cell notes. early contributions robert hooke - the first person to see cells, he was looking at cork...
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Theodor Schwann - zoologist who observed that the tissues of animals had cells (1839) Mattias Schleiden - botanist, observed that the tissues of plants contained cells (1845) Rudolf Virchow - also reported that every living thing is made of up vital units, known as cells. He also predicted that cells come from other cells. (1850 ) Early ContributionsTRANSCRIPT
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Cell Notes
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Early Contributions• Robert Hooke - The first
person to see cells, he was looking at cork and noted that he saw "a great many boxes. (1665)
• Anton van Leeuwenhock - Observed living cells in pond water, which he called "animalcules" (1673)
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• Theodor Schwann - zoologist who observed that the tissues of animals had cells (1839)
• Mattias Schleiden - botanist, observed that the tissues of plants contained cells (1845)
• Rudolf Virchow - also reported that every living thing is made of up vital units, known as cells. He also predicted that cells come from other cells. (1850 )
Early Contributions
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Cell Theory1. Every living organism is made of one or more cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function
3. All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
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Cell Types
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Prokaryotes
• Prokaryotes are very simple cells, probably first to inhabit the earth.
• Prokaryotic cells do not contain a membrane bound nucleus. DNA of bacteria is circular.
• Bacteria are prokaryotes. • Other features found in some bacteria:– Flagella - used for movement– Pilus - small hairlike structures used for attaching to
other cells– Capsule - tough outer layer that protects bacteria, often
associated with harmful bacteria
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Eukaryotic Cells• Eukaryotic cells are more advanced cells. • These cells are found in plants, animals, and protists (small unicellular "animalcules"). • The eukaryotic cell is have membrane bound
organelles
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Controlling the Cell
• Nucleus – contains DNA and acts at the control center for the cell
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Framework of the CellCytoplasm - jelly-like goo on the inside of the cell
Cytoskeleton - the internal framework of the cell
Cell membrane – outer boundary of the cell, some stuff can cross the cell membrane.
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Protein Production• The cell is like a factory. Its
product is protein which goes to body to serve different functions.
• DNA has instructions to build protein
• These instructions are sent to ribosomes
• The ribosomes build protein and send it through ER• The proteins are delivered to golgi where they are
completed and tagged for export outside the cell
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Energy in the Cell• Chloroplast (Plants ONLY) – do
photosynthesis by capturing light energy and converting it into chemical energy (sugar).
• Mitochondria (BOTH plants and animals) – do cellular respiration which breaks up sugars into a form that the cell can use as energy (ATP).
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Plant Cell• Has all the components of animal cells with
some additional structures.– Chloroplast - Uses sunlight to create food,
photosynthesis (only found in plant cells), contains green pigment chlorophyll
– Cell Wall - outside the cell membrane of plants and some bacteria, the cell wall serves as support– Central vacuole - large water container, helps
maintain a turgor (stiffness) in the plant
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Animal Cell versus Plant Cell