cell differentiation. learning objectives describe the process of differentiation. define stem...
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Cell Differentiation
Learning Objectives
Describe the process of differentiation. Define stem cells and explain their importance. Identify the possible benefits and issues relating to stem
cell research.
Defining Differentiation
During the development of an organism, cells differentiate to
become .specialized
Store sugarTransport materials
Carry out photosynthesis
Mapping Differentiation
25 = 2? =
32
28
256
What Are Stem Cells?
Stem cells are the cells from which differentiated cells develop.
Totipotent: “can do everything”
Pluripotent: “can do most things”
unspecialized
Embryonic Stem Cells
embryonic stem cells
Adult Stem Cells
• Multipotent: “can do many things”
• Give rise to limited number of cell types
• Mainly found in bone marrow, hair follicles
• Also some in brain, heart, and skeletal muscle
Regenerative Medicine
Undifferentiated cells are used to repair or replace damaged cells and tissues.
Ethical Issues
•Human adult stem cell research is rarely controversial because of willing donors.
• Human embryonic stem cell research is controversial because arguments for and against involve ethical issues of life and death.
Cellular Reprogramming
• Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPS)
• May ultimately help society reframe the debate over use of stem cells
Dr. Shinya Yamanaka