cell site design

7/25/2019 Cell Site Design

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TE 4103 SISTEM KOMUNIKASI BERGERAK

Pengenalan Cell Site Design


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Cellular Radio Access Syste

MSC

PSTN

Packet/IP

Network

BTS1/cell site 1

BTS1/cell site n


3/37

Radio !T" # R"$ Syste

% Si&'al Source( I')orasi # Base*a'd +rocessi'&,

% T"-er( Modulator. C/a''el E'coder. I'terleaer. etc,

% +A( +oer A2li)ier,% eedli'e( Ca*le. Co''ector a'd u2er,

% +re-A2( 5NA,

% R"-er( 6eodulator. C/a''el 6ecoder. 6e-I'terleaer. etc,

RxerPASignal

InformationTxer

Signal

Source

(Voice,

data, etc)

propagation

feedlineTx filter Rx filter Pre-Amp


4/37

Structure o) Tra'sitter

% BB +rocessi'&( to 2rocess a'alo& si&'al i'to di&ital si&'al # ot/er2rocessi'&

% Mod( tra'slate )ro BB )re7, To R )re7 de2e'd o' ty2e o) cellularsyste *ei'& used e,&, G-MSK odulator )or GSM,

% +oer A2(

- Class A( /i&/ li'earity

- Class B( &reater out2ut 2oer ore e))icie't t/a' Class A. *ut less li'ear

- Class AB( co*i'ed ad, o) class A # B*ecoe idely used i'ireless,

- Class C( ore 2oer e))icie'tidely used i' ireless

BB

ProcessingMod PA

Info

Signal

Jumper

Jumper

Cable

Connector

epend ont!pe of "od u#ed


5/37

Ge'eric Structure o) R"er

% Bloc8 dia&ra o) R"er aries de2e'd o' ty2e o) odulatio'. e'coder. a'd9 or *ase*a'd 2rocessi'&,

% +araeters to *e co'sidered are(

- )re7ue'cy ra'&e- dy'aic ra'&e

- se'sitiity

- distortio'

- 'oise

- tu'i'& s2eed

1

2

.

.

.

N

C$anel

%ncoderPA

ata&

Signal

filter

'umper

"ulticoupler&R i#tributor

X I

LOfeedline

Antenna

I

Rxer


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Tra'sitti'& Co*i'ers

% Allos ulti2le tra'sitters to )eedsi'&le a'te''a. 2roidi'&: Mi'iu 2oer loss )ro tra'sitter

to a'te''a: Ma"iu isolatio' *etee'

tra'sitters

% Co*i'er ty2es: Tu'ed% lo i'sertio' loss ~1-3 dB% tra'sitter )re7ue'cies ust *e

si&'i)ica'tly se2arated

: ;y*rid% i'sertio' loss -3 dB 2er sta&e

% 'o restrictio' o' tra'sitter

% )re7ue'cies: 5i'ear a2li)ier: 5i'earity a'd i'terodulatio' are

a


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% A'te''a( to co'ert electroa&'etic e'er&y )ro atos)er electrice'er&y a'd tra's)er it to )eed li'e

% eed li'e

Receier Co2o'e'ts

Jumper Cable Jumper

% ilter # +re-A2li)ier(

- ilter( to 2ass t/e a'ted si&'al # atte'uated t/e

i'ter)ere'cedesi&'ed to or8 accordi'& to t/e i'te'ded*a'ds

- +re-A2li)ier is used to i'creased S9N o) receiedsi&'als,

Connector

Jumper to ease maintenance and installation


8/37

Receier Co2o'e'ts

% Multicou2ler(

- used )or R distri*utio'

- a'y si&'als9users ca' s/are t/e sae receie a'te''a(

1 : 4

Splitter

1 : 4

Splitter

# 1

# 2

#

# 4

1 : 4

Splitter

# 1

# 14

# 1!

# 1"

Rin

signal


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+er)ora'ce Criteria o) Receiers% Sensitivity:

