cells study guide - hawk biology · web viewsummarize the structure and function of organelles 1....
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A
B
Golgi
D
E
Endoplasmic Reticulum
G
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Study Guide Page 1 of 121.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3, 1.2.2
1.1.1: Summarize the structure and function of organelles
1. What is the structure that makes up every living thing.
2. State the three concepts that make up the cell theory.
3. Complete the chart.
4. Label the parts of the cell below.
5. What characteristics does this cell have that indicates it is a plant cell?
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Name ContributionAnton van Leuwenhoek
Robert Hooke
Study Guide Page 2 of 121.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3, 1.2.2
6. What green colored organelles might a scientist see inside a plant cell that would not be inside of an animal cell? Explain why these organelles are missing from the animal cell.
7. What is the general shape of a plant cell?
8. What would happen to animals if they had a cell wall?
9. Why do plants need a cell wall?
10. Identify the structure to the right. What is its function?
11. Draw a picture of a chloroplast.
12. What is the name of the pigment in the chloroplast? Why are chloroplasts green?
13. Draw a picture of the mitochondria and show the internal structure.
14. Describe the cytoplasm.
15. Which organelles do all cells have in common?
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Study Guide Page 3 of 121.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3, 1.2.2
16. Complete the chart.
17. Complete the chart.PLANT CELL BOTH ANIMAL CELL
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ORGANELLE FUNCTIONNucleus
Ribosome
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
vacuole
mitochondria
chloroplast
cell wall
Study Guide Page 4 of 121.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3, 1.2.2
18.
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Match the organelle to its function!
7. Endoplasmic Reticulum
1. Chloroplast
4. Mitochondria
2. Nucleus
3. Ribosomes
6. Cell Membrane
_____Controls all activities of the cell; contains the DNA.
_____Produce proteins
_____Makes glucose from the sunlight...does photosynthesis
_____Creates a barrier between the inside of the cell and the outside of the cell
_____The highway of the cell– allows materials to travel throughout the cell.
_____The powerhouse of the cell– does cellular respiration, or getting the energy from the food.
_____Packages proteins and send them out. Known as the UPS of the cell.5. Golgi
Apparatus
Study Guide Page 5 of 121.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3, 1.2.2
1.1.2: Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in terms of their general structures and degree of complexity. Use microscopes to observe a variety of cells.
1. Label the diagrams below as prokaryotes and eukaryotes and explain why you labeled them as such.
2. What are the only types of organisms that are prokaryotic?
3. Complete the Venn diagram below for eukaryotes and prokaryotes.Prokaryotes Only Both Eukaryotes Only
4. What is our saying to help us remember the differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
5. Give three examples of membrane bound organelles.
6. Give an example of an organelle that does not have a membrane.
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Study Guide Page 6 of 121.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3, 1.2.27. Complete the chart.
8. Complete the chart.
9. Examine the diagram and complete the chart below.
Evaluation Topic Microscope Choice (Light or Electron)bacteria
virus
blood cells
cell from corn plant
cell from grasshopper testis
human skin cell
euglena (unicellular Protist)
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Largest
.
.
.
Smallest
Study Guide Page 7 of 121.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3, 1.2.2
10. How do you determine the magnification of a light microscope?
11. A student wants to view onion cells under the compound microscope. If the eyepiece is 10x and the objective lenses are 4x, 40x and 400x what are the possible total magnifications the student can use to view cells?
__________ x __________ = __________
__________ x __________ = __________
__________ x __________ = __________
1.1.3: Explain how instructions in DNA lead to cell differentiation and result in cells specialized to perform specific functions in multicellular organisms.
1. Use the diagram to the left to list the following terms in order from largest to smallest: tissue, organ system, organism, cell, organ
2. What does the term “organelle” mean?
3. If the term “organelle” were placed on the diagram to the left, where would it go?
4. Scientists know that a muscle cell that is constantly used contains many mitochondria; they also know that skin cells do not contain as many mitochondria. Why might this be?
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Study Guide Page 8 of 121.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3, 1.2.2
5. Number the following diagrams to put them in the correct order.
6. Complete the chart.Vocabulary Term Description
made up of only one cell
organism contains many cells
7. Complete the chart.
Cell Type Specific Functionnerve cell
muscle cell
blood cell
sperm cell
8. List 2 factors that lead to the differentiation of cells.
9. Define a stem cell.
10. Describe what could happen to a stem cell if it were placed into a lab dish with human heart cells.
11. How do cells communicate with each other?
12. Can unicellular organisms differentiate? Provide evidence and a reason to support your answer.
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Study Guide Page 9 of 121.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3, 1.2.2
1.2.2: Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis.
1. What three phases of the cell cycle are considered interphase? Where do cells spend the most amount of time?
2. Complete the chart.Phase # of Cells Present:
(1 or 2)Are Chromosomes
Replicated or Unreplicated?
# of Chromosomes Present:(N or 2N or 4N)
G1
S
G2
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase & Cytokinesis
3. Name the steps of mitosis in order.
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Study Guide Page 10 of 121.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3, 1.2.2
4. What happens during each phase of the cell cycle?Phase Events of phase Picture
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
5. Define the following terms (you may draw & label a picture!):a. sister chromatids-
b. centromere-
c. haploid-
d. diploid-
6. How is cytokinesis in plant cells different from cytokinesis in animal cells?
7. In what cell type(s) does mitosis take place?
8. Number the following diagrams in the order that they would occur in mitosis.
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Study Guide Page 11 of 121.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3, 1.2.2
9. List three methods of asexual reproduction in plants
10. Identify the picture as sexual or asexual reproduction. Tell why you identified it this way.
11. Name an organism and describe a method of asexual reproduction used by that organism.
12. What is another name for asexual cell reproduction?
13. What is the purpose of mitosis?
Rewind Your Mind
1. Look at the diagram to the right. Where in the human body would PEPSIN work best?
2. Look at the diagram to the right. Where in the human body would TRYPSIN work best?
3. Look at the diagram to the right. What range does both PEPSIN and TRYPSIN work?
4. Use the data table and your knowledge of the pH scale, answer the following questions:a. What substance is the strongest acid?
b. What substance is the strongest base?
c. Which substance has the most hydrogen ions?
d. What substance has a neutral pH?
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pH Substance7 Pure water2 Stomach acid
13 Bleach4 Tomato juice
10 soap
Study Guide Page 12 of 121.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3, 1.2.2
5. Complete the chart.Macromolecule Monomer Basic Shape Elements/Atoms
carbohydrate
glycerol & fatty acids
amino acids fold to form 3 dimensional shapes
CHONP
6. What is the monomer of an enzyme?
7. List at least 4 characteristics of an enzyme.
8. Draw an enzyme-substrate complex and label the enzyme, substrate, and active site.
9. Define “controlled experiment.”
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