Cell DivisionChapter 8 pg 144-151

Most important part of cell…The instructions, DNA

◦Macromolecule – Nucleic Acid made of nucleotides – 4 different types

DNA is organized into chromosomes◦Like wrapping christmas lights

When they are copied they are held together by a centromere until they can be divided safely

Chromosome NumbersSome chromosomes determine

the sex of an organism; sex chromosomes◦Can carry other genes

Autosomes are non sex chromosomes

All organisms have a different number of chromosomes◦Humans = 46◦Cat = 32◦Dog = 78◦Lettuce = 18

Chromosome NumbersSexual vs Asexual reproduction:

◦Two or one parents ◦Two copies of everything or one

You get instructions on how to make your nose from Mom AND Dad – the SAME object but a different brand

Both give you a cell phone but one is an iphone and the other is a droid

These are called HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES

Karyotype – a picture ofyour chromosomes

◦Can detect disorders◦Identify male or female

Diploid – having two sets of chromosomes 2n

Haploid – having one set 1n

Humans Diploid = 46 Haploid = 2323 from MOM + 23 from DAD = 46More or less = bad

Cell DivisionAsexual Reproduction is called

Binary Fission◦Occurs in prokaryotic organisms

In eukaryotes, (us), there are two types of cell division◦Mitosis – occurs for growth and

repair◦Meiosis – occurs for sexual

reproduction

Cell Cycle5 parts

◦G1 – growth ◦S – synthesis of DNA◦G2 – growth and preparation◦M – Cell Division

In Mitosis: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

◦Cytokinesis – final division of the cell

G0 – cells just are; no division

MitosisProphase- nucleus dissolves, Spindle

forms between centrioles, DNA forms into chromosomes

Metaphase- chromosomes line up in middle, centrioles make it to poles

Anaphase- chromatids separate and move, cell starts to pinch

Telophase- chromosomes reach poles, spindle dissolves, nucleus forms,

Cytokinesis- cytoplasm finally divides

Vocabulary to include:

ProphaseMetaphaseAnaphaseTelophaseG0 phaseG1 phaseS PhaseG2 PhaseM PhaseBinary FissionMitosisMeiosisInterphaseCell CycleCytokinesis

Additional Vocabulary:

CentrosomesCentriolesSpindle FibersCleavage FurrowCell PlateChromosomeSister ChromatidsCentromereChromatinAutosome/Sex

ChromosomeHaploidDiploidHomologous

ChromosomesKaryotype

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