cellular architecture
DESCRIPTION
Cellular Architecture. Or the typical/nontypical cell. Figure 4-1 Page 68. I.Limits to cell size. Surface to volume ratio 1. function of membrane 2. relationship of surface area to volume 3. consequences of growing too large. 1 mm. 2 mm. 2 mm. 1 mm. Figure 4-2 Page 68. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Cellular Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56812c66550346895d90f88e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cellular Architecture
Or the typical/nontypical cell
![Page 2: Cellular Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56812c66550346895d90f88e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Figure 4-1Page 68
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I. Limits to cell size
A. Surface to volume ratio
1. function of membrane
2. relationship of surface area to volume
3. consequences of growing too large
![Page 4: Cellular Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56812c66550346895d90f88e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Figure 4-2Page
68
2 mm
2 mm
1 mm
1 mm
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I. Limits to cell size
B. Control issues1. Informational flow
2. Transcription
3. Diffusion
4. Translation
5. Cell gets too large, lag time in the control of activities
6. Analogy
![Page 6: Cellular Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56812c66550346895d90f88e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
II. Few Generalizations
• A. Procaryotic vs. eukaryotic
• B. Typical cell– 1. animal– 2. plant– 3. discuss the
similarities first
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III. Organelles of synthesis
• A. Introduction– 1. Going to act as an assembly line– 2. Nucleus– 3. Endoplasmic reticulm– 4. ribosome– 5. Golgi apparatus
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III. Organelles of synthesis
B. Nucleus-headquarters
1. chromatin
2. chromosomes
3. nucleolus
4. double membrane with pores
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Nuclear Pores From Surface of Nuclear Membrane
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Artist conception of nuclear pores
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III. Organelles of synthesis
• C. Endoplasmic Reticulum• 1. definition• 2. nickname• 3. types of
– Rough– Smooth
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Rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
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Endoplasmic reticulum continuous with pores
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III. Organelles of synthesis
• D. Ribosomes-protein synthesis• 1. found free in cytoplasm-endogenous use• 2. attached to E.R.-proteins for export• 3. responsible for translation of mRNA into protein
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Ribosomes translate mRNA
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III. Organelles of synthesis
• D. Golgi Body or Golgi Apparatus
• 1. nick name of bottling center• 2. modifies product• 3. concentrates product• 4. packages product into
vesicles• 5. exports via exocytosis
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III. Organelles of synthesis
• E. Cell membrane with exocytosis
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IV. Organelles of homeostasis
• A. Mitochondria• Nickname• Structure• Endosymbiosis• More active tissue• Both animal and plant
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B. Chloroplasts
• Nickname• Structure• Endosymbiosis
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Mitochondria and chloroplasts are tied tightly together
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Figure 4-7(2)
Page 72
Vacuole
Cell wall
Plasma membrane
Granum Stroma
Chloroplast Rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Nucleus
Nuclearenvelope
Nucleolus
Nuclearpores
Chromatin
Smooth ER
Rough ER
Ribosomes
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C. Lysosome
• Nickname• Structure• Functions
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D. Peroxisomes
• Similar in appearance to lysosomes• Contain enzymes important in lipid breakdown• Detoxification centers• Possess enzyme catalase important in the
breakdown of hydrogen peroxide
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E. Cytoskeleton
Composed of microtubules and microfilaments
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1. Microtubules
• “Skeleton” of the cell• Produce the structural
framework for cilia and flagella
![Page 26: Cellular Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56812c66550346895d90f88e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
1. microtubules
• Act as a railway along which organelles travel
• Microtubules may walk past one another
• Motor molecules may transport organelles from one area of the cytoplasm to another
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2. microfilaments
• “muscles” of the cell• Same proteins that are found in our muscles
![Page 28: Cellular Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56812c66550346895d90f88e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Microfilaments (cont)
• produce swaying of microvilli
• Movements of cytoplasmic streaming
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Relationship of the cytoskeleton to the cell membrane and extracellular fibers
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F. Cell wall of plant cells
• Primary cell wall• Secondary cell wall• Middle lamellae pectin• Importance of plasmodesmata
![Page 31: Cellular Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56812c66550346895d90f88e/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Plantcell walls
![Page 32: Cellular Architecture](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56812c66550346895d90f88e/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Plasmodesmata
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Plasmodesmata
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G. Centrioles
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H. Central vacuole
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I. Cilia and flagella
• Microtubules• 9 +2• Triplets in basal
body• Form from
centrioles?