cells. early microscopes robert hooke – looked at cork – started calling the basic building...
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Cells
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Early Microscopes
• Robert Hooke– Looked at cork– Started calling the basic building block of life
“cell”s
• Anton vanLeeuwenhoek– Looked at living things under a microscope
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The Cell Theory
• All living things are made up of cells.• Cells are the basic unit of structure and
function in living things.• New cells are produced from existing cells.
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Important Cell Terms
• Nucleus: Membrane-bound organelle that holds the genetic material in eukaryotes
• Organelle: “tiny organs”– Specialized structures inside cells
• Cytoplasm: fluid-like substance inside all cells
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Cell Types• Prokaryotes • Eukaryotes
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Prokaryotes
• Small (0.1 μm – 10 μm)• Genetic material is not in a nucleus– DNA is in the cytoplasm
• Unicellular organisms (live alone)• Example: bacteria
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Eukaryotes
• Larger than prokaryotes• Have nucleus and organelles• Can live alone (unicellular) or with other cells
(multicellular)• Two types: Plant and Animal
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Plant/Animal Cell Organelle Name Function
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
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Animal Cell
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Animal Cell Organelle Name Function
A Centriole
B Microtubules
C Lysosome
D Mitochondria
E Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)
F Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth
ER)
G Ribosome
H Flagella
I Golgi Apparatus
J Nucleolus
K Nuclear Envelope
L Cytoplasm
M Cell Membrane
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Organelles
• Centriole– Near nucleus– Help with cell
division
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Cell Parts
• Intermediate Filaments• Microtubules– Cell shape– Cell organization
• Microfilaments
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Organelles
• Lysosome– Small, filled with
enzymes– Break down, or
digest, lipids, carbohydrates and proteins
– Get rid of old cell parts
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Organelles
• Mitochondria– “power house” of the
cell– convert food into
useable energy
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Organelles
• Endoplasmic Reticulum– Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum• Synthesis of proteins (ribosomes
on the surface)
– Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum• Make enzymes that perform
special tasks (like making lipids and detoxification of drugs)
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Organelles
• Ribsomes– Cellular “factory”– makes proteins
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Organelles
• Flagella– Tail-like structure used for movement
• Cilia
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Organelles
• Golgi apparatus– Modify, sort and
package proteins and other material from the ER
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Organelles
• Nucleus– 3 parts:
• Nucleolus– Makes ribosomes
• Nuclear Envelope– Membrane around
the nucleus, contains nuclear pores
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Cell Parts
• Cytoplasm– Fluid-like substance
between the nuclear envelope (which surrounds the nucleus) and the cell membrane
– Organelles are found floating in the cytoplasm
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Cell Parts
• Cell membrane– In all cells– Barrier between outside
of cell and inside of cell– Regulates what enters
and leaves
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Plant Cell
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Plant Cell Organelle Name Function
A Cell Membrane
B Cytoplasm
C Nuclear Envelope
D Nucleolus
E Golgi Apparatus
F Vacuole
G Ribosome
H Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)
I Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)
J Mitochondria
K Chloroplast
L Microtubules
M Cell Wall
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Cell Parts
• Cell wall– ONLY in PLANT cells– Outside of cell
membrane– Thick, rigid barrier to
protect cells
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Organelles
• Chloroplasts– Capture sunlight
to make energy for the cell
– ONLY in PLANT cells
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Organelles
• Vacuole– Storage of water,
salts, carbohydrates and proteins
– Large in plant cells– Found in some
prokaryotes and animal cells