CellsCell Type & Structure [7.1, 7.3]

• SPI 2 Distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Goals:

• Review the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

• Identify the best and the second best way to tell a prokaryote from a eukaryote

Cell Types- Part 1

Part 1 Agenda1. Research Teams navigate to:

http://www.ck12.org/biology/Prokaryotic-and-Eukaryotic-Cells/

2. “Read: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells”, take your own notes on the differences between them.

3. If you finish before we’re ready to share, go to the website below and do the interactive: http://www.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer/0470003790/animations/cell_structure/cell_structure.htm

Cell Structures- Part 2

• SPI 1 Identify the cellular organelles associated with major cell processes.

Goals:

• Understand how sets of organelles work together to do essential jobs inside the cell that you need to happen to keep on ticking.

Part 2 Agenda

1. Research teams: Choose a process/job from those listed on the board and claim it by writing your group’s name on the board next to it.

2. Research your process using the outline I will provide you.

3. Share your research/describe your process with the class.

Processes (to be written on board):

•Protein Synthesis

•Plant Metabolism

•Animal Metabolism

•Structure, Support, & Movement

•Storage and Waste Disposal

Cell Types

• Eukaryotic Cells (Eukaryotes)• Found in complex lifeforms where efficiency and

communication between cells is critical

– Have a nucleus• Centralized command center• Safe-house for DNA

– Have organelles• Specialized structures where specific jobs are

performed

Cell Types• Prokaryotic Cells (Prokaryotes)

• Simplest form of life, most closely resembles earliest life on Earth

– Do not have a nucleus– Do not have organelles

Cell Types• Plant v. Animal

– Chloroplasts: Plants are the only organisms that have them.

– Cell Wall: Animals don’t have cell walls, but plants and bacteria do.

Plant

Cell Types

Animal

Cell Structure

Cytoplasm• The cytoplasm is the fluid that fills

the inside of a cell.– In prokaryotes all cell functions take place in

the cytoplasm– In eukaryotes organelles are suspended in

the cytoplasm, and cell functions take place inside them instead.

Cytoskeleton• The cytoskeleton is a network of protein fibers

inside the cell.– Provides structural support for the cell

(microfilaments)• Holds organelles in place

– Provides transportation infrastructure (microtubules)

Cytoskeleton• Centrioles

– Made of microtubules– Used during mitosis to help cell divide

Cytoskeleton• Cilia and Flagella

– Made from microtubules– Cilia:

• Small and hair-like, numerous• Work like oars on a boat for short distance

movement or like a filter (intestines)

– Flagella• Larger and fewer than cilia• Used for faster, long distance movement

Nucleus

• The cell’s command center.

• Houses genetic info: DNA. Nuclear DNA can never leave the nucleus.

• Nuclear pores control passage between inside and outside

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• Folded membrane bound structure found around the nucleus

• Two parts:– Rough ER: has ribosomes, and is the

location of protein synthesis.– Smooth ER: no ribosomes, site of

carbohydrate and lipid synthesis.

Page Title

Ribosomes

• A protein that manufactures other proteins

• Concentrated on the Rough ER

Golgi Apparatus

• Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into sacs called vesicles for transport to their destination

Mitochondria

• Converts food (mainly sugar) into energy.

• Has two membranes, and outer membrane and a highly folded inner membrane for large surface area.

Chloroplasts

• In plant cells ONLY

• Trap sunlight and convert it to chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis.

• Contain thylakoids which have chlorophyllgreen plants

Lysosomes

• Vesicles which contain digestive enzymes to destroy waste, worn out organelles, and bacteria/viruses.

Vacuole

• Membrane bound vesicles where waste products and materials are stored.

• Usually NOT in animal cells, but large in plant cells.

Cell Wall

• Is a thick rigid mesh of fibers surrounding the plasma membrane

• In plant cells, some fungi and bacteria

• Made of Cellulose which is inflexible and allows plants to stand tall.