Cells

How do we study cells?

• Light Microscope: Magnify about 1000 times

• Electron Microscope: uses electron beams and magnifies 1,000,000 times. Used to view individual organelles

• Ultracentrifuge: uses gravity to separate organelles by size. This is called cell fractionation.

Why cells are small?• As things increase

in volume the surface area to volume ratio decreases. Larger objects have less surface area to get the amount of nutrients they need from the environment

Organelles and their Function

• Nucleus

Organelles and their Function

• Ribosome

Organelles and their Function

• Endoplasmic Reticulum

Organelles and their Function

• Golgi Apparatus

Organelles and their Function

• Lysosome

Organelles and their Function

• Vacuoles

Organelles and their Function

• Mitochondria

Organelles and their Function

• Chloroplast

Organelles and their Function

• Peroxisome

Organelles and their Function

• Cell Membrane

Types of Cells

• Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic. – Prokaryotic cells are the cells of bacteria– Eukaryotic cells are the cells that make up all

other organisms• Plants vs. Animal

Prokaryotic Cells

• Have no nucleus, instead its DNA is stored in the nucleoid region.

• Only has a cytoplasm, ribosomes, and a cell membrane.