cell structure - mr.nolan's science...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Cell Structure - Mr.Nolan's Science Classesmrnolansscienceclass.weebly.com/.../cell_structure.pdfCell Structure: What cells are made of Can you pick out the cells from this picture?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063014/5fce38b4f9083c3cc77225c3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cell Structure: What cells are made of
Can you pick
out the cells
from this
picture?
![Page 2: Cell Structure - Mr.Nolan's Science Classesmrnolansscienceclass.weebly.com/.../cell_structure.pdfCell Structure: What cells are made of Can you pick out the cells from this picture?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063014/5fce38b4f9083c3cc77225c3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Review of the cell theory
Microscope
was
developed
1610.
Robert Hooke
reported and
named cells in
cork. 1665
Anton van
Leeuwenhoek
saw living
things in pond
water. 1677
Robert Brown
Reported dark
spots in cells,
(nucleus). 1831
T. Schwann and M.
Schleiden concluded
that all living things
are composed of
cells. 1839
Rudolf Virchow
suggested that all
cells come from other
cells. 1855
Formulation of the Cell Theory
![Page 3: Cell Structure - Mr.Nolan's Science Classesmrnolansscienceclass.weebly.com/.../cell_structure.pdfCell Structure: What cells are made of Can you pick out the cells from this picture?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063014/5fce38b4f9083c3cc77225c3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
**The Cell Theory**
1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit of organization of organisms.
3. All cells come from preexisting cells.
![Page 4: Cell Structure - Mr.Nolan's Science Classesmrnolansscienceclass.weebly.com/.../cell_structure.pdfCell Structure: What cells are made of Can you pick out the cells from this picture?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063014/5fce38b4f9083c3cc77225c3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Common features of all cells
•They all have a cell membrane (this is what encloses a cell)
•They all have a cytoplasm (the interior fluid of all cells)
•They all have DNA in them
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
DNA
![Page 5: Cell Structure - Mr.Nolan's Science Classesmrnolansscienceclass.weebly.com/.../cell_structure.pdfCell Structure: What cells are made of Can you pick out the cells from this picture?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063014/5fce38b4f9083c3cc77225c3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
How DNA is held in a cell
• Some cells have their DNA free in the cytoplasm (prokaryotic)
• These kind of cells are the most primative and simple
• Most cells have their DNA enclosed in a membrane. (eukaryotic)
• These are more advanced and complex cells.
![Page 6: Cell Structure - Mr.Nolan's Science Classesmrnolansscienceclass.weebly.com/.../cell_structure.pdfCell Structure: What cells are made of Can you pick out the cells from this picture?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063014/5fce38b4f9083c3cc77225c3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
DNA free in the cytoplasm DNA inside the nucleus
Primitive Cells Advanced CellsProkaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells
![Page 7: Cell Structure - Mr.Nolan's Science Classesmrnolansscienceclass.weebly.com/.../cell_structure.pdfCell Structure: What cells are made of Can you pick out the cells from this picture?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063014/5fce38b4f9083c3cc77225c3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Cell Structure - Mr.Nolan's Science Classesmrnolansscienceclass.weebly.com/.../cell_structure.pdfCell Structure: What cells are made of Can you pick out the cells from this picture?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063014/5fce38b4f9083c3cc77225c3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
An Organelle Is:A minute structure within a
plant or animal cell that has a
particular job or function.
![Page 9: Cell Structure - Mr.Nolan's Science Classesmrnolansscienceclass.weebly.com/.../cell_structure.pdfCell Structure: What cells are made of Can you pick out the cells from this picture?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063014/5fce38b4f9083c3cc77225c3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
What are some functions of organelles in cells
1.Intake and storage of nutrients
2.Growth
3.Response to stimuli
4.Exchange of gases
5.Waste removal
6.Reproduction
7.Respiration or Photosynthesis
![Page 10: Cell Structure - Mr.Nolan's Science Classesmrnolansscienceclass.weebly.com/.../cell_structure.pdfCell Structure: What cells are made of Can you pick out the cells from this picture?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063014/5fce38b4f9083c3cc77225c3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
ANIMAL PLANT
Nucleus
Where is the nucleus of each cell?
