ce6461 fm lab manual
TRANSCRIPT
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KAMARAJ COLLEGE OFENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY(Accredited By NBA, AICTE, New Delhi)
S.P.G.Chidambara Nadar C.Nagammal Campus,
S.P.G.C.Nagar, Virudhunagar 626 001.
DEPAR!EN "# !EC$AR"N%CS
&A'"RA"R( !AN)A&
CE 6461 FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY LAB
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INDEX
Ex.
No.
Title of the ExperimentPage
No.
1 Orifice meter 4
2 Venturimeter 7
3 Rotameter 10
4 riction actor 13
! "entrifugal Pump 1#
# Reciprocating Pump 1$
7 %ear Pump 22
& Pelton 'heel 2!
$ ranci( Tur)ine 2&
10 *aplan Tur)ine 31
SUBJECT CODE: CE 6461
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SUBJECT NAME:FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY LAB
SYLLABUS
1. +etermination of the coefficient of ,i(charge of gi-en
Orifice meter.
2. +etermination of the coefficient of ,i(charge of gi-en
Venturimeter.
3. "alculation of the rate of flo u(ing Rotometer.
4. +etermination of friction factor for a gi-en (et of pipe(.
!. To ,etermine the characteri(tic( cur-e( of"entrifugal pump / (u)mergi)le pump.
#. To ,etermine the characteri(tic( cur-e( of Reciprocating
pump.
7. To ,etermine the the characteri(tic( cur-e( of %ear pump.
&. To ,etermine the the characteri(tic( cur-e( of Pelton
heel.
$. To ,etermine the the characteri(tic( cur-e( of ranci(
tur)ine.
10. To ,etermine the the characteri(tic( cur-e( of *aplan
tur)ine.
*
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EX. NO : 1
TO DETERMINE THE CO EFFICIENT OF DISCHARGE USING ORIFICE
METER
AIM: To ,etermine the co efficient of ,i(charge u(ing Orifice meter apparatu(.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. "lo(e, circuit orifice meter.
2. top atch.
MAIN PARTS:
1. ump tan.
2. ea(uring tan
3. Pump (et.
4. Pipe line(.
DESCRIPTION OF THE MAIN PARTS
P TN* :
The (uita)le capacit5 (ump tan ma,e )5 mil, (teel to (tore (ufficient ater
circulate( in,epen,entl5 through the unit. 6n(i,e of the tan i( line, )5 RP. 6t i(
ha-ing a ,rain arrangement to ,rain the ater hene-er the unit i( i,le. The (ump
tan i( place, on an iron (tan,.
ER6N% TN*
The (uita)le capacit5 mea(uring tan i( ma,e of mil, (teel ith RP lining
an, ,rain -al-e8 pie9ometer8 gla(( tu)e8 (cale arrangement.
PP ET
: ;P8 (ingle pha(e mono )loc pump (et of (i9e 1< =1< (uita)le to pump
the ater throughout the unit for in,epen,ent circulation.
+
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P6PE >6NE
To %.6. pipe line( of (i9e 2!mm an, 20mm ith fitting( an, control
-al-e( an, pre((ure tapping8 PV" ho(e( to connect manometer.
NOETER 1m ,ifferential u?tu)e manometer ith mercur5 pro-i,e, to mea(ure the
,ifferential hea, from orifice meter. common unit ha-ing (eparate -al-e( for
taing rea,ing either )5 2!mm or 20mm pipe line.
SPECIFICATION FOR ORIFICE METER
Pipe +iameter @ 2! mm Pipe +iameter @ 20 mm
Orifice ,ia ,1 @ 17.20 mm Orifice ,ia ,1 @ 13.&0 mmTABULATION
Sl.
No
Manomete
ea!"n#$ %mm& o'
H#
T(eoet")al
!"$)(a#e m*+ $e)
Qt
T"me ta,en
'o 1- )m
a"$e o'
ate $e)
A)t/al
!"$)(a#e
m*+ $
Qa
C!0Qa+Qt
(1 (
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OR>
1. Theoretical ,i(charge @ At@ Ba1 ? a2C D2gh in m3/(ec DBa1 ? a2C
'here h @ Bh1?h2C=10.3 in mm 7#02. ctual ,i(charge Aa @ ; / T mF/(
'here @ rea of mea(uring tan.
