surface area.

The cell might have difficulty supplying nutrients and expelling enough waste products.

Page 4: Cellular Reproduction. As the cell grows, its volume increases much more rapidly than the surface area. The cell might have difficulty supplying

TRANSPORT OF SUBSTANCES Substances move by diffusion or by

motor proteins. Diffusion over large distances is slow

and inefficient. Small cells maintain more efficient

transport systems.

Page 5: Cellular Reproduction. As the cell grows, its volume increases much more rapidly than the surface area. The cell might have difficulty supplying

THE CELL CYCLE Cell division prevents the cell from

becoming too large. It also is the way the cell reproduces

so that you grow and heal certain injuries.

Cells reproduce by a cycle of growing and dividing called the cell cycle.

Page 6: Cellular Reproduction. As the cell grows, its volume increases much more rapidly than the surface area. The cell might have difficulty supplying

CELLULAR GROWTH Interphase is the stage during which

the cell grows, carries out cellular functions, and replicates.

Mitosis is the stage of the cell cycle during which the cell’s nucleus and nuclear material divide.

Cytokinesis is the method by which a cell’s cytoplasm divides, creating a new cell.

Page 7: Cellular Reproduction. As the cell grows, its volume increases much more rapidly than the surface area. The cell might have difficulty supplying

STAGES OF INTERPHASE The first stage of interphase, G1

The cell is growing, carrying out normal cell functions, and preparing to replicate DNA.

Page 8: Cellular Reproduction. As the cell grows, its volume increases much more rapidly than the surface area. The cell might have difficulty supplying

THE SECOND STAGE OF INTERPHASE, S The cell copies its DNA in preparation

for cell division.

Page 9: Cellular Reproduction. As the cell grows, its volume increases much more rapidly than the surface area. The cell might have difficulty supplying

THE THIRD STAGE OF INTERPHASE, G2

The cell prepares for the division of its nucleus.

Page 10: Cellular Reproduction. As the cell grows, its volume increases much more rapidly than the surface area. The cell might have difficulty supplying

THE STAGES OF MITOSIS Prophase

The cell’s chromatin tightens.Sister chromatids are attached at

the centromere.Spindle fibers form in the

cytoplasm.

Page 11: Cellular Reproduction. As the cell grows, its volume increases much more rapidly than the surface area. The cell might have difficulty supplying

MITOSIS AND CYTOKINESIS The nuclear envelope seems to

disappear. Spindle fibers attach to the sister

chromatids.

Page 12: Cellular Reproduction. As the cell grows, its volume increases much more rapidly than the surface area. The cell might have difficulty supplying

METAPHASE Sister chromatids are pulled along

the spindle apparatus toward the center of the cell.

They line up in the middle of the cell.

Page 13: Cellular Reproduction. As the cell grows, its volume increases much more rapidly than the surface area. The cell might have difficulty supplying

ANAPHASE The microtubules of the spindle

apparatus begin to shorten. The sister chromatids separate. The chromosomes move toward the

poles of the cell.

Page 14: Cellular Reproduction. As the cell grows, its volume increases much more rapidly than the surface area. The cell might have difficulty supplying

TELOPHASE The chromosomes arrive at the poles

and begin to relax. Two new nuclear membranes begin to

form and the nucleoli reappear. The spindle apparatus disassembles.

Page 15: Cellular Reproduction. As the cell grows, its volume increases much more rapidly than the surface area. The cell might have difficulty supplying

CYTOKINESIS In animal cells, microfilaments

constrict, or pinch, the cytoplasm. In plant cells, a new structure, called

a cell plate, forms.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JcZQkmooyPk

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JcZQkmooyPk
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JcZQkmooyPk
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JcZQkmooyPk
Page 16: Cellular Reproduction. As the cell grows, its volume increases much more rapidly than the surface area. The cell might have difficulty supplying

NORMAL CELL CYCLE Different cyclin/CDK combinations signal

other activities, including DNA replication, protein synthesis, and nuclear division throughout the cell cycle.

Page 17: Cellular Reproduction. As the cell grows, its volume increases much more rapidly than the surface area. The cell might have difficulty supplying

QUALITY CONTROL CHECKPOINTS The cell cycle has built-in checkpoints

that monitor the cycle and can stop it if something goes wrong.

Spindle checkpoints also have been identified in mitosis.

Page 18: Cellular Reproduction. As the cell grows, its volume increases much more rapidly than the surface area. The cell might have difficulty supplying

ABNORMAL CELL CYCLE: CANCER Cancer is the uncontrolled growth

and division of cells. Cancer cells can kill an organism by

crowding out normal cells, resulting in the loss of tissue function.

Page 19: Cellular Reproduction. As the cell grows, its volume increases much more rapidly than the surface area. The cell might have difficulty supplying

CAUSES OF CANCER The changes that occur in the

regulation of cell growth and division of cancer cells are due to mutations.

Various environmental factors can affect the occurrence of cancer cells.

Page 20: Cellular Reproduction. As the cell grows, its volume increases much more rapidly than the surface area. The cell might have difficulty supplying

APOPTOSIS Programmed cell death Cells going through apoptosis

actually shrink and shrivel in a controlled process.

Page 21: Cellular Reproduction. As the cell grows, its volume increases much more rapidly than the surface area. The cell might have difficulty supplying

STEM CELLS Unspecialized cells that can develop

into specialized cells when under the right conditions

Page 22: Cellular Reproduction. As the cell grows, its volume increases much more rapidly than the surface area. The cell might have difficulty supplying

EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS After fertilization, the resulting mass

of cells divides repeatedly until there are about 100–150 cells. These cells have not become specialized.

