ceiling fan

Prepared by -Bassam ALKHELLY KGK150006 M.Hassan Rehman KGk150008Sayed Rasool KGK150010 Khiri ELRMALI KGK150011

Ceiling Fan Motors

KGK 150006 Bassam ALKHELLY KGK 150008 M.Hassan RehmanKGK 150010 Saiyed Rasol KGK 150011 Khiri ELRMALI

8th April 2017

KXGK 6107 MODERN ELECTRICAL MACHINES Dr Che Hang Seng

2Ceiling Fan Motors

Contents

• Introduction• Motor Construction• Types of Ceiling Fans Motors “Conventional and Modern”• Ceiling Fans Motors Motor Analysis “Conventional and Modern”• Ceiling Fans Motor Speed Control “Conventional and Modern”• Ceiling Fans Modern And Conventional Motor Comparison • Ceiling Fans Modern and Conventional Speed Control

Comparison • Ceiling Fan Market Snap Shot for Housing Sector in Malaysia• Conclusion

3Ceiling Fan Motors

Introduction

• It is a type of electronic appliances that is run by an electronic motor.

• First electrically powered fans was invented in 1882 by Philip Diehl.

• Crompton Greaves Ltd is the leading manufacturer of fans.

• Fans used for comfort create a wind chill by increasing the heat transfer coefficient, but do not lower temperatures directly.

4Ceiling Fan Motors

Internal Parts of Ceiling fan:

• Selector Switch• Electric motor • Rotor • Stator • Copper winding

5Ceiling Fan Motors

Internal Parts of Ceiling fan:

6Ceiling Fan Motors

Types of motor use in ceiling fan

1. Split-phase permanent capacitor

2. Capacitor start, capacitor run 3. Shaded pole motor4. BLDC fan

7Ceiling Fan Motors

Single-phase induction motors are classified

according to the method employed to make them self-starting.

• (1) Split-phase induction motor : ( started by two phase motor action through the use of an auxiliary or starting winding)

(i) Resistance-start split-phase induction motor• (2) Capacitor motors : ( started by two phase motor

action through the use of an auxiliary and a capacitor)

(i) Capacitor-start induction run motor (ii) Capacitor run induction motor (iii) Capacitor-start and Capacitor run induction

motor• (3) Shaded-pole induction motor :(started by the

motion of the magnetic field produced by means of shading coil around A portion of the pole structure)

8Ceiling Fan Motors

Three types of Motor Load

Motor loads Description Examples

Constant torque loads

Output power varies but torque is constant Conveyors, rotary kilns, constant-displacement pumps

Variable torque loads Torque varies with square of operation speed

Centrifugal pumps, fans

Constant power loads Torque changes inversely with speed Machine tools

type split-phase Capacitor start Capacitor run Capacitor start-capacitor run

Shaded-pole

Starting torque 1.5 to 2 times 3.5 to 4.5 times 0.5 to 0.8 times 3 to 3.5 times 0.4 to 0.8 times

Starting current 6 to 8 times Smaller Smaller

power factor 0.55 to .65 0.65 to 0.75 0.8 t0 0.95 0.9 0.45 approx

Efficiency 60-65% 65 to 70% 55 to 65% 60% 35%

Power rating 1/20 to 1/2kW 1/10 to 3/4 kW 1/20 to 3/4 HP -1/8 to 3/4 HP 2.5W to 40W

Speed 287 to 700 100 rpm 100 rpm 100rpm 100rpm

9Ceiling Fan Motors

Single Phase Induction Motor Circuit Model

•forwards slip

•backwards slip

•input impedance is given as

• power flow into each part of the circuit.•air gap power is defined as the input power minus the power losses in the stator,

equivalent circuit forwards and backwards

10Ceiling Fan Motors

Steady State Circuit Model

torques Power converted

Rotational losses

Output power available on the shaft is


simulink model Capacitor-Start and Capacitor-Start-Run operation modes

motor rated defult setting1/4 HP, 110 V, 60 Hz, 1800 rpm.1Q a 110Vstator windings (main and auxiliary) rotor squirrel cages. [Rs=2.02 ohm ,Ls=7.4e-3 H] [Rr= 4.12 ohm , Lr5.6e-3 H] Lms= 0.1772 HDisconnection speeddisconnected.Default is 75.


compare their performance characteristics

Capacitor-Start Capacitor-Start-Run

13Ceiling Fan Motors © 2005 Refrigeration Training Ser

vices - E2#1 Fan Motors v1.213

To Start Winding

Motor with Centrifugal SwitchStart winding energized

Motor Speed Increases

Weights shift, disk moves back

Centrifugal SwitchFrom R

un Winding

Contacts Open

Disk

Before starting, disk pushes bar, closing contacts


BLDC motor Structure and Principle

The brushless DC motor controls speed in a closed-loop system. Based on the signal detected by the Hall Effect IC (sensor) mounted to the motor, the transistor in the drive circuit turns on and off, and the motor rotates. It is generally called a brushless DC motor

Hall effect sensor is a transducer that varies its output voltage in response to a magnetic field. They are used in brushless DC electric motors to detect the position of the permanent magnet. In the pictured wheel with two equally spaced magnets,


Functional block diagram of BLDC ceiling fan controller


Close loop speed control of BLDC motor in FAN-load application

•Actual speed of motor is compared with reference speed to control three phase inverter to adjust the terminal voltage.