;@ Rai(e of ater le-el B10cmC
T @ Time taen for G;< rai(e of ater.
3. "o? efficient of ,i(charge ",@ Aa/ At.
PRO"E+RE
1. Hefore (tarting the experiment chec the initial in(pection( )efore ,oing the
experiment(.
2. itch on the poer (uppl5 an, gra,uall5 open the gate -al-e of the orifice
meter pipe line an, manometer coc(. ill the ater in the manometer gla(( to
remo-e the air.
3. Note ,on the manometer rea,ing( h1 Ih2. Tae the ,ifferential -alue hile
ta)ulating.4. "lo(e the ,rain -al-e of the mea(uring tan .Tae the time taen for 10 cm
rai(e of ater in the pie9ometer )5 mean( of (top cloc.
!. ,Ju(t the 2!mm gate -al-e for next rea,ing( .Repeat the (ame proce,ure for
20mm -al-e too.
#. H5 u(ing manometer rea,ing e fin, out the theoretical ,i(charge an, )5
mea(uring tan fin, out the actual ,i(charge.
7. +ra the graph )eteen Aact V( -h 8 an, fin, the coefficient of ,i(charge from thegraph.
RE>T
6
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EX. NO:
TO DETERMINE THE CO EFFICIENT OF DISCHARGE USING 2ENTURI
METER
AIM: To ,etermine the co efficient of ,i(charge u(ing Venturimeter apparatu(.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. "lo(e, circuit Venturi meter.
2. top atch.
MAIN PARTS:
1. ump tan.
2. ea(uring tan3. Pump (et.
4. Pipe line(.
DESCRIPTION OF THE MAIN PARTS
P TN* :
The (uita)le capacit5 (ump tan ma,e )5 mil, (teel to (tore (ufficient ater
circulate( in,epen,entl5 through the unit. 6n(i,e of the tan i( line, )5 RP. 6t i(ha-ing a ,rain arrangement to ,rain the ater hene-er the unit i( in i,le. The
(ump tan i( place, on an iron (tan,.
ER6N% TN*
The (uita)le capacit5 mea(uring tan ma,e of mil, (teel ith RP lining
an, ,rain -al-e8 pie9ometer8 gla(( tu)e8 (cale arrangement.
PP ET
: ;P8 (ingle pha(e mono )loc pump (et of (i9e 1< =1< (uita)le to pump
the ater throughout the unit for in,epen,ent circulation.
P6PE >6NE
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To %.6. pipe line( of (i9e 2!mm an, 20mm ith fitting( an, control
-al-e( an, pre((ure tapping(8 PV" ho(e( to connect manometer.
NOETER
1m ,ifferential u?tu)e manometer ith mercur5 pro-i,e, to mea(ure the,ifferential hea, from Venturi meter. common unit ha-ing (eparate -al-e( for
taing rea,ing either )5 2!mm or 20mm pipe line.
SPECIFICATION FOR 2ENTURI METER
Venturi meter (i9e 2!mm
Throat (i9e 14.7$mm
TABULATION
Sl.
No
Manomete
ea!"n#$ %mm& o'
H#T(eoet")al
!"$)(a#e m*+ $e)
Qt
T"me ta,en
'o 1- )m
a"$e o'
ate $e)
A)t/al
!"$)(a#e
m*+ $e)
Qa
C!0Qa+Qt
(1 (
OR>
1. Theoretical ,i(charge @ At@ a1?a2D2gh in m3/(ec
/
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Da1 ? a2'here h @ Bh1?h2C =10.3 in mm 7#0
2. ctual ,i(charge Aa@ ; / T mF/(
'here @ rea of mea(uring tan. ;@ Rai(e of ater le-el B10cmC
T @ Time taen for G;< rai(e of ater.
3. "o? efficient of ,i(charge ",@ Aa/ At.
PRO"E+RE
1. Hefore (tarting the experiment chec the initial in(pection( )efore ,oing the
experiment(.
2. itch on the poer (uppl5 an, gra,uall5 open the gate -al-e of the Venturimeter pipe line an, manometer coc(. ill the ater in the manometer gla(( to
remo-e the air.
3. Note ,on the manometer rea,ing( h1 Ih2. Tae the ,ifferential -alue hile
ta)ulating.
4. "lo(e the ,rain -al-e of the mea(uring tan .Tae the time taen for 10 cm
rai(e of ater in the pie9o meter )5 mean( of (top cloc.
