cee 437 lecture 1 - university of washingtonfaculty.washington.edu/dersh/files/2008-01_intro.pdf ·...
TRANSCRIPT
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CEE 437 Lecture 1
April 1, 2008Thomas Doe
Bill Dershowitz
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Outline
Course IntroductionGeology and EngineersBrief History of GeologyGlobal StructurePlate TectonicsThe Rock Cycle and Material Differentiation
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Instructors
Thomas Doe, Golder AssociatesMS, PhD, Geology, Mining Engineering, WisconsinFractures, Fracture fluid flow, geo-characterization, in situ stressTunnels, hydroelectric projects, petroleum reservoirs, mine inflow
William Dershowitz, Golder AssociatesMS, PhD MITFractures, fluid flow and rock mass stabilityProbabilistic simulation, fracture network modelingRadioactive waste R&D, Petroleum reservoirs, mining applications (block caving)
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Class Overview
Basic Treatment of Physical GeologyEmphasis on Material PropertiesEmphasis on Pacific Northwest
Geo-CharacterizationSite CharacterizationGeophysics
Rock EngineeringGeohydrology
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Preliminary SyllabusCEE 437 Syllabus, Rev. 2008-04-03
Week Day Date Student Presentation Lecturer Quiz Project LectureTextbook -Waltham
1 Tue 1-Apr Doe Overview: Earth as an Engineering Material Ch. 1
1 Thu 3-Apr DoePlate tectonics, rock cycle, mineral introduction Ch. 9,10
2 Tue 8-Apr Dershowitz Origin and Classification of Soils Ch. 13,26,36
2 Thu 10-Apr Dershowitz Landslides and slope stability Ch. 33, 34,35
3 Tue 15-AprGeologic History of Puget Sound
DoeWeathering, Sediments and Clay Minerals
3 Thu 17-AprCoal Mines of Newcastle, Washington
Doe Glacial Sediments and Subsidence
4 Tue 22-AprGeologic History of Olympic Peninsula
Dershowitz Q1 (to 4/17)Structural Geology, Rock Deformation Ch. 6,7,8
4 Thu 24-AprGeological Issue Effecting Construction of I-5 through Seattle Dershowitz P1 Rock Fractures Handouts
5 Tue 29-AprThe Seattle Fault
West Geologic Aspects of Seismic EventsCh. 10, Handouts
5 Thu 1-May Foundations on Peat DoeRock-forming minerals; mineral deformation
6 Tue 6-May Rock Slope Stability Problems in I-90 Doe P2 Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks6 Thu 8-May Sylwester Q2 (to 5/6) Engineering Geophysics7 Tue 13-May Fracture Image Logging Technologies Doe7 Thu 15-May Doe
8 Tue 20-May Dershowitz Rock Mass ClassificationCh. 24-25, Appendix
8 Thu 22-May Dershowitz Q3 (to 5/20) P3 Slopes and Foundations in Rock Ch. 32,35,36
9 Tue 27-May Tunneling for Sound Transit Dershowitz Tunnels and Underground Openings Ch. 38-39
9 Thu 29-May Seattle Watershed Geology Dershowitz Ch. 1810 Tue 3-Jun Rock Tunnel Failures in the Alps Dershowitz Handouts10 Thu 5-Jun Dershowitz Q4 (to 6/3) P4 Leftovers Ch. 27,37,40
Ch. 3-4, 13-17, (28-30)
Site Characterization Techniques Ch. 19-23
Ch. 2-5
Groundwater and Geologic Settings
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What We Can and Can’t Do
Cannot doProvide enough to pass the state engineering geology testProvide a comprehensive engineering geology curriculum
Can doProvide an appreciation of the importance of geology in engineeringProvide a good overview of issues of Pacific Northwest significance
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Course Grading
Quizzes (4 drop 1) 25%Projects 30%Field Trip 20%Presentation 10%Class Participation 10%Engineer as Artist Notes 5%
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Geology SubdivisionsAcademic – earth history and fundamental processes
Mineralogy, Petrology – Rocks, mineral and originsStratigraphy – classification and definition of beds (sedimentary)Structure/Tectonics – earth structure and originsGeochemistryGeophysicsGeomorphology
Applied – applications to specific industries, engineering and environment
Petroleum Geology/GeophysicsEconomic Geology (Minerals)Environmental Geology (geophysics, geochemistry)HydrogeologyEngineering Geology (geophysics, geochemistry)
Geo-engineeringGeotechnical Engineering – Soil MechanicsRock Mechanics – as it saysGeological Engineering
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Three Uses of Geology in Engineering
Evaluate and predict the distribution of materials with specific engineering properties
Subsurface evaluation – uncertainty and propertiesAvailability of materials
Evaluate the actions of geologic processes on engineering structures
SeismicFloodSlopes
Evaluate the impact on engineering development on human and natural environments
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What is Engineering Geology?Critical Question: How do geomaterials perform? How do they move?Granular materials
River sedimentsGlacial sedimentsSoilsWeathered Materials
Hard RockRock properties usually secondary (except deep mining and excavation concerns)Fractures and discontinuities
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Rock as and Engineering Material
HeterogeneousHighly variable
Treat probabilistically, probability density functionsTreat with geologic insight
AnisotropicDirectional
Strength, elastic constants vary with directionTreat using tensor properties
Scale DependentMineral/Crystalline scaleRock Sample ScaleRock Mass Scale
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Heterogeneity
Rock properties vary from location to location (sometimes very drastically)Reduce by explorationTreat mathematically by probabilistic methodsReduce through geologic insight
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Anisotropy
Depends on scaleMineral propertiesRock fabric/textureRock fracturing
Properties affectedPermeabilityStrengthElastic properties
Represent properties as tensors
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Scale Effects
Behavior depends on the scale of critical processBehavior depends on what aspect of geology controls critical behaviors
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Differentiation
Geologic processes work by differentiationCrustal-scale processesMagmatic differentiationSedimentary differentiation
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Case Study – Snoqualmie Rock Slope Failures
Rock slide on I-90, September 11500 cubic yardsThree fatalitiesInterstate closure for over 12 hours
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Why Did it Fail Now?
Why was it stable?Fracture roughnessFracture persistence
Why did it fail?Water inflow/pore pressureWeathering degradationBad luck?