cell reproduction (part 2)
TRANSCRIPT
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Mr. Nettles
Biology I: Cell Growth and Reproduction (Part 2)
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Today’s Objectives I will define: chromosomes,
sister chromatids, and centromere.
I will explore the stages of the cell cycle.
I will explore the phases of mitosis.
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Agenda – Thurs., Sept. 22, 2011
Warm-Up
Presentations (Homework from last night)
Lesson
Wrap-Up
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Warm-Up1. Mitosis is a form of
________________ reproduction.
2. Eukaryotes reproduce by _________________.
3. Prokaryotes reproduce by ________________.
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Research: The Cell Cycle1. Choose one of the following stages of the
cell cycle: G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase, M phase, or Cytokinesis.
2. Use the internet to research information about the stage that you have chosen.
3. Write four interesting things about what you read: What is it? (The definition) What happens? How long does it happen? What’s used? (What special cell parts or
organelles are involved)
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The Cell CycleA process by
which cells:
Grow
make copies of chromosomes
divide into new daughter cells
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The Cell CycleHas three parts:
Interphase
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
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InterphaseG1 Phase = “gap 1” phase
First growth stage
Cell gets bigger
Cell prepares to copy its DNA
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Interphase
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The set of 46 human chromosomes
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Sister Chromatids = the two identical parts on a chromosome
Centromere = the middle part that holds the sister chromatids together
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InterphaseG2 Phase = “gap 2” phase
Second growth stage
Organelles needed for Mitosis are formed
- Centrioles and Spindle Fibers
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Interphase Summary
• G1: cell growth
• S phase: DNA is copied
• G2: cell prepares for division
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M Phase (Mitosis)One division of the cell nucleus to
produce two new daughter cells
Has four phases (PMAT):- Prophase- Metaphase- Anaphase- Telophase
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1. PROPHASEChromosomes appear
Centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell
Chromosomes attach to the spindle
Nucleolus and nuclear membrane breaks down
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2. METAPHASE
Chromosomes line up at the center or (middle)
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3. ANAPHASE
Centromeres split
Sister chromatids separate to form individual chromosomes
Anaphase ends when the movement of chromosomes stops
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4. TELOPHASE
Chromosomes uncoil into chromatin
Nuclear membrane reforms
Spindle breaks apart
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5. CYTOKINESIS
• The cytoplasm of the cell divides
• Forms two daughter cells that are exactly like the parent cell (each have one complete set of chromosomes)
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Wrap-Up1. Which part of interphase involves
copying DNA?
1. Which stage of Mitosis involves chromosomes lining up at the middle?
2. What are chromosomes made up of?