!. ,Ju(t the 2!mm gate -al-e for next rea,ing( .Repeat the (ame proce,ure for20mm -al-e too.
#. H5 u(ing manometer rea,ing e fin, out the theoretical ,i(charge an, )5
mea(uring tan fin, out the actual ,i(charge.
7. +ra the graph )eteen Aact V( -h 8 an, fin, the coefficient of ,i(charge from the
graph.
RE>T
EX. NO: *
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TO DETERMINE THE CO EFFICIENT OF DISCHARGE USING ROTAMETER
APPARATUS
AIM:
To ,etermine the co efficient of ,i(charge u(ing Rotameter apparatu(.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. "lo(e, circuit orifice meter.
2. top atch.
MAIN PARTS:
1. ump tan.
2. ea(uring tan
3. Pump (et.
4 Pipe line(.DESCRIPTION OF THE MAIN PARTS
P TN* :
The (uita)le capacit5 (ump tan ma,e )5 mil, (teel to (tore (ufficient ater
circulate( in,epen,entl5 through the unit. 6n(i,e of the tan i( line, )5 RP. 6t i(
ha-ing a ,rain arrangement to ,rain the ater hene-er the unit i( in i,le. The
(ump tan i( place, on an iron (tan,.
ER6N% TN*
The (uita)le capacit5 mea(uring tan ma,e of mil, (teel ith RP lining
an, ,rain -al-e8 pie9ometer8 gla(( tu)e8 (cale arrangement.
PP ET
: ;P8 (ingle pha(e mono )loc pump (et of (i9e 1< =1< (uita)le to pump
the ater throughout the unit for in,epen,ent circulation.
P6PE >6NE
10
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To %.6. pipe line( of (i9e 2!mm an, 20mm ith fitting( an, control
-al-e( an, pre((ure tapping(8 PV" ho(e( to connect manometer.
NOETER 1m ,ifferential u?tu)e manometer ith mercur5 pro-i,e, to mea(ure the
,ifferential hea, from orifice meter. common unit ha-ing (eparate -al-e( for
taing rea,ing either )5 2!mm or 20mm pipe line.
SPECIFICATION FOR ROTA METER
Rotameter (i9e 2!mm
Range !000>P;.
TABULATION
Sl.
No
T(eoet")al !"$)(a#e
m*+ $e) Qt(
T"me ta,en 'o 1-
)m a"$e o' ate "n
t(e )olle)t"n# tan,3t
$e)
A)t/al !"$)(a#e
Qa) m*+ $
Co4e''")"ent o'
!"$)(a#e3 C!
l5m m6+ $e)
OR>
11
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1. Theoretical Bin,icate,C ,i(charge of the rotameter @ K L lpm.2. Theoretical ,i(charge Ath @ K / #08000 mF /(ec
3. ctual ,i(charge 8 Aac @ h / t mF/(
4. "o? efficient of ,i(charge ",@ Aact/ At.
!. M of error @ BAt.?AactC/Aact 100
PRO"E+RE
1. itch on the motor an, the ,eli-er5 -al-e i( opene,
2. ,Ju(t the ,eli-er5 -al-e to control the rate in the pipe
3. et the flo rate in the Rotometer8 for example (a5 !0 litre( per minute
4. Note ,on the time taen for 10 cm ri(e in collecting tan
!. Repeat the experiment for ,ifferent (et of Rotometer rea,ing(#. Ta)ular column i( ,ran an, rea,ing( are note,
7. %raph i( ,ran )5 plotting AtheV( percentage error of the Rotometer
RE>T
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EX NO: 7
TO DETERMINE THE FRICTION FACTOR FOR THE GI2EN SET OF PIPES
AIM:
To ,etermine the friction factor for the gi-en (et of pipe(.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. "lo(e, circuit orifice meter.2. top atch.
MAIN PARTS:
1. ump tan.2. ea(uring tan3. Pump (et.4. Pipe line(.!. anometer.
DESCRIPTION OF THE MAIN PARTS
P TN* : The (uita)le capacit5 (ump tan ma,e )5 mil, (teel to (tore (ufficient
ater circulate( in,epen,entl5 through the unit. 6n(i,e of the tan i( line, )5 RP.