- a*ility to detect a ea8 si&'als. easured *y i'iu discer'i*le si&'al !M6S$,

- M6S is easured *y tur'i'& o)) t/e AGC. i'2ut a si&'al it/ correct B=. a'd

i'creasi'& t/e si&'al out2ut )ro &e'erator u'til S > N ? 3 dB /i&/er t/a' 0 /e'

t/ere is 'o si&'al,

- Se'sitiity i'cor2orate t/eral 'oise. N a'd B=. de)i'ed as(

Sen 1$ log %kTB& ' 1$ log %C(annel B)& ' N*

*$ere+ log (.T/) -01 d/m&23 for T 45oC,

/ 61 "23 and . 786 x -48J&9Sen +1,4 ' 1$ log%)& ' N*

*$ere+ : C$annel /and*idt$

e7g7 for IS-; : 748 "23

S -01 < log (748 x =) < 1 ;7 d/m

>S" : 4 .23

S -01 < log (4 x 5) < 1 -0 d/m


10/37

+er)ora'ce Criteria o) Receier% Dynamic Range

- a ra'&e o) leels o) t/e si&'al t/at receier ca' /a'dle accurately,

- *loc8i'& 6R is de)i'ed )ro M6S to 1 dB co2ressio' 2oi't,

- s2urious )ree 6R !S6R$ is de)i'ed )ro M6S to a s2eci)ied 3rd order i'terodulatio' leel,

?inear operation

Signal #lope

Spuriou# free

d!namic range

T$ird order

Intercept point

@oi#e leel

Input po*er, d/m

Input po*er

cau#ing burnoutButputpo*er,d/m

-d/ compre##ion

- e7g7 a range from -8 to -1 d/mR ; d/


11/37

+er)ora'ce Criteria o) Receier

% SINAD!signal to noise and distortion) (

( )dBDN

DNSSINAD

+

++=

% Noise? t/eral 'oise > ot/er 'oises(

a))ect oerall 2er)ora'ce o) receier

7ua'ti)ied *y Noise i&ure. N(

%Selectivity (- a easure o) 2rotectio' )ro o)) c/a''el i'ter)ere'ce,

- de2e'd u2o' )ilteri'&,

- &reater selectiity ea's *etter re


12/37

4 Basic A'te''a Syste

/2>471 d/i

= 73 a7 ipole

/4

>1 d/i

= 36 b7 monopole

>round plane

c7 ?oop

>round plane

conductoreed point

d7 "icro#trip& patc$

dielectric /2

/2


13/37

Base Statio' A'te''a

% Use a'te''a it/ /i&/er &ai'

% Could *e o'idirectio'al or sectoral de2e'di'& o' cell ty2e% Colli'ear a'te''a(

S

4

4

1

feeder

line

BmnidirectionalRadiation

Pattern

bore#ig$t

main lobe

#ide lobe

(eleation)


14/37

% Log periodic dipole array (LPDA)

Base Statio' A'te''a

ipole#Tran#mi##ion

line

- /: i# #maller t$an ?PA

-t!pical gain 4 1 d/

Reflector rien element (dipole) irector#

% Yagi antenna

irectional Radiation

Pattern

main lobe

main lobe#ide lobebac. lobe

- er! *ide /:, *it$ con#tant S:R

-t!pical gain d/i


15/37

O'i A'te''as

Colli'ear @ertical Arrays

T/e )aily o) o'i-directio'al

irelessa'te''as(% Nu*er o) elee'ts deteri'es

: +/ysical sie: Gai': Beaidt/. )irst 'ull a'&le

% Models it/ a'y elee'ts /aeery 'arro *eaidt/s: Re7uire sta*le ou'ti'& a'd

care)ul ali&'e't: *e sure 'ulls do 'ot )all i'

i2orta't coera&eareas

% Rod a'd &rid re)lectors are

soeties added )or ilddirectiity


16/37

Sector A'te''as

Re)lectors A'd @ertical Arrays

Ty2ical coercial sector a'te''as

are ertical co*i'atio's o) di2oles.

