cell growth, division, and reproduction. learning objectives explain the problems that growth...
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![Page 1: Cell Growth, Division, and Reproduction. Learning Objectives Explain the problems that growth causes for cells. Compare asexual and sexual reproduction](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649f1b5503460f94c301d9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cell Growth, Division, and Reproduction
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Learning Objectives Explain the problems that growth causes for cells. Compare asexual and sexual reproduction.
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Limits to Cell Size
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A Visual Analogy
Information overload
Traffic problems
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Surface-Area-to-Volume Ratio
Surface area = the amount of “covering” of the object
Volume = the amount of space inside the object; the amount of space the object takes up
SAcube = l × w × 6
Vcube = l × w × h
1 cm × 1 cm × 6 = 6 cm2
1 cm × 1 cm × 1 cm = 1 cm3
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Surface Area to Volume in Growing Cells
SA
V
24 cm2
8 cm3
SA
V
54 cm2
27 cm3
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Ratio of Surface Area to Volume in Cells
Largest ratio Smallest ratio
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Cell Growth Limitations
• Information crisis: too many demands placed on DNA
• Traffic problems: volume grows too fast relative to surface area, material exchange is insufficient
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Cell Division• Produces two daughter cells• Cell must replicate DNA before cell division.• Dividing to make more, smaller cells keeps SA to V ratio high.
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Asexual Reproduction
• A single parent produces genetically identical offspring.• New individuals form from the separation of cells.
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Sexual Reproduction
• Sexual reproduction involves the of two separate parent cells.
• Offspring inherit some genetic information from each parent.
fusion
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Comparing Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
Asexual Produce many offspring in short period Don’t need to find a mate In stable environments, genetically identical offspring thrive. If conditions change, offspring not well adapted.
Sexual Relatively fewer offspring; growth takes more time Need to find a mate In changing environments, genetic diversity can be beneficial. Offspring may be less well adapted to current conditions.