cells capture and release energy. chapter 2 – section 2 notes

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Cells capture and release energy. Chapter 2 – Section 2 Notes

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Page 1: Cells capture and release energy. Chapter 2 – Section 2 Notes

Cells capture and release energy.

Chapter 2 – Section 2 Notes

Page 2: Cells capture and release energy. Chapter 2 – Section 2 Notes

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

“Photo-” = light“-syntesis” (synthesize) = to make something

Definition – a step by step process that a plant uses to make GLUCOSE (sugar) from light

Job is done in the CHLOROPLAST – specifically in the CHLOROPHYLL (light absorbing chemical inside the choloroplasts)

Page 3: Cells capture and release energy. Chapter 2 – Section 2 Notes

PHOTOSYNTHESIS Steps

Step onePlants collect CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) from the air

and H2O from their roots to go inside the Chloroplasts

Step TwoChloroplasts use sun / light and a Chemical

Reaction takes place to change the molecules Step Three

The elements rearrange and form GLUCOSE (sugar) and OXYGEN (waste for the plant)

Page 4: Cells capture and release energy. Chapter 2 – Section 2 Notes

PHOTOSYNTHESIS in Action

(see page 49 in the book)

“makes”

6H20 + 6CO2 + light C6H12O6 + 6O2

Chemical Equation for Photosynthesis

It takes, 6 Carbon Dioxide molecules and 6 water molecules being exposed to light to make just one molecule of Glucose and 6 Oxygen molecules.

http://www.classzone.com/books/ml_science_comp/page_build.cfm?id=none&mod=1#

BrainPop Video

Page 5: Cells capture and release energy. Chapter 2 – Section 2 Notes

Stop for now

Page 6: Cells capture and release energy. Chapter 2 – Section 2 Notes

All cells make and use energy

Two Types of EnergyMaking and Releasing

Cellular Respiration Fermentation

Requires OxygenNO Oxygen Required

Page 7: Cells capture and release energy. Chapter 2 – Section 2 Notes

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Uses Glucose = “Cell Food”

Chemical Energy is stored in bonds between the elements

It requires Oxygen in order to work and releases LOTS of usable energy

Page 8: Cells capture and release energy. Chapter 2 – Section 2 Notes

Cellular Respiration Steps

Step oneAll cells collect “Carbohydrate” (Glucose) and

Oxygen (leftovers from Photosynthesis in plants) and starts to break apart the “Carbohydrate”.

Step TwoMitochondria takes the “carbo-chunks” and has

the oxygen break them into separate elements to be rearranged.

Step ThreeChemical Energy gets released, and H2O and

CO2 are made from the rearranged elements.

Page 9: Cells capture and release energy. Chapter 2 – Section 2 Notes

CELLULAR RESPIRATION in Action

(see page 51 in the book)“makes”

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6H20 + 6CO2 + Energy

Chemical Equation for Cellular Respiration

It takes, just one molecule of Glucose and 6 Oxygen molecules to make 6 Carbon Dioxide molecules and 6 water molecules with lots of Energy released to the cell to be used.

Page 10: Cells capture and release energy. Chapter 2 – Section 2 Notes

Now Put them together….

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Cycle

Page 11: Cells capture and release energy. Chapter 2 – Section 2 Notes

Not quite done….

FermentationBasically the same as Cellular Respiration…

just different in that NO Oxygen is needed to get the Energy

It only releases a small amount of Energy

Does NOT happen in the Mitochondria, it happens in the Cytoplasm

Page 12: Cells capture and release energy. Chapter 2 – Section 2 Notes

Two Types of Fermentation…

1. Alcoholic Fermentation “Sugar” is changed into an alcohol and CO2

without Oxygen being used

Example: Bread (made with flour, milk and sugar and yeast) – They have a Chemical Reaction and the small amount of alcohol evaporates and the CO2 makes the “bubbles” in the bread

Page 13: Cells capture and release energy. Chapter 2 – Section 2 Notes

Two Types of Fermentation…

Type Two 2. Lactic Acid Fermentation

“Carbohydrates” are broken apart releasing their Energy – without Oxygen- and an acid is left

Examples: Yogurt (sits only a short time), Cheese (left to sit a long time) and Sourdough bread (made with milk) or the sugar “Lactose” as the “sugar / carb”.

Human Example: Exercising for a long time / distance…you will use up your Oxygen supply in the muscle and have to do Fermentation to make a little emergency energy. You feel “sore / pain / burn” sensation – this is the Lactic Acid build up.

See BrainPop video…