ya&is. or lo&-2eriodic elee'ts it/

re)lector !2a'el or &rid$ *ac8i'&(% @ertical 2la'e 2atter' is deteri'ed

*y 'u*er o) ertically-se2arated

elee'ts: aries )ro 1 to . a))ecti'& ai'ly

&ai' a'd ertical 2la'e *eaidt/

% ;orio'tal 2la'e 2atter' isdeteri'ed *y(: 'u*er o) /orio'tally-s2aced

elee'ts: s/a2e o) re)lectors !is re)lector: )olded$


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@ertical 6e2ressio' A'&les


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Ty2es O) 6o'tilt


19/37

A'te''a 6o'tilt


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A'te''a 6o'tilt ( Reduce

I'ter)ere'ce


21/37

A'te''a 6o'tilt ( Aoid Oers/oot


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% S=R ? @a"9@i'. de)i'e t/e atc/i'& leel *etee' a'te''a a'd)eeder li'e

% Re)lectio' coe))icie't(

,

,

+

=

SWR

SWR

4

( )4log,-Re =Lossturn

/ere re2rese't a 2erce't o) re)lected 2oer de)i'ed *y(

S=R o) A'te''a

Amplitude

Vmax

Vmin

/2


23/37

+er)ora'ce Criteria o) A'te''a

% Front to Back Ratio. is ratio *etee' ai' lo*e # *ac8 lo*e.

ery i2ota't )or directio'al a'te''a,

% Spatial diversity(

Rx4 Rx

h

d

)(685

,,feet

fx

hd =

*$ere f i# in "23


24/37

+er)ora'ce Criteria o) A'te''a% Antenna pattern. de)i'ed at aiut/ a'd eleatio' orie'tatio'eit/er

o'i or *idirectio'al a'te''a

% Main lobe & side lobe. t/e loer side lo*e t/e *etter resista'ce toi'ter)ere'ce

% Inpt impedance. usually co2le" atc/i'& i'2ut i2eda'ce a'd )eeder li'ei2eda'ce is ery critical to /ae a"iu 2oer tra's)er )ro )eeder toa'te''a

% Beam!idt"#usually de)i'ed as a'&ular se2aratio' /ere t/ere is 3 dB

reductio' )ro *ore-si&/t% Directivity & $ain#is ratio o) radiatio' i'te'sity at a'ted directio' a'd

coera&e radiatio' i'te'sity oer all directio'

% Band!idt"#de)i'e o2erati'& ra'&e o) a'te''a. liited *y S=R, A ty2icalB= is )or S=R 1(1,D at t/e *a'd ed&e,% Polari%ation#de)i'ed *y orie'tatio' o)

E

DG 7=


25/37

A'te''a I'stallatio'

a) To*er

Tx

RxRx4

d

b) Roof Top, %dge of /uildingc) Roof Top

d

Rx

Rx4Tx

d

Rx

Rx4Tx

d) :all "ounting

sector 1 Rx

Rx4

Tx2

d


26/37

A'te''a I'stallatio' Tolera'ce

% A22ly to 2/ysical orie'ted # 2lu*'ess o) its i'stallatio'

% or o'idirectio'al a'te''a. it is u''ecessary, But )or directi-o'ala'te''a it is ery critical

% Usually ta8e' >9- F )ro a'te''a /orio'tal9aiut/ 2atter',

Azimuth!orizontal Pattern "olerance #rom Bore$ight

110O >9- ,o

DO >9- 4,o

H0O >9- 3,0o

40O >9- D,0o

Ta-le: oriontal 0ntenna Tolerance


27/37

A'te''a Isolatio'

a7 ertical

Tx

Rx

>

+=

!here

dB

"I log146

c7 #lant

( )

an#leslant!here

dB$I$I"ISIo

+=

;