![Page 11: Cell Structure - Mr.Nolan's Science Classesmrnolansscienceclass.weebly.com/.../cell_structure.pdfCell Structure: What cells are made of Can you pick out the cells from this picture?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063014/5fce38b4f9083c3cc77225c3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Nucleus
Nucleolus=
“little nucleus”
![Page 12: Cell Structure - Mr.Nolan's Science Classesmrnolansscienceclass.weebly.com/.../cell_structure.pdfCell Structure: What cells are made of Can you pick out the cells from this picture?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063014/5fce38b4f9083c3cc77225c3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Nucleus - control center for activities
& reproduction, DNA & chromosomes
housed here.
Chromosomes – long coiled threads of
DNA with all the genes on them
Control center for plant and animal cells:
![Page 13: Cell Structure - Mr.Nolan's Science Classesmrnolansscienceclass.weebly.com/.../cell_structure.pdfCell Structure: What cells are made of Can you pick out the cells from this picture?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063014/5fce38b4f9083c3cc77225c3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Found in both Plant and Animal Cells
1. Cell Membrane:
•controls what enters and leaves the cell
•outer boundary of the cell
![Page 14: Cell Structure - Mr.Nolan's Science Classesmrnolansscienceclass.weebly.com/.../cell_structure.pdfCell Structure: What cells are made of Can you pick out the cells from this picture?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063014/5fce38b4f9083c3cc77225c3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Found in both Plant and Animal Cells
2. Nuclear envelope :
•protects and controls what goes in and
out of the nucleus
•Contains the chromosomes (DNA)
![Page 15: Cell Structure - Mr.Nolan's Science Classesmrnolansscienceclass.weebly.com/.../cell_structure.pdfCell Structure: What cells are made of Can you pick out the cells from this picture?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063014/5fce38b4f9083c3cc77225c3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
3. Cytoplasm: Area between nucleus
and cell membrane that is the “jelly”
between the cells organelles.
![Page 16: Cell Structure - Mr.Nolan's Science Classesmrnolansscienceclass.weebly.com/.../cell_structure.pdfCell Structure: What cells are made of Can you pick out the cells from this picture?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063014/5fce38b4f9083c3cc77225c3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Two types of ER:
• Rough ER - specializes
in the production and
transport of proteins.
•Smooth ER -
specializes in the
production & transport
of lipids and
carbohydrates.
4. ER = Endoplasmic Reticulum:
![Page 17: Cell Structure - Mr.Nolan's Science Classesmrnolansscienceclass.weebly.com/.../cell_structure.pdfCell Structure: What cells are made of Can you pick out the cells from this picture?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063014/5fce38b4f9083c3cc77225c3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Two locations of
ribosomes
• Attached ribosomes are
attached to ER thus
“rough” ER
• Ribosomes free in the
cytoplasm thus free
ribosomes.
5. Ribosomes- the smallest organelle
• all ribosomes make proteins
(protein synthesis)
![Page 18: Cell Structure - Mr.Nolan's Science Classesmrnolansscienceclass.weebly.com/.../cell_structure.pdfCell Structure: What cells are made of Can you pick out the cells from this picture?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063014/5fce38b4f9083c3cc77225c3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
ribosomes
Ribosomes: Site of Protein Synthesis
![Page 19: Cell Structure - Mr.Nolan's Science Classesmrnolansscienceclass.weebly.com/.../cell_structure.pdfCell Structure: What cells are made of Can you pick out the cells from this picture?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063014/5fce38b4f9083c3cc77225c3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
• Where cell
products such as
enzymes and
antibodies are
modified and
packaged in
vesicles for
export from the cell.
6. Golgi Bodies (aka Golgi Apparatus):
![Page 20: Cell Structure - Mr.Nolan's Science Classesmrnolansscienceclass.weebly.com/.../cell_structure.pdfCell Structure: What cells are made of Can you pick out the cells from this picture?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063014/5fce38b4f9083c3cc77225c3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
7. Vesicles
Vesicles
• small “bubbles” that move material
around the cell
![Page 21: Cell Structure - Mr.Nolan's Science Classesmrnolansscienceclass.weebly.com/.../cell_structure.pdfCell Structure: What cells are made of Can you pick out the cells from this picture?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063014/5fce38b4f9083c3cc77225c3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
8a. Vacuoles – (Animal)
•small “bubbles” surrounded by membrane
•store material around the cell
8. Vacuoles
Large vesicles for storage for food and water
![Page 22: Cell Structure - Mr.Nolan's Science Classesmrnolansscienceclass.weebly.com/.../cell_structure.pdfCell Structure: What cells are made of Can you pick out the cells from this picture?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063014/5fce38b4f9083c3cc77225c3/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
8b. Vacuoles -Plant-Usually 1 (or 2) large sacs
-storage of food and water, helps support plant
![Page 23: Cell Structure - Mr.Nolan's Science Classesmrnolansscienceclass.weebly.com/.../cell_structure.pdfCell Structure: What cells are made of Can you pick out the cells from this picture?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063014/5fce38b4f9083c3cc77225c3/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
9. Lysosomes
Lysosomes
• special vesicles that Contains digestive
enzymes that breaks down large molecules
![Page 24: Cell Structure - Mr.Nolan's Science Classesmrnolansscienceclass.weebly.com/.../cell_structure.pdfCell Structure: What cells are made of Can you pick out the cells from this picture?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063014/5fce38b4f9083c3cc77225c3/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
10. Centrioles
Centrioles
• Just outside the nucleus and only visible
in animal cells not plant cells.