Page 23: Cellular Reproduction. As the cell grows, its volume increases much more rapidly than the surface area. The cell might have difficulty supplying

ADULT STEM CELLS Found in various tissues in the body

and might be used to maintain and repair the same kind of tissue

Less controversial because the adult stem cells can be obtained with the consent of their donor


Cell Life Cycle. Cells have two major periods Interphase Cell grows Cell carries on metabolic processes Cell replicates DNA Cell division Cell replicates

Cell Growth and Reproduction - Ringgold School …...Cell Division Key to growth, repair, and reproduction of organisms As a cell grows larger, its volume grows more rapidly than its

Mitosis Cell Division. The Cell Cycle The regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo. A pumpkin grows by size by increasing both the size

The Cell. Topic 2.5 Cell Division Mitosis Cellular division in eukaryotic cells. Chromatin is arranged into chromosomes. Chromosomes double. Cell grows

Cell Structure and Function - Cell wall –A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell • Flagella –Long, hair-like structure that grows

Faith that grows and grows

CELL GROWTH & DIVISION 10-1 & 10-2. 2 Reasons why cells divide 1. _____________________ As cell grows bigger demand on DNA “genetic library” becomes too

Cell Structure - scott.k12.ky.us Parts I.pdf•As a living cell grows larger, its metabolic ... –Organelles allow a “division of labor” that was ... Nucleus contains cell’s

Cell Growth and Division Mitosis and Meiosis. Cell Growth When an organism grows, the number of cells increase but the size of each cell remains small

Cells and their Organelles You will be able to understand how the cell is structured, designed, and grows

Cell Growth and Division Cell Growth When a living thing grows, what happens to its cells? Does an animal get larger because each cell increases in size

CELL DIVISION. Cell Life Cycle Two major periods: 1. Interphase: cell grows and undergoes usual activities 2. Cell division: cell reproduces asexually

Cell Growth & Division Chapter 10. Section 10-1: Cell Reproduction Why do cells reproduce in a growing organism? - because when an organism grows its

Cell Division – Mitosis. As the cell grows, its volume increases much more rapidly than the surface area. The cell might have difficulty supplying

Cell Division A cell grows in size by increasing both the size and the number of its cells. Then 2 grow and divide, forming and so on. Cell Cycle: The

Mitosis & Cell Division. Centrioles Nuclear envelope Chromatin Interphase -Cell Grows -Genetic Material Replicates -Errors are corrected INTERPHASE

CELL DIVISION / QUESTIONS Q1. - Weebly · 2018. 3. 29. · CELL DIVISION / QUESTIONS Q1. When an organism grows, new cells are produced by cell division. (a) What type of cell division

Mitosis in Onion Root Tip Cells. Interphase Onion root tip mitosis cell grows in size cell replicates DNA in preparation for mitosis individual chromosomes

Cell Division Honors Biology Unit 3. What is the cell cycle? During the cell cycle, a “parent” cell grows and divides to form 2 “daughter” cells. The

Chapter 12 Cell Continuity 1. Cell Continuity All cells develop from pre-existing cells 3 steps to form a new cell 1.Produce materials it will need 2.Grows

The Cell Cycle. Cells are limited in size because the outside (the cell membrane) must transport food and oxygen to the parts inside. As a cell grows,

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Cell Cycle Defines changes from formation of cell until it reproduces Includes: –Interphase Cell grows and carries out functions

THE PHASES OF MITOSIS Claire Stevens. Interphase– Growth and preparation DNA is in its chromatin state Cell grows bigger The cell is making protein necessary

Moving materials in and out Transport within the cell Communication to and from nucleus Surface area to volume ratio decreases as a cell grows

Chapter 10: Cell Growth and Division. Cell Growth When an organism grows, the number of cells increase…

Cell Growth & Reproduction MITOSIS. Cell Growth When a living thing grows it does so by producing more cells INSTEAD of making the cells it has larger

Cell Growth, Division, and Reproduction · 2017. 1. 10. · Cell Growth, Division, and Reproduction. ... Division of the Cell Before a cell grows too large, it divides into two new

Ch 12 - Cell Cycle and Mitosis · PDF file · 2017-12-13The Cell Cycle •Interphase –cell grows by producing proteins & organelles, replicates DNA, prepares for cell division

Chromosome Centromere Cell Cycle Terminologychssciencedavis.weebly.com/uploads/2/5/1/5/25154042/cell_cycle.pdfDuring the cell cycle a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides

Cell Growth Cell cycle and Mitosis Why are cells small? Surface area to volume ratio As a cell grows bigger, its internal volume enlarges and the cell

H The Cell Cycle Mitosis · Mitosis is a process of cell _____ in which a The Cell Cycle osis & _____ cell divides to form two _____ cells. division single identical grows develops

Meristems and plant structure. The plant body Apical Meristems: how the plant grows Some basic cell types not mentioned yet Cell walls and plasmodesmata

SupplierBusiness Supplying Toyota - SAE International · IHS Automotive SupplierBusiness Supplying Toyota 2013 edition supplierbusiness.com Supplying the OEMs

The Cell Cycle 10-2. Process by which a cell grows, prepares for division and divides Process by which a cell grows, prepares for division and divides

The Cell Cycle - Unbound...The Cell Cycle Growth, Duplication & Division Eukaryotic Cell Cycle •An orderly sequence of events in which a cell grows, duplicates its contentsand then