Tx Rx

x

b) $ori3ontal

log444

>

+=

x!here

dBx

$I


28/37

5i'8 Bud&et

TDer RDer

Txercomponent

Rxer

component

lin. budget component

pat$ lo##

6 + / 5i 8 B d t


29/37

6asar +ea/aa' 5i'8 Bud&et

+araeter ya'& /arus di2er/ati8a' 2ada 5i'8 Bud&et


30/37

+araeter ya'& /arus di2er/ati8a' 2ada 5i'8 Bud&et

1, +t" ? 6aya 2a'car BTS

D, 6aya Threshold? leel terte'tu. ter&a'tu'& dari serice ya'&di*eri8a'. da' oS ya'& dica2ai

3, M ? adi'& Mar&i'. di*eri8a'


31/37

5i'8 Bud&et : U2 5i'8

% %re&uency range' !z

% oile parameter*

- T" +A out2ut !a"$

- Ca*le loss

- A'te''a &ai'

-------- !Su*sc, ER+ a".dB$

% +n,ironmental margin*

- adi'& ar&i'- E'iro'e'tal atte'uatio'

- Cell oerla2

-------------------- !dB$

% Ba*e *tation parameter*

- R" a't, &ai' R"


32/37

5i'8 Bud&et : 6o' 5i'8

% %re&uency range' !z

% Ba*e *tation parameter*

- T" +A out2ut 2oer

- T" co*i'er loss

- T" du2le"er loss

- T" li&t/'i'& arrester loss

- T" ca*le loss

- T"


33/37

Ty2e o) Cell Site9BTS !1$

"onopole

Rx4Rx

Tx

Roof Top

Rx4Rx Tx

a& ni cell -& Sectors

Rx4

Tx

Rx

Rx4

Tx4

Rx44

Rx84

Tx8

Rx8

1

2

4o


34/37

Ty2e o) Cell Site9BTS !D$

c& " sectors

T

R

R

R

RR

R

RR R

R

R

R

T

T

T

T

T

1

2

4

!

"

d& Microcell or picocell

Traffic lig$t

"icro- or pico-cell antenna

=


35/37

Cell Site 6esi&' !1$

Site 3ali5ication Test

%S3T&

Planning and

6oning Board

Site

0ccepted7

8M* Copliance

Site acti9ation

Searc( area


36/37

Cell Site 6esi&' !D$

% $earch Area:- searc/i'& area to 2lace cell site9BTS t/at eet t/e s2eci)icatio's

- 2lot t/e 2ro2a&atio' 2at/. i'cludi'& cleara'ce

- a22i'& t/e area )or 2la''i'& # docue'tatio'

% $":- to assure t/e area is a ia*le ca'didate )or a cell site *yeasuree'ts

- i'clude a s8etc/ o) t/e locatio'. a'te''a ty2e. /ei&/t. ER+. 2at/cleara'ce.

a'd do calli*ratio'

% $ite acceptance:- i) ST is 2ositie t/e' t/e area is acce2ted to 2lace a cell site

- i) 'ot. t/e' area is re


37/37

Cell Site 6esi&' !3$

%Planning and zoning oard:- /y t/e site is 'eeded- /o t/e site ill i2roe t/e 'etor8

- drai'& t/e s8etc/ o) site

% +lectromagnetic %orce (+%) .ompliance:- EM ide'ti)y t/e source o) EM )ro t/e site itsel) a'd surrou'di'&area

- to e'sure it co2lies it/ 2erso'al sa)ety a'd &oer'e't re&ulatio'

- i'cor2orated t/e ty2e o) T"er. 2oer. )re7ue'cy ra'&e. etc

- et/od )or calculati'& EM. e,&, IEEE C,1 : 11 sta'dard

% $ite acti,ation:- /e' eery ste2s a*oe is OK. t/e cell site9BTS could *e 2laced a'dtur' o'

cell site design

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