6t i( ha-ing a ,rain arrangement to ,rain the ater hene-er the unit i( in i,le. The(ump tan i( place, on an iron (tan,.
ER6N% TN*The (uita)le capacit5 mea(uring tan ma,e )5 mil, (teel to mea(ure the
Kualit5 of ater pump )5 the (u)mer(i)le pump at -ariou( ,eli-er5 hea,(. 6tha-ing the arrangement to pro-i,e the gauge gla(( an, (cale arrangement. 6t al(oha( a arrangement to ,rain the ater to the (ump tan. The hole arrangement i(place, on the (ump tan.PP ET
: ;P8 (ingle pha(e mono )loc pump (et of (i9e 1< =1< (uita)le to pumpthe ater throughout the unit for in,epen,ent circulation.
P6PE >6NE To %.6. pipe line( of (i9e 2!mm an, 20mm ith fitting( an, control
-al-e( an, pre((ure tapping(8 PV" ho(e( to connect manometer.
1*
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NOETER 1/2m ,ifferential manometer ith mercur5 pro-i,e, to mea(ure the
,ifferential hea,.
TABULATION
Sl.
No
D"''eent"al
Manomete ea!"n#$
%mm& o' H#Lo$$ o'
(ea! H
T"me
ta,en 'o
1- )m
a"$e o'
ate $e)
D"$)(a#e
o' ate
Q
2elo)"t8
o' ate
9;
2elo)"t8
(ea! ('Da)8 %$
)on$tant(1 ( X0
1. ;f @ fl-/ 2g,.
'here hf @ anometer ,ifference in BmC of ater. @ riction factor
> @ length of the pipe. B+i(tance( )eteen topre((ure(
tapping in mC V@ Velocit5 of flo Bm/(C
%@ cceleration ,ue to gra-it5 B$.&1 m/ (C +@ +iameter of the pipe BmC
anometer hea, h @ h1?h2 m Bmm of ;g.Canometer hea, in m of ater h=10.3
7#0
2. ctual ,i(charge A @ h / T mF/(
1+
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'here @ rea of mea(uring tan. ; @ Rai(e of ater le-el B10cmC
T @ Time taen for G;< rai(e of ater.
3. rea of the pipe BaC @ Q, m
4'here ,@ ,iameter of pipe in GmT
EX. NO: >
1
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TO DETERMINE THE CHARACTERISTICS CUR2ES OF CENTRIFUGAL
PUMP
AIM:
To ,etermine the characteri(tic( cur-e( of centrifugal pump.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. "lo(e, circuit centrifugal pump.
2. top atch.
MAIN PARTS:
1. ump tan.
2. ea(uring tan
3. "entrifugal pump.
4. Electric motor.
!. Panel )oar,.
#. Pipe fitting.
DESCRIPTION OF THE MAIN PARTS
P TN*:
The (uita)le capacit5 (ump tan ma,e )5 mil, (teel to (tore (ufficient atercirculate( in,epen,entl5 through the unit. 6n(i,e of the tan i( line, )5 RP. 6t i(
ha-ing a ,rain arrangement to ,rain the ater hene-er the unit i( in i,le. The
(ump tan i( place, on an iron (tan,.
ER6N% TN*
The (uita)le capacit5 mea(uring tan ma,e of mil, (teel to mea(ure at the
-ariou( ,eli-er5 hea,(. 6t ha-ing the arrangement to pro-i,e the gauge gla(( an,
(cale arrangement. The mea(uring tan place, on a (tan,.
"ENTR6%> PP
pump of (i9e 2! = 2! mm to ,i(charge a)out #0 >P at !m hea,8
pipeline ith gun metal foot -al-e Igate -al-e.16
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P6PE 6TT6N%
1< ,eli-er5 pipe fitting(8 pre((ure gauge ith coc( an, a control -al-e. 1NO
Pre((ure gaugerea,ing g/ cm
Vaccumgauge rea,ingmm of ;g
Totalhea, m
Time for 10cm rai(e ofoil (ec
+i(chargemF/(ec
Timetaen for! flicingof light(ec.
6nputpoer
Out putpoer
EM
1
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OR>
1. Total hea, ;@ BPre((ure gauge rea,ing x 10C SB-accum gauge
rea,ing x 10.3/7#0C S +atum hea, BmC
2. +i(charge A @ h / T mF/('here @ rea of mea(uring