cell transport, tissues, and the integumentary system bio 117 lecture...cell transport, tissues, and...
TRANSCRIPT
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Cell Transport, Tissues, and the Integumentary
SystemChapters 3, 6, and 7
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Learning Objectives
• Discuss Passive and Active transports• Four tissue types of the body and
their functions• Special cells found in each tissue• Membranes• Integumentary system– Functions, layers (and structures found
in each layer), color of skin, and accessory structures
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Cell Transport• Either active or passive• How we get materials into and out of
the cell• Do we need energy?• Where are the molecules going?
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Passive Transport
• Do not need ATP!• Molecules move from high
concentration to low concentration!
• 4 types of passive transport:1. Diffusion2. Facilitated Diffusion3. Osmosis (water)4. Filtration (pressure)
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Diffusion• Movement of substance (solute)• From high concentration to low
concentration• Example: sugar and coffee• Where does sugar go?• Where does coffee go?
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Facilitated Diffusion
• Uses proteins in our membrane to get across
• Glucose, ions, etc.• No energy needed• Moves from high
concentration to low concentration
• Still diffusion, just with help
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Osmosis
• Movement of water only• High concentration water to low
concentration of water
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Types of Tonicity
1. Isotonic (same)2. Hypotonic (less solutes)3. Hypertonic (more solutes)
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Practice
• Let’s practice some examples of diffusion and osmosis!
• Example 1: Making Kool-Aid• Example 2: Oxygen and our cells• Example 3: Osmosis
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Filtration
• Moving substances from high pressure to low pressure• Blood vessels,
kidneys
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Active Transport
• Needs ATP!• Moves from low concentration
to high concentration!• 3 types of Active transport:1.Transport pumps2.Endocytosis3.Exocytosis
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Na+/K+ Pump
• High Na+ outside• High K+ inside• How do we
keep it that way?
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Endocytosis
• Bringing large particles and water into cell
• “Phagocytosis” – cell eating
• “Pinocytosis” – cell drinking
• Use ATP!
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Exocytosis
• “Exiting the cell”• Proteins made in cell • Golgi Apparatus
sends them out = exocytosis!
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Any Questions?
Chapter 3
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Tissues – Chapter 6
Four tissue types in our body1.Epithelial2.Connective3.Nervous4.Muscle
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Epithelial Tissue
“Protective sheet”• Lines inside and
outside of us• Functions:i. Protectionii. Absorptioniii.Filtrationiv.Secretion
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Epithelial Tissue• Simple squamous
– “diffusion” – (blood vessels,
lungs)
• Simple cuboidal– “secretion” – (kidneys, glands)
• Simple columnar– “absorption” – (digestive tract)
• Stratified squamous– “protection”
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Connective Tissue• Most abundant• Found in blood,
underneath skin, bone, around organs
• “Connects” or binds things together
• Different named cells for different connective tissue
• Matrix made of: collagen and elastin (protein fibers)
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Connective Tissue• Loose connective
tissue– skin – (cell: fibroblast)
• Osseous tissue = bone– (cells:
osteoblast, osteoclast, osteocyte)
• Cartilage– (cells:
chondroblast, chondrocyte)
• Adipose tissue = fat– (cell: adipocyte)
• Blood and Lymph – (cells: RBC and
WBC)
• Other cells that we can find throughout? WBCs and Macrophage!
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Nervous Tissue
• Brain, spinal cord, nerves
• Two types of cells:1. Neurons: transmit
signals, “communication”
2. Neuroglia: support, “take care of” neurons
– *Will talk about later in greater detail
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Muscle Tissue• Cells that “shorten” or
“contract”
1. Skeletal – voluntary2. Smooth –
involuntary3. Cardiac –
involuntary• *Will talk about later in
greater detail
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Tissue Repair
• Epithelial and Connective repair
• Muscle and Nervous don’t repair, why?–No mitosis!
• Replace the normal tissue with nonfunctional – Scar, keloid
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Membranes• Tissue that cover
surfaces• Line body cavities,
surround organs• Mostly epithelial
tissue (only 2 examples of connective)
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Epithelial Membranes• Cutaneous: skin• Mucous: lines
organ systems (digestive, urinary, reproductive, respiratory), exposed to air
• Serous: lines body cavities, NOT exposed to air
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Serous Membranes• Visceral Layer: on top of the
organ itself!• Parietal Layer: facing body walli. Pericardiumii. Pleuraiii.Peritoneum
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Connective MembranesExamples:1. Periosteum: connective
tissue membrane around bone2. Meninges: connective tissue
membrane around brain and spinal cord
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Any Questions?
Chapter 6
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Integumentary System
Chapter 7
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Integumentary System• Anatomy: skin (3 layers), hair,
nails, glands• Function:1. Protection2. Secretion3. Sensory4. Temperature regulation
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Functions of the Integumentary System
• Protection: first line of defense
• Secretion: sweat, oil, milk, earwax
• Sensory: touch, pressure, pain, temperature
• Thermoregulation: blood vessels and sweating
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Integumentary System
3 layers of the skin:1. Epidermis:– most superficial,
epithelial tissue
2. Dermis: – connective tissue,
protein fibers
3. Hypodermis: – connective tissue
(adipose), also called “subcutaneous”
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Epidermis
• Superficial layer• No blood vessels!• Cells: keratinocytes,
melanocytes• Structures
formed: nails, hair follicle, sebaceous gland
• 2 layers: a) Stratum
germinativum b) Stratum corneum
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Dermis• Connective tissue• Blood vessels and
nerves• Cell: fibroblast• Structures
found: protein fibers, sudoriferous glands (“sweat glands”)
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Hypodermis
• Deepest layer• Connective tissue • Blood vessels and nerves• Cells: fibroblast,
adipocyte• Structures found:
protein fibers, adipose tissue!
• (Hypodermic needle for subcutaneous injection)
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Nails
• Hard keratin• Protection• Nails appear pink? – Blood vessels
underneath!
• Important for diagnostic information (pg. 99)
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Glands of the Skin
• Sebaceous: secretes sebum (oil) around hair follicle
• Sudoriferous: secretes sweati. Apocrine: axillary,
genitalii.Eccrine: throughout
body
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Modified Sudoriferous Glands
• Mammary Gland–Milk production
• Ceruminous Gland– Ear Wax
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Skins role in Temperature Regulation
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Group Activity!