cell growth and division - denton independent school district€¦ · cell division – a cell...
TRANSCRIPT
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Cell Growth and
Division
Chapter 10
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Why Cell’s Divide . . .
As volume increases:
•More demand placed on cell’s DNA (DNA Overload)
•More difficult to bring in enough nutrients and get rid of waste (material exchange)
Surface area increases at a slower rate
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Limits on Cell Growth
Volume
•V=4/3 Pi r3
Surface area
•SA=4 Pi r2
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Cells divide rather than
grow indefinitely
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Before a cell gets too
large it undergoes . . .
Cell Division – a cell divides into two new daughter cells
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Cell Cycle and
Division
Section 10 -2
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Cell Cycle
Describes the events a cell undergoes as it grows and divides.
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Cell Cycle (phases)
G1 (primary growth phase) –cell gets bigger
S (synthesis)- DNA is replicated
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Cell Cycle (phases)
G2 (gap 2) –cell prepares to divide, organ-elles replicate
M (mitosis)- cell nucleus divides into two (PMAT)
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Cell Cycle (phases)
C (Cytokinesis)- cell cytoplasm divides resulting in two daughter cells
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Cell Cycle (phases)
Interphase- cell resting (G1, S, G2)
M Phase- Cell actively dividing (M, C)
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Cell Division (2stages)
Mitosis – nucleus splits (2 nuclei)
Cytokinesis-cytoplasm divides (2 daughter cells)
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Mitosis
The division of the cell’s nucleus.
4 Stages (PMAT)
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Prophase
Chromosomes condense
Centrioles move to opposite poles
Nuclear envelope breaks down
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Metaphase
Chromosomes line up in the middle of cell
Chromosomes connect to spindle fibers
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Anaphase
Sister chromatids separate at centromere
Sister chromatids move to opposite poles
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Telophase Chromosomes gather at opposite ends (start to unwind)
Spindles break down
Nuclear envelope re-forms
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Cytokinesis
Cytoplasm pinches in half
Result: Two identical daughter cells
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Regulating the Cell
Cycle
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Cyclins
A family of Proteins
Regulate the timing of the cell cycle
2 types: •Internal regulators
•External regulators
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Cyclins
Internal – conditions inside the cell must be met (ex DNA Replication completed)
External- inhibitors on the surface of neighboring cell prevent cell division
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Cancer
Don’t respond to signals regulating growth
Cells divide uncontrllably
•Tumors – mass of cancer cells