CELL DIVISION AND REPRODUCTION

Unit 7

WARMUP MARCH 13 #

Chromosome

DNA is coiled to conserve space in a structure called a

chromosome. When the DNA copies to prepare for mitosis,

the two copies are each called chromatids and are connected for a while in a

doubled chromosome.Turn in Warm-up journals today! Make sure EVERY page is NUBMERED and DATED!

CELL SURFACE AREA TO VOLUME RATIOS http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xuG4ZZ1

GbzI&feature=related

REASONS FOR CELL DIVISION 1. Maintain a workable

volume to surface area ratio; volume increases faster than surface area in cells a larger surface area: volume

ratio is preferable. 2. Growth- multicellular

organisms must increase in the number of cells to grow

3. Repair and replacement of cells lost due to injury or cell death requires cell division.

Larger surface area: volume ratio

Smaller surface area: volume ratio

WARMUP MARCH. 14TH #31

MitosisThis type of ASEXUAL cell division

makes exact copies of a cell. It is part of a cell’s life cycle, after normal growth. The

phases of mitosis are Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and

Telophase. (PMAT) One parent cell divides to become two

daughter cells.

MeiosisA form of SEXUAL

reproduction. This type of cell division creates

gametes or sex cells. These are haploid or have

½ the number of chromosomes so that the

zygote has the correct number after fertilization.

CELL REPRODUCTION VIDEOTAKE NOTES, AND YOU WILL BE SUMMARIZING WHEN WE ARE FINISHED WATCHING

DNA (3 mins) Mitosis (2:30) Mitosis Phases (2:19)

MITOSIS SONG http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=HYKesI9jL8c

EUKARYOTIC CELL CYCLE Interphase: Longest part

of the cell cycle; DNA replication takes place, carries out life functions Chromatin: condensed

DNA and proteins, (will form a chromosome)

Chromatid: identical copies of DNA making up a duplicated chromosome, attached at centromere

Doubled chromosome: nicely packaged and duplicated DNA

INTERPHASE INCLUDES G1, SYNTHESIS, G2

Here is what’s happening in each phase

MITOSIS Prophase: Chromosomes visible,

spindles form Metaphase: chromosomes move

to middle (equator) of the cell Anaphase: doubled chromosomes

separate, chromatids move to opposite ends of cell

Telophase:spindles breakdown, nuclear envelope appears

Cytokinesis: Division of cytoplasm Plant Cells: cell plate is produced

and will become cell wall Results:Results: Two identical

cells that are diploid (2n) (have two of each chromosome- one from mother and one from father)

–The diploid number for our cells is 46 chromosomes

PROBLEMS WITH MITOSIS Cancer: Uncontrolled cell

division A cancerous lung tumor Benign when it is localized

to one area, malignant whencancer cells are in blood stream and move to another part of the body

MITOSIS – CUT AND PASTE Pg. 7E Cut out the pictures and place them in the

CORRECT order on a sheet of paper. Make sure to read the directions and LABEL Write the name of each phase under the

picture. ****On ONE SIDE (plant or animal cell side)

describe what is happening in each phase

Most Wanted Chromosome - Mr. Chrom.O.Some - DUE TUESDAY! Mr. Chrom.O.Some is wanted and is in Mitosis County. You must join in on the

search for Mr. Chrom.O.Some by completing the following.  1-Draw a picture of Mr. Chrom.O.Some

Write a story/description on the where abouts and happenings of Mr. Chrom.O.Some (during cell division) Include the following words in your story, and underline the words as you use them.

Chromosome Spindle Fibers Mitosis Centromere Chromatids Cell division Chromatin

  3- Although this is a creative project/story, it should make logical sense. I should

be able to understand your story and clearly see that you understand the where abouts of a chromosome during cell division.

  4- You will be graded using the following criteria: 8 points -creativity and neatness 32 points-accuracy of story- 2 pts for each word above

(Do you have an understanding of the terms used?)

InterphaseProphaseMetaphaseAnaphaseTelophaseCytokinesisParent CellDaughter CellIdentical

TICKET OUT THE DOOR Identify the

stages of the cell cycle in the picture.

1.Interphase 2. prophase 3. metaphase 4. anaphase 5. telophase

6. List two examples of asexual reproduction and briefly EXPLAIN.7. What is one ADVANTAGE of asexual reproduction? 8. What is one DISADVANTAGE of asexual reproduction?

TYPES OF REPRODUCTION Asexual: one source of genetic

material, identical daughter cells Advantages: reproduction is fast, less

energy needed, no mate needed, Disadvantages: lack of genetic variation

(one thing could wipe out entire population)

TYPES OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Binary Fission: cell divides

into 2 equally sized cells Budding: produce smaller

cells than parents (ex. hydra and yeast)

Sporulation - produces spores

TYPES OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Vegetative

propagation: a portion of one plant produces a new identical plant

Regeneration: part of animal is repaired through cell division

DISCOVERY EDUCATION VIDEO NOTES

Write down one COMPLETE sentence OR draw a picture for each topic covered in the movie.

