CELL ACTIVITIESCELL ACTIVITIEScreated by Mrs. Jackson 9/2008created by Mrs. Jackson 9/2008

Cell Activities Cell Activities Include:Include:

Cell TransportCell TransportProtein SynthesisProtein SynthesisDivisionDivision

Cell TransportCell TransportSince cells are basically factories Since cells are basically factories

(of proteins), they need to get (of proteins), they need to get stuff in and out just like any stuff in and out just like any

factory. Cells use either factory. Cells use either passive passive transporttransport or or active transportactive transport to to

move substances through the move substances through the membrane.membrane.

Passive TransportPassive TransportThis type of transport This type of transport does notdoes not require cell energy require cell energy

(ATP) to occur. It takes advantage of vibrational (ATP) to occur. It takes advantage of vibrational energy of the molecules.energy of the molecules.

Two Types of Passive Transport are -

Diffusion

Osmosis

DiffusionDiffusion Small molecules move from areas of Small molecules move from areas of

high concentration to areas of low high concentration to areas of low concentrationconcentration

OsmosisOsmosis The diffusion of The diffusion of

waterwater

(green molecules (green molecules are too large to are too large to move through move through membrane)membrane)

Active TransportActive TransportThis type of transport requires cell energy (ATP) to occur. It is used to This type of transport requires cell energy (ATP) to occur. It is used to

Move molecules against the concentration gradient

Move in/out large molecules or substances.

Protein SynthesisProtein Synthesis DNA found in the cell nucleus is made up DNA found in the cell nucleus is made up

of a series of base pairs made of Adenine-of a series of base pairs made of Adenine-Thymine or Guanine-CytosineThymine or Guanine-Cytosine

A stretch of these base pairs is a geneA stretch of these base pairs is a gene

The code of a gene can be translated by The code of a gene can be translated by cell machinery into a protein in a 2 step cell machinery into a protein in a 2 step process called protein synthesis.process called protein synthesis.

Protein SynthesisProtein Synthesis TranscriptionTranscription

Occurs in the Occurs in the nucleusnucleus

Converts Converts DNA/gene code DNA/gene code into mRNA codeinto mRNA code

mRNA leaves the mRNA leaves the nucleus and nucleus and moves out to the moves out to the ribosomesribosomes

TranslationTranslation Occurs in the Occurs in the

cytoplasm at the cytoplasm at the ribosomesribosomes

Converts mRNA Converts mRNA code into a code into a sequence of sequence of amino acids.amino acids.

A long sequence A long sequence of amino acids = of amino acids = a a proteinprotein

Cell DivisionCell DivisionCells divide through two process –Cells divide through two process – MitosisMitosis MeiosisMeiosis

MitosisMitosis This type of division This type of division

produces 2 identical cells produces 2 identical cells (clones) from 1 cell.(clones) from 1 cell.

Each cell formed has the Each cell formed has the full set of chromosomes.full set of chromosomes.

Occurs during embryo Occurs during embryo development, growth, development, growth, and tissue repair (like a and tissue repair (like a cut healing)cut healing)

MeiosisMeiosis This type of division produces gametes.This type of division produces gametes. Gametes are egg or sperm cells.Gametes are egg or sperm cells. Gametes are used in reproduction.Gametes are used in reproduction. Each gamete has ½ the chromosomes as the rest of the body cells.Each gamete has ½ the chromosomes as the rest of the body cells.