Fan Speed Regulator

Conventional fan regulator (Resistive

type) Electronic fan regulator Capacitive type

(stepped) regulator


Conventional fan regulator (Resistive type)

Old ceiling fan regulators is just rectangular box having a circular knob on it. The box consists a wire wound resistor with different taps which is connected in series with the motor of the fan. Basic circuit diagram of a conventional fan regulator as shown . When the knob is at position 1, the maximum resistance is added in series with the single-phase AC motor of the fan. Thus, the voltage drop across this resistance of the regulator will be maximum and hence, a reduced voltage will be applied to the motor of the fan. When we move the knob to position 2, resistance R1- 2 will be dropped out, and only the resistance from point 2 to point 5 will be in the circuit. Hence, in this case, the voltage applied to the motor will be slightly greater than that of the previous case. Similarly, as we move knob towards right, the series resistance will decrease. When the knob is at position 5, full voltage will be applied to the motor as there is no external resistance in the circuit and hence, the speed of the fan will be maximum.


Electronic fan regulatorNowadays, fan regulators have become a lot more compact than conventional regulators .TRAIC based fan regulator and A general circuit diagram of electronic as shown in figure shown in the figure .Resistor R1 is a variable resistor (potentiometer) which is attached to a knob. This knob controls the gate current of the TRIAC, through a circuit consisting of a DIAC and a capacitor (called as firing circuit). This gate current controls the current flowing through the TRIAC, consequently controlling the power fed to the motor of the fan. Thus, the speed of the motor (fan) is controlled.


Capacitive type (stepped) regulator

The basic principle – voltage across a capacitor is given as Vc= Q/C where Q is the charge and C is the capacitance so if capacitance is increased then the voltage across the capacitor decreases allowing more voltage across the fan motor. Hence, if capacitance is increased, speed of the fan motor also increases. Actually a regulator that consists 3 capacitors of 1 μF, 2.2 μF and 3.1 μF. When the knob position is at 1, then only 2.2 μF capacitor gets connected into the circuit. For knob position 2, only 3.1 μF capacitor gets connected. For knob position 3, capacitors of 3.1 μF and 1 μF in parallel configuration are connected so that equivalent capacitance becomes 3.1+1=4.1 μF. For position 4, parallel configuration of 3.1 μF and 2.2 μF is connected. And for the maximum speed, no capacitor is connected in the circuit.


Fan Speed Regulator


Features of the Induction Motor

Induction Motor Advantages: Induction motors are simple and rugged in construction Almost 70% of the machines used in industries now a days are induction motors simple and rugged in construction can operate in any environmental condition Induction motors are cheaper in cost due to the absence of brushes, commutators, and slip rings. They are maintenance free motors unlike dc motors and synchronous motors due to the absence of brushes, commutators and slip rings

Induction Motor has disadvantage like poor starting torque and high have in rush currents. always operate under lagging power factor and speed control of induction motors are difficult.


Features of the brushless DC motor• Ceiling fan is mostly driven by the single induction motor with an efficiency of 30%.• The BLDC motor is popular now a days for a high efficiency, compactness and controllability.

Compact and powerful

Energy efficiency control

Wide range speed controlStable speed control


Fan Speed Regulator Comparison

Conventional fan regulator (Resistive

type)

Simple Butt having power

lossNeeds heat sink to

dissipate the heat of the resistors

Electronic fan regulator

InexpensivePower loss negligible But having harmonics

which may lead to cause humming sound from

the fan.

Capacitive type (stepped) regulator

nearly no power loss

There is no heating problems

the capacitor improves the power factor of the

circuit


•Malaysian Perspective on Ceiling Fan •Annual Market Potential for new housing sector

•Data :September 2016•Source : Department of Housing

•Ministy of Urban Wellbeing ,Housing and Local Government

HOUSING SCHEME TOTAL UNITS/YEAR

TOTAL PPR 102,896

TOTAL PRIVATE 470,017

TOTAL HOUSES 572,913 => 600,000/annum

Total Marke Size@2 Fans @RM100 120,000,000


Conclusion

1. Ceiling Fan is one consumer electrical product where AC/DC motors application is widely used worldwide

2. This presentation outlines

a. general technical info on Ceiling Fan Construction

b. general technical info and analysis on Single Phase induction motors used for Ceiling Fan

. Loads (Contant Torque,Variable Torque and Constant Power) . Circuit Model Analysis .Simulink Sample on Capacitor Start Run Opeartion Mode

c. general technical info and analysis on BLDC motors used for modern Ceiling Fan d. Speed Regulation Methods e. Features of AC Induction Motor and BLDC Motors f. Fan Speed Regulator Comparison in terms of relative cost, power loss and heat mitigation

g. RM 120 Million/Annum Market Potential for Ceiling Fan for new housing schemes in Malaysia thus major % of RM attributed to motors


References

http://www.ti.com/tool/TIDA-00386?DCMP=mdrvblog&HQS=hval-mdbu-imc-mdrvblog-150424-tidesigns-ceilingfan-rd-en

http://instrumentationtools.com/advantages-disadvantages-induction-motor/

• http://electricalquestionsguide.blogspot.my/2011/12/induction-motor-advantages.html

• http://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/215914/speed-control-on-a-ceiling-fan-induction-motor

• http://casablancafanrepair.com/HTMLFiles/do_it_yourself/3SpeedCommonRep/4speedInfo/SM4SpeedP1.htm

• Ministry of Urban Wellbeing, housing and local government Malaysia.


Any Questions?

ceiling fan

Engineering