cells: prokaryote vs eukaryote - wordpress.com cells are ... copyright cmassengale. 22 thick, tough...
TRANSCRIPT
Cells: Prokaryote vs
Eukaryote
Bell Ringer: Write questions
about this picture.
Bell Ringer: Write down what you
observe about these pictures.
Prokaryote cells are
smaller and simpler
Commonly known as bacteria
Single-celled(unicellular)
These are
prokaryote
E. coli bacteria
on the head of
a steel pin.
Prokaryote cells are simply built
(example: E. coli)
capsule: slimy outer
coating
cell wall: tougher middle
layer
cell membrane: delicate
inner skin
cytoplasm: inner liquid filling
DNA in one big loop
pilli: for sticking to things
flagella: for swimming
ribosomes: for building
proteins
Prokaryote cells are simply built
(example: E. coli)
Prokaryote Feeding
Photosynthetic: energy from sunlight
Disease-causing: feed on living things
Decomposers: feed on dead things
Eukaryotes are bigger and more
complicated
Have membrane- bound organelles
Have chromosomes
can be multicellular
include animal and plant cells
Organelles are
membrane-bound cell
parts
Mini “organs” that have
unique structures and
functions
Located in cytoplasm
Eukaryotes Prokaryotes
1.
2.
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5.
1.
2.
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4.
1.
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a.
b.
c. d.e.
f.
g.h.
Bacteria Cell
a. b.
c.d.
e.
f.
g.
h.i.
j.
k.
l.
Plant Cell
m. n.
o.
p.
q.
r.
s.
t.
u.
v. w.
Animal Cell
x.
THIS IS THE END OF PROKARYOTE
VS. EUKARYOTE NOTES
Bell Ringer
• Explain differences between a
Prokaryote and an Eukaryote.
19
Organelle Functions
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20
Organelles
Very small (Microscopic)
Perform various functions for a
cell
Found in the cytoplasm
Most are membrane-bound
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21
Cell (Plasma) Membrane
Outsideof cell
Insideof cell(cytoplasm)
Cellmembrane
Proteins
Proteinchannel Lipid bilayer
Carbohydratechains
2 layers of phospholipids (lipid bilayer)
Controls what enters or leaves the cell
Surrounds outside of ALL cells
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22
Thick, tough layer made of cellulose in plantsSupports & protects the
cellFound outside of the cell
membrane• Found in plants, fungi, &
bacteria• NOT in ANIMAL CELLS
Cell wallCell Wall
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23
• Jelly-like substance inside cell membrane
• Provides a place to happen• Contains organelles to
carry out specific jobs
• Found in ALL cells
Cytoplasm (Cytosol) of a Cell
cytoplasm
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24
Mitochondria(singular = mitochondrion)
“Generate cellular energy (ATP)
Site of CELLULAR RESPIRATION (burning glucose)
All eukaryotes have mitochondria (plant, animal, fungi & protists)
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25
ChloroplastsPhotosynthesis – using light to make food from CO2
& H2O
Only in Algae (protists) & Plants
Never in animal, fungi, or bacterial cells
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26
Lysosomes
Break down food, bacteria, &
worn out cell parts so that the
materials can be used by the
cell
Found in ALL Eukaryotes
(plants, animals, fungi &
protists)
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27
Vacuoles
Fluid filled sacks for storage (mostly water but also wastes, food, etc...)
LARGE Central Vacuole in Plants
SMALL or absent in animal
No vacuoles in bacteria
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• In plants, they store Cell
Sap
• Includes storage of
sugars, proteins,
minerals, lipids, wastes,
salts, water, and
enzymes
28
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)Has ribosomes on its surface & is attached to nuclear membrane
Makes membrane proteins and modifies proteins for transport out of cell
ALL eukaryotes
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29
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Smooth ER does NOT have
ribosomes on its surface & is
attached to the ends of rough ER
Makes Lipids for cell membrane
& cell products that are USED
INSIDE the cell
ALL eukaryotes
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30
Golgi Bodies
Stacks of flattened
membranes (disks)
Modify & Package proteins
made on the rough ER
ALL EukaryotesTransport
vesicle
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31
• Controls the normal activities of the cell
• ALL Eukaryotes
Nucleus - The Control Organelle
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32
• Contains the DNA (chromosomes) inside the nucleus
• ALL Eukaryotes
Nucleolus
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33
• Surrounds the nucleus; a nuclear envelope (membrane) with pores
• ALL Eukaryotes
Nuclear Membrane
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• Helps in cell division• Only Animal Cells
Centrioles
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35
Ribosomes
Makes Proteins through a process called
Protein Synthesis
ALL CELLS (prokaryotes & eukaryotes)
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How are plant and animal cells different?
Structure Animal cells Plant cells
cell membrane
nucleus
ribosomes
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Golgi apparatus
cell wall
mitochondria
cholorplasts
vacuole
Cytoplasm
lysosome
Eukaryote cells can be
multicellular
The whole cell can be specialized for
one job
cells can work together as tissues
Tissues can work together as organs
Examples of specialized
euk. cells
liver cell:
specialized to
detoxify blood
and store
glucose as
glycogen.
sperm cell:
specialized to
deliver DNA to
egg cell
Flagellum/flagella
large whiplike tail
pushes or pulls
cell through water
can be single, or a
pair
Cilia
fine, hairlike
extensions
attached to cell
membrane
beat in unison