Introduction (2:30) Cell theory (3 mins) DNA (3 mins) Mitosis (2:30) Mitosis Phases (2:19) Bacteria and Binary fission (2 mins) Bacterial Reproduction (2 mins) Protists and Binary Fission (1:19) Budding (2 mins) Sporulation (1 min) Regeneration (2 min) Vegetative Propagation (3 mins) Parthenogenesis (1 min) Viral Reproduction (2 mins)

WARM-UP MARCH 15TH # 32

Asexual Reproduction

One parent One set of genetic

materialFast cell divisionIdentical offspring

(babies)

Sexual Reproduction

Two sets of genetic material

Slower reproductionVariation (differences)

in offspring (babies)

TICKET OUT THE DOOR 1. List two examples of asexual reproduction

and briefly EXPLAIN. 2. What is one ADVANTAGE of asexual

reproduction? 3. What is one DISADVANTAGE of asexual

reproduction? 3. How is sexual reproduction different from

asexual reproduction?

WHITEFISH MITOSIS SLIDES

TICKET OUT THE DOOR 1. Give two examples of asexual reproduction

and briefly explain. 2. How is sexual reproduction different from

asexual reproduction. 3. Disadvantages of asexual reproduction? 4. Place the phases of the cell cycle and

mitosis in the correct order and give the name of the phase.

WARMUP MARCH 15TH #32Homologous ChromosomesEach species has a specific

number of chromosomes. Humans have 46

chromosomes in 23 homologous pairs. Each

homologous pair has one chromosome from the

mother and one from the father.

Homologous chromosomes code for same traits.

Diploid and haploid

Somatic (body) cells are diploid, meaning that they

have pairs of chromosomes. When a cell undergoes meiosis to prepare for

sexual reproduction, the chromosome number must be reduced by half, creating

a haploid cell.

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Sexual: two sources of genetic material,

makes four haploid sex cells (gametes) Gametes: sperm and egg Advantages: genetic variation, Disadvantages: requires more time for

mating, risk of unfavorable genetic combinations

Fertilization

MEIOSIS:REQUIRES 2 DIVISIONS:

PHASES THE SAME AS MITOSIS

Meiosis I (1st division): Reduces the

chromosome number;

Result: 2 genetically different daughter cells

(1n) 23 chromsomes but are still doubled)

Meiosis II (2nd

division): Reduces the genetic material

Result: 4 genetically different haploid cells- these cells are GAMETES (sex cells- egg and sperm)Meiosis Animation

THE ENTIRE PROCESS OF MEIOSIS

MEIOSIS ALLOWS FOR LOTS OF VARIATION (DIFFERENCES)

Variation as a result of: Crossing Over: a part of

one chromosome can switch places with the same part another homologous chromosome .

Random Assortment: of chromosomes allows a mix of chromosomes from both parents

Random Fertilization :of any egg by any sperm allows for lots of variation

MEIOSIS SUMMARY Include the following words in a summary:

Meiosis,sexual reproductionhomologous chromosomesdiploid parent cellhaploid daughter cells4 gametescrossing-overgenetic recombinationVariation

TICKET OUT THE DOORWord BankTraits Asexual Sexual TwoFour Diploid MitosisCrossing over Interphase Haploid

1. The number of cells produced as a result of meiosis is ________.

2. Homologous chromosomes code for same ________.

3. Meiosis is used for _________ reproduction.4. The process that allows for genetic variation is

called _________ during meiosis.5. During meiosis the chromosome number must be

reduced by half, creating a ________ cell

MEIOSIS SQUARE DANCE http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=iCL6d0OwKt8&feature=related

WARM-UP MARCH 16TH #33 Crossing-Over When homologous

chromosomes pair up during prophase I of meiosis a part of one chromosome switches places with the other. Since they are coding for the same traits this process produces more variation in the offspring.

Nondisjunction

When homologous chromosomes do not separate during meiosis resulting in cells with too many or too few chromosomes.

PROBLEMS WITH MEIOSIS: Mutations: changes in

the DNA before meiosis or mitosis begins

Nondisjunction: homologous chromosomes do not separate resulting in one too many or one too few chromosomes Ex. Down syndrome :

trisomy 21

Nondisjunction Animation

Karyotype- a picture of the chromosomes

NONDISJUNCTION

COMPARISON OF MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS

TICKET OUT THE DOOR 1. How many cells are produced as a result of

Meiosis? 2. If a parent cell has 4 chromosomes and

goes through MEIOSIS, how many chromosomes would the daughter cells contain?

3. Meiosis is used for (sexual or asexual) reproduction?

4. EXPLAIN the process of crossing-over.

WARM-UPTake out pg. 92 and complete the mitosis and meiosis comparison chart

Get out case studyGet out problem solving

WARM-UP OCT.4 #27 Draw and label the following pictures.

Identify and label cells as haploid OR diploid.