• Makes the spindle fibers during cell
division (Mitosis)
![Page 25: Cell Structure - Mr.Nolan's Science Classesmrnolansscienceclass.weebly.com/.../cell_structure.pdfCell Structure: What cells are made of Can you pick out the cells from this picture?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063014/5fce38b4f9083c3cc77225c3/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
11. Mitochondria
Mitochondria
• Power house of the cell that breaks down
sugar to form energy
How many
in this cell?
![Page 26: Cell Structure - Mr.Nolan's Science Classesmrnolansscienceclass.weebly.com/.../cell_structure.pdfCell Structure: What cells are made of Can you pick out the cells from this picture?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063014/5fce38b4f9083c3cc77225c3/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Respiration
•Mitochondria provide both plant and animalcells with energy by converting sugar (glucose) to energy
Glucose + Oxygen carbon dioxide + water + energy
C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + energy (ATP)
![Page 27: Cell Structure - Mr.Nolan's Science Classesmrnolansscienceclass.weebly.com/.../cell_structure.pdfCell Structure: What cells are made of Can you pick out the cells from this picture?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063014/5fce38b4f9083c3cc77225c3/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Cellular respiration: carbohydrates
release energy in consumers
C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + energy
The energy released is used for growth,
repair and other life processes.
![Page 28: Cell Structure - Mr.Nolan's Science Classesmrnolansscienceclass.weebly.com/.../cell_structure.pdfCell Structure: What cells are made of Can you pick out the cells from this picture?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063014/5fce38b4f9083c3cc77225c3/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Cell Structure - Mr.Nolan's Science Classesmrnolansscienceclass.weebly.com/.../cell_structure.pdfCell Structure: What cells are made of Can you pick out the cells from this picture?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063014/5fce38b4f9083c3cc77225c3/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Cell Structure - Mr.Nolan's Science Classesmrnolansscienceclass.weebly.com/.../cell_structure.pdfCell Structure: What cells are made of Can you pick out the cells from this picture?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063014/5fce38b4f9083c3cc77225c3/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
FOUND ONLY IN PLANT CELLS
• These structures are in plant cellsonly
• Not found in animal cells
![Page 31: Cell Structure - Mr.Nolan's Science Classesmrnolansscienceclass.weebly.com/.../cell_structure.pdfCell Structure: What cells are made of Can you pick out the cells from this picture?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063014/5fce38b4f9083c3cc77225c3/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
12. Cell WallRigid outer layer, helps support cell Porous to allow material in and out
Cell
Wall
![Page 32: Cell Structure - Mr.Nolan's Science Classesmrnolansscienceclass.weebly.com/.../cell_structure.pdfCell Structure: What cells are made of Can you pick out the cells from this picture?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063014/5fce38b4f9083c3cc77225c3/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
13. ChloroplastsContains green pigment called chlorophyllSite of photosynthesis
![Page 33: Cell Structure - Mr.Nolan's Science Classesmrnolansscienceclass.weebly.com/.../cell_structure.pdfCell Structure: What cells are made of Can you pick out the cells from this picture?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063014/5fce38b4f9083c3cc77225c3/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Photosynthesis• Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plants
• It’s purpose is to convert light energy and carbon dioxide to food
Carbon dioxide + water + energy
glucose + oxygen
![Page 34: Cell Structure - Mr.Nolan's Science Classesmrnolansscienceclass.weebly.com/.../cell_structure.pdfCell Structure: What cells are made of Can you pick out the cells from this picture?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063014/5fce38b4f9083c3cc77225c3/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)