cells organization of living organisms lesson 1 cell theory
TRANSCRIPT
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CELLSCELLS
Organization of Living OrganismsOrganization of Living Organisms
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Lesson 1
Cell Theory
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Do Now
Cell theory, scientists and cell types worksheet
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Hooke
English philosopher
Used primitive microscopes under coarse adjustment to view specimens.
Coined the term “cell” in the 1600’s
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LEUWENHOEKLEUWENHOEKAnton Von Leuwenhoek studied pond water Anton Von Leuwenhoek studied pond water
to observe its living contentsto observe its living contents
SCHLEIDEN & SCHWANNSCHLEIDEN & SCHWANNMattias Schleiden and Theodore Schwann Mattias Schleiden and Theodore Schwann
determined the first point of the cell theory: determined the first point of the cell theory: All organisms are made up of cellsAll organisms are made up of cells
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Cell TheoryCell Theory
1.1. ALL organisms are made of one or more ALL organisms are made of one or more cellscells
2.2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and The cell is the basic unit of structure and function of living thingsfunction of living things
3.3. ALL cells arise from preexisting cellsALL cells arise from preexisting cells
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Cells specialize and Cells specialize and are grouped into are grouped into tissuestissues
Different tissues Different tissues combine to form combine to form organsorgans
Several organs form Several organs form systems to carry out systems to carry out life functions life functions
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Prokaryotic vs. EukaryoticProkaryotic vs. EukaryoticSmallSmall
Simple Simple
No nucleus (DNA/RNA float No nucleus (DNA/RNA float in cell)in cell)
GrowGrow
Reproduce Reproduce
Respond to environmentRespond to environment
Ex: bacteriaEx: bacteria
LargeLarge
ComplexComplex
Have nucleus (contains Have nucleus (contains DNA/RNA)DNA/RNA)
Have organellesHave organelles
GrowGrow
ReproduceReproduce
Respond to environmentRespond to environment
Ex: plants, animals, fungi, Ex: plants, animals, fungi, insects etcinsects etc
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Cells = The basic structure of life!Cells = The basic structure of life!
Cells have specific structures that perform Cells have specific structures that perform specific jobs called ORGANELLES specific jobs called ORGANELLES
Organelles are floating in the jellylike Organelles are floating in the jellylike substances in the cell called CYTOPLASMsubstances in the cell called CYTOPLASM
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In class assignment
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Homework
Cell Theory Worksheet
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Lesson 2
Organelles
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Do Now
Review 2 Worksheet - Cells
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OrganellesOrganelles1.1. NucleusNucleus2.2. MitochondriaMitochondria3.3. VacuolesVacuoles4.4. RibosomesRibosomes5.5. Endoplasmic ReticulumEndoplasmic Reticulum6.6. LysosomeLysosome7.7. Golgi BodyGolgi Body8.8. Cell MembraneCell Membrane9.9. ChloroplastChloroplast10.10. Cell WallCell Wall11.11. CiliaCilia12.12. FlagellumFlagellum13.13. CentrioleCentriole
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NucleusNucleus““Control Center” Control Center”
- Large structure- Large structure- Controls cell - Controls cell metabolism metabolism - Stores genetic information (DNA) in - Stores genetic information (DNA) in chromosomeschromosomes
Nucleolus – subunit of the nucleus makes Nucleolus – subunit of the nucleus makes ribosomesribosomes
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MitochondriaMitochondria
““Powerhouse”Powerhouse”
- Pod shaped with enzymes - Pod shaped with enzymes that extract that extract energy from energy from nutrients by cellular nutrients by cellular
respiration using O2respiration using O2
- Generate ATP (adenosine - Generate ATP (adenosine triphosphate) triphosphate) ENERGYENERGY
- Double membrane folds - Double membrane folds called Cristaecalled Cristae
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VacuolesVacuolesStorage sacs that contain wastes, water or Storage sacs that contain wastes, water or
food, some pump out excess H20 food, some pump out excess H20 (contractile)(contractile)
Large central vacuole in plants holds H20Large central vacuole in plants holds H20
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RibosomesRibosomesSite of protein building – tiny structuresSite of protein building – tiny structures
Some are attached to membranes Some are attached to membranes (endoplasmic reticulum) others just float in (endoplasmic reticulum) others just float in the cytoplasm of the cellthe cytoplasm of the cell
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Endoplasmic ReticulumEndoplasmic ReticulumSystem of channels through the cell – System of channels through the cell –
communication and transportcommunication and transport
- Smooth ER: no ribosomes- Smooth ER: no ribosomes
- Rough ER: has ribosomes- Rough ER: has ribosomes
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LysosomeLysosome
Contain digestive enzymes “suicide sacs” Contain digestive enzymes “suicide sacs”
Join with vacuoles to break down food – If Join with vacuoles to break down food – If the lysosome ruptures or breaks the cell the lysosome ruptures or breaks the cell will diewill die
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Golgi BodyGolgi Body
Packages secretions and transports Packages secretions and transports materials, which are then carried in materials, which are then carried in vesicles through the cytoplasm to other vesicles through the cytoplasm to other parts of the cell, or are are excreted parts of the cell, or are are excreted from the cell from the cell
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In class assignment
Color Plant and Animal Cells
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Homework
“Worksheet - Organelles
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Lesson 3
Plant vs. Animal Cells
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Do Now
Brain Pop vocabulary worksheet
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ChloroplastChloroplast
