cell membranes including: diffusion osmosis facilitated diffusion active transport endo-, pino-, and...
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Cell Membranes
Including:DiffusionOsmosis
Facilitated DiffusionActive Transport
Endo-, Pino-, and Exo- cytosis
Cell Membrane• Also called the plasma membrane, or
"phospholipid bilayer" • Is a selectively permeable lipid bilayer
found in all cells. – Selectively permeable means some
molecules are allowed to go through and some are not.
• It contains a wide variety of biological molecules, primarily proteins and lipids, which are involved in a vast array of cellular processes
Phospholipids… …are like fats except it has a phosphate
group in place of the fatty acid. This means that phospholipids have a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail and this is important because phospholipids self assemble in water into a bi-layer.
Fluid Mosaic Model
Diffusion
• The process bywhich molecules spread from areas ofhigh concentration, to areas of low
concentration.• No energy is required • When the molecules are even
throughout a space - it is called EQUILIBRIUM
Diffusion across a membrane
Osmosis• Osmosis is the
diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane down its concentration gradient
• From an area of high water concentration to an area of lower water concentration
Osmotic Pressure
The pressure required to prevent the passage of water through a semi-permeable membrane from a region of low concentration of solutes to one of higher concentration, by osmosis.
Cell walls create this pressure this prevents plant cells from breaking
Isotonic Solution
• A solution that has the same salt concentration as the normal cells of the body and the blood.
Hypertonic Solution
• A solution with a higher salt concentration than in normal cells of the body and the blood
Hypotonic Solution
• A solution with a lower salt concentration than in normal cells of the body and the blood.
Facilitated Diffusion…
…is the spontaneous passage of molecules or ions across a biological membrane passing through specific membrane transport proteins.
Active transport…
– requires energy – Uses membrane proteins – Goes from area of low concentration
to an area of high concentration
Endocytosis……is the process by which cells absorb material (molecules such as proteins) from outside the cell by engulfing it with their cell membrane
• Two Types – Pinocytosis – Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
• Movement of liquids into the cell
Phagocytosis… movement of solids into the cell
Exocytosis• …is a cellular process where cells
eject waste products or chemical transmitters (such as hormones) from the interior of the cell.
• Exocytosis is similar in function to Endocytosis but works in the opposite direction.