cells
DESCRIPTION
CELLS. REMEMBER THIS???. Cell Theory. The cell theory states: All ______ _______are composed of cells Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things New cells are produced from _________ _________________________. Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: CELLS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56812a64550346895d8dddfd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CELLS
![Page 2: CELLS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56812a64550346895d8dddfd/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
REMEMBER THIS???
![Page 3: CELLS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56812a64550346895d8dddfd/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Cell Theory
The cell theory states:
• All ______ _______are composed of cells• Cells are the basic units of structure and
function in living things• New cells are produced from __________________________________.
![Page 4: CELLS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56812a64550346895d8dddfd/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote
• Prokaryotic cells have genetic material that is NOT contained in a nucleus– Less complicated
• Eukaryotic cells contain a NUCLEUS in which their genetic material is separated from the rest of the cell– Contain membrane bound organelles (ex.
mitochondria, golgi apparatus, ribosome)
![Page 5: CELLS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56812a64550346895d8dddfd/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
CELL ORGANELLESOrganelles are VERY SPECIAL structures that
perform important cellular functions.
Animal Cell Plant Cell
WHATS THE DIFFERENCE?
![Page 6: CELLS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56812a64550346895d8dddfd/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
NUCLEUS • CONTROL CENTER• CONTAINS DNA/RNA and CONTROLS EVERYTHING
NUCLEAR ENVELOPE• IT’S SO SPECIAL…..
IT GETS ITS OWN MEMBRANE
• REGULATES WHAT COMES IN AND OUT
![Page 7: CELLS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56812a64550346895d8dddfd/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
NUCLEUS
WHY IS IT SO SPECIAL??
![Page 8: CELLS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56812a64550346895d8dddfd/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: CELLS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56812a64550346895d8dddfd/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
BLOOD CELLSTHEY DO NOT
HAVE A NUCLEUS
ZOMG – What does that mean?
![Page 10: CELLS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56812a64550346895d8dddfd/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Cell Membrane• FUNCTION: Regulates materials entering
and exiting the cell. • STRUCTURE: Two layers of phospholipids, proteins
![Page 11: CELLS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56812a64550346895d8dddfd/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
CELL MEMBRANE
![Page 12: CELLS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56812a64550346895d8dddfd/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
YES, YOU MAY ENTER.
![Page 13: CELLS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56812a64550346895d8dddfd/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
CYTOPLASM – • PORTION OUTSIDE OF THE NUCLEUS• JELLY LIKE• HOLDS ORGANELLES
![Page 14: CELLS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56812a64550346895d8dddfd/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: CELLS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56812a64550346895d8dddfd/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
MITOCHONDRIA• POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL• MAKES ATP = MAKES ENERGY FOR THE CELL• IT’S SO SPECIAL, IT ALSO GETS ITS OWN MEMBRANE• MIGHTY MITO!
![Page 16: CELLS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56812a64550346895d8dddfd/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
WHAT KIND OF HUMAN CELLS HAVE A LOT OF MITOCHONDRIA??
WHY??
![Page 17: CELLS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56812a64550346895d8dddfd/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
RIBOSOME• MAKES PROTEIN
![Page 18: CELLS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56812a64550346895d8dddfd/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
IF A CHEMICAL POISON ENTERED THE CELL AND DAMAGED THE RIBOSOME,
WHAT WOULD HAPPEN?
![Page 19: CELLS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56812a64550346895d8dddfd/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
SOME ANTIBIOTICS TARGET THE RIBOSOME OF PROKARYOTES.
WHY DID SCIENTISTS DESIGN THEM THAT WAY?
![Page 20: CELLS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56812a64550346895d8dddfd/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
GOLGI COMPLEX – • Sorts and packages proteins for delivery to certain partsof the cell• It’s like The POST OFFICE ofThe cell
![Page 21: CELLS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56812a64550346895d8dddfd/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: CELLS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56812a64550346895d8dddfd/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
NOTICE THE SHAPE!!NOTICE THE LITTLE SACS COMING OFF THE SIDES.
HOW DOES IT PACKAGE STUFF UP? WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF THE GOLGI MADE A MISTAKE?
![Page 23: CELLS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56812a64550346895d8dddfd/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: CELLS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56812a64550346895d8dddfd/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
LYSOSOMES • DIGESTS CELLULAR WASTES • “GARBAGE MAN CREW”
![Page 25: CELLS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56812a64550346895d8dddfd/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: CELLS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56812a64550346895d8dddfd/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
CENTRIOLE –
• Located in Animal cells• Help the cell divide• Organizes the microtubules and chromosomes
![Page 27: CELLS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56812a64550346895d8dddfd/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
WHEN IT IS TIME TO DIVIDE AND MAKE ANOTHER CELL….
CENTRIOLES MOVE TO THE OUTSIDEAND HELP MAKE IT HAPPEN
LIKE A BOSS…Just Sayin….
![Page 28: CELLS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56812a64550346895d8dddfd/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Some cancer drugs destroy the centriole – WHY?
![Page 29: CELLS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56812a64550346895d8dddfd/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
PLANTS HAVE ORGANELLES
TOO!!
REMEMBER,They are
EUKARYOTES!
![Page 30: CELLS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56812a64550346895d8dddfd/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
BUT FIRST…………What do you notice about the plant cell?
![Page 31: CELLS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56812a64550346895d8dddfd/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: CELLS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56812a64550346895d8dddfd/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
WHAT DOES A PLANT CELL HAVE THAT
ANIMAL CELLS DO NOT?
![Page 33: CELLS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56812a64550346895d8dddfd/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: CELLS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56812a64550346895d8dddfd/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Cell walls help a plant
keep its shape.
![Page 35: CELLS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56812a64550346895d8dddfd/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
CHLOROPLAST – FOUND IN PLANTS• Take LIGHT from SUN and turn it into Energy!• It’s called PHOTOSYNTHESIS!• They are kinda like mitochondria (ENERGY)
![Page 36: CELLS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56812a64550346895d8dddfd/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
CHLOROPLAST
![Page 37: CELLS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56812a64550346895d8dddfd/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
VACUOLE – • Stores stuff like WATER, PROTEINS• PLANTS HAVE A HUGE VACUOLE!!!!!• THEY STORE WATER!
![Page 38: CELLS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56812a64550346895d8dddfd/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
ANIMALS HAVE TINY ONES!
Vacuoles store food, water, and other materials that can be used by the cell.
![Page 39: CELLS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56812a64550346895d8dddfd/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
NO MORE ORGANELLES FOR NOW!
![Page 40: CELLS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56812a64550346895d8dddfd/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
CYTOSKELETON– • SKELETON NETWORK MADE OF PROTEIN FILAMENTS and MICROTUBULES• MAINTAINS CELL SHAPE / PROVIDES STRUCTURE
![Page 41: CELLS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56812a64550346895d8dddfd/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: CELLS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062717/56812a64550346895d8dddfd/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Endoplasmic Reticulum – assembles lipid components of cell membrane and some proteins are
modifiedSmooth vs. Rough