cells and their functions
DESCRIPTION
CELLS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS. “I CAN’T IMAGINE A PERSON BECOMING A SUCCESS WHO DOESN’T GIVE THIS GAME OF LIFE EVERYTHING HE’S GOT.” WALTER KRONKITE. PLASMA MEMBRANE NUCLEUS CYTOPLASM SURFACE ORGANELLES CELLULAR DIVERSITY. CELL STRUCTURE – SEE TABLE 3-1 PAGE 38 MEMMLER. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: CELLS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/568146c2550346895db3fb19/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CELLS AND THEIR CELLS AND THEIR FUNCTIONSFUNCTIONS
“I CAN’T IMAGINE A PERSON BECOMING A SUCCESS WHO DOESN’T GIVE THIS GAME OF LIFE EVERYTHING HE’S
GOT.” WALTER KRONKITE
![Page 2: CELLS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/568146c2550346895db3fb19/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
CELL STRUCTURE – SEE TABLE 3-1CELL STRUCTURE – SEE TABLE 3-1PAGE 38 MEMMLERPAGE 38 MEMMLER
PLASMA MEMBRANENUCLEUSCYTOPLASMSURFACE ORGANELLESCELLULAR DIVERSITY
![Page 3: CELLS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/568146c2550346895db3fb19/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
PROTEIN SYNTHESISPROTEIN SYNTHESIS
NUCLEIC ACIDS – DNA, RNADNA – CHROMOSOMES IN THE NUCLEUS
◦ADENINE (A)◦THYMINE (T)◦GUANINE (G)◦CYTOSINE (C)◦DOUBLE HELIX W/ H+ BONDS
RNA – IN CYTOPLASM (Mrna, Rrna, Trna)◦ADENINE, GUANINE, CYTOSINE◦THYMINE IS REPLACED BY URACIL (U)◦SINGLE STRAND
![Page 4: CELLS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/568146c2550346895db3fb19/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Build a protein strandBuild a protein strand
EVERYBODY UP!!!! WE ARE GOING TO BUILD A STRAND OF
PROTEIN
![Page 5: CELLS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/568146c2550346895db3fb19/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
CELL DIVISIONCELL DIVISION
MITOSIS VS MEIOSISINTERPHASEPROPHASEMETAPHASEANAPHASETELEPHASEROLE OF THE CENTROMERES
![Page 6: CELLS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/568146c2550346895db3fb19/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCESMOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCESSEE TABLE 3-4 PAGE 49SEE TABLE 3-4 PAGE 49
PASSIVE MOVEMENT◦SIMPLE DIFFUSION◦OSMOSIS◦FILTRATION◦FACILITATED DIFFUSION
ACTIVE TRANSPORT◦NEED PROTEIN ‘GATE KEEPERS’◦SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY◦ENDOCYTOSIS – PHAGOCYTOSIS & PINOCYTOSIS◦EXOCYTOSIS
![Page 7: CELLS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/568146c2550346895db3fb19/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
TONICITY TONICITY
ISOTONIC – SAME SOLUTE CONCENTRATION AS OUR BODY(0.9% NS)
HYPOTONIC – LESS SOLUTE IN SOLUTION THAN OUR BODY; FREES UP WATER TO GO TO CELL; TOO MUCH = HEMOLYSIS (0.45% NaCl)
HYPERTONIC – MORE SOLUTE THAN OUR BODY; PULLS WATER TOWARD IT; TOO MUCH DEHYDRATED CELL = CRENATION (3% NaCl)
![Page 8: CELLS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/568146c2550346895db3fb19/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
ORGANELLES
Golgi apparatus – the “UPS” of the cell; packages the items for transport in and out of the cell
Mitochondria – the “Mighty” power house that makes energy (ATP) from the glucose
Lysomes – clean up the cell waste (garbage men); think Lysol
Centrioles – necessary for reproductionPeroxisomes – Clean up hazardous
material (HAZ MAT team)
![Page 9: CELLS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/568146c2550346895db3fb19/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
ORGANELLES – CONT’D
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum – makes and packages fats
Rough endoplasmic reticulum – makes proteins
Ribosomes – make proteinsVacuoles – empty cargo containersVesicles – carrier of solutes within the cell;
could be storage or for movement to cell side for exocytosis
![Page 10: CELLS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/568146c2550346895db3fb19/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
CELL AGING AND CANCER RISKSCELL AGING AND CANCER RISKS
LIMITED NUMBER OF CELL DIVISIONSMUTATIONS CAN OCCUR DURING
DIVISIONTHESE MUTATIONS MAY CAUSE A CELL TO
DIVIDE FOREVERRISK FACTORS: HEREDITY (BRACA1) , CHEMICAL EXPOSURE,
IONIZING RADIATION (XRAYS, SUN), PHYSICAL IRRITATION, DIET, VIRUSES (HPV)
![Page 11: CELLS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/568146c2550346895db3fb19/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGYMEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
CYT/O-MICR/O-BI--SOME, SOM/A- CHROM/O-END/O-LYS/O-INTER-
![Page 12: CELLS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020106/568146c2550346895db3fb19/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGYMEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
CYT/O-MICR/O-BI--SOME, SOM/A- CHROM/O-END/O-LYS/O-INTER-PRO-META-
ANA- TEL/E-SEMI-PHAG/O-PIN/O-EX/O-ISO-HYPO-HYPER-CARCIN/O--GEN