Only found in plant cells and some protists Only found in plant cells and some protists site of photosynthesis (making food) site of photosynthesis (making food)
- Capture light energy and convert to usable - Capture light energy and convert to usable energyenergy
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Cell WallCell Wall
Rigid outside wall around plant cells Rigid outside wall around plant cells (cellulose) (cellulose)
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CentriolesCentriolesTubules in animal cells used to hold and Tubules in animal cells used to hold and
move chromosomesmove chromosomes
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CiliaCilia
Short hairlike structuresShort hairlike structures
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Flagellum Flagellum
Long hairlike structuresLong hairlike structures
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Plant vs. Animal
PLANTS
1. Chloroplast
2. Cell Wall
3. Large Vacuole
ANIMAL
1. Centrioles
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In class assignment
Plant vs. Animal Lab
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Homework
Complete lab
Cells Research and Design Worksheet
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Lesson 4
Cell Membrane
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Do Now
Brain Pop Worksheet “Cells”
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Cell MembraneCell Membrane
Thin structure that surround the cell – Thin structure that surround the cell – composed of lipids and proteinscomposed of lipids and proteins
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Important functions of the Cell Important functions of the Cell MembraneMembrane
1. Separates contents of cell from outside 1. Separates contents of cell from outside environmentenvironment
2. Controls which molecules enter and leave 2. Controls which molecules enter and leave the cell (selective barrier)the cell (selective barrier)
3. Recognize and respond to chemical 3. Recognize and respond to chemical signals with “receptor” molecules signals with “receptor” molecules allow interactions between cellsallow interactions between cells
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Fluid/Semi-permeable MembraneFluid/Semi-permeable Membrane
Receptor molecules used between nerve cells and Receptor molecules used between nerve cells and at sites where hormones workat sites where hormones work
- Molecules are transported across the cell - Molecules are transported across the cell membrane by 2 meansmembrane by 2 means
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In class assignment
Create a Plasma Membrane
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Homework
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Lesson 5
Molecular Transport
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Do Now
Complete Chapter 9 worksheet – Homeostasis and the Plasma Membrane
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DiffusionMove from HIGH to LOW concentration directly through
membranesimple diffusion
no energy needed help through a protein
channelfacilitated diffusion (with help)
no energy needed
HIGH
LOW
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DIFFUSIONDIFFUSION
Collisions between molecules cause them Collisions between molecules cause them to continually spread apartto continually spread apart
Movement occurs until molecules are Movement occurs until molecules are equally distributed = equally distributed = EQUILIBRIUMEQUILIBRIUM
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Simple vs. facilitated diffusion
inside cell
outside cell
lipidinside cell
outside cell
H2O
simple diffusion facilitated diffusion
H2O
protein channel
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Active TransportActive Transport
Movement of molecules from Movement of molecules from low to highlow to high concentration (riding a bike uphill)concentration (riding a bike uphill)
Must use Must use ENERGY or ATPENERGY or ATP to move to move moleculesmolecules
Move in and out until the molecules reach Move in and out until the molecules reach EQUALIBRIUMEQUALIBRIUM
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In class assignment
Transport Demonstration
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Homework
Movement across a membrane worksheet
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Lesson 6
Osmosis
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Do Now
Osmosis Worksheet
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OsmosisOsmosis
Diffusion of Diffusion of WATERWATER across a cell across a cell membranemembrane
HighHigh to to lowlow concentration concentration
Cells are 98% water and 2% dissolved Cells are 98% water and 2% dissolved mineralsminerals
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OsmosisOsmosisIf the liquid that surrounds the cell has the If the liquid that surrounds the cell has the samesame concentration of water as the concentration of water as the cytoplasm no net diffusion occurs in either cytoplasm no net diffusion occurs in either direction (molecules move at equal rates)direction (molecules move at equal rates)
If the water concentration is If the water concentration is low low and solute and solute is is highhigh the cell membrane will shrink the cell membrane will shrink
If the water concentration is If the water concentration is highhigh and and solute is solute is lowlow the cell membrane will the cell membrane will expand.. Cell will burstexpand.. Cell will burst
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OsmosisOsmosis
If the liquid outside of the cell has a high If the liquid outside of the cell has a high concentration of water (less solute) than concentration of water (less solute) than the cytoplasm, water will diffuse into the the cytoplasm, water will diffuse into the cellcell
If the liquid outside of the cell has a lower If the liquid outside of the cell has a lower concentration of water (more solute) than concentration of water (more solute) than the cytoplasm water will diffuse out of the the cytoplasm water will diffuse out of the cellcell
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Keeping Water Balance
Cell survival depends on balancing water uptake & water loss
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In class assignment
Diffusion, Osmosis, and Cell Transport Worksheet
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Homework
Practice Exam
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Lesson 7
Review
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In class assignment
Review Question Worksheet
Practice Regents Questions