cell structure october 23, 2012. common cell structures outer covering called cell membrane and...
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![Page 1: Cell Structure October 23, 2012. Common Cell Structures Outer covering called cell membrane and internal gelatinlike cytoplasm 1. comparing cells- size](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/5697bfd91a28abf838caf570/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cell Structure
October 23, 2012
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Common Cell Structures
• Outer covering called cell membrane and internal gelatinlike cytoplasm
• 1. comparing cells- size and shape relate to function
• 2. Two cell types– Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound internal
structures– Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound internal
structures
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Prokaryotic Cell vs. Eukaryotic Cell
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Cell Organization
• 1. Composed of cellulose, a cell wall grows, gives shape to, and protects the cells of plants, algae, fungi, and most bacteria
• 2. Cell membrane-protective layer around all cells– A. For cells with cell walls, the cell membrane is
inside the cell wall– B. A cell membrane allows food and oxygen into
the cell and waste products out of the cell
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Cell wall and cell membrane
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Cell Organization
• 3. Cytoplasm-gelatinlike substance inside cell membrane– A. Cytoskeleton- scaffolding-like structure in
cytoplasm which helps cell keep its shape– B. In the cytoplasm, eukaryotic cells have
organelles which help with cell life processes.
• 4. Nucleus-contains instructions for everything cell does; includes DNA
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Nucleus
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Cell Organization
• 5. Energy-processing organelles-help cells do their work– A. Green organelles in plant cells contain
chloroplasts to make food.– B. Organelles which release energy from food are
called mitochondria
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Chloroplast and Mitochondria
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Cell Organization
• 6. Manufacturing Organelles– A. Ribosomes make proteins for cell activities– B. Some ribosomes attach to the rough part of the
endoplasmic reticulum, a series of smooth or rough membranes that move materials around in a cell
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Cell Organization
• 7. Transporting and storing organelles– A. Golgi bodies move substances out of a cell or
to other parts of a cell– B. Vacuoles-membrane-bound temporary storage
spaces
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Golgi Apparatus and Vacuoles
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Cell Organization
• 8. Recycling organelles- lysosomes break down food molecules and cell wastes
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From cell to organism
• 1. Tissue- group of similar cells working together on one job
• 2. Different types of tissues working together make up an organ
• 3. A group of organs working together on a particular function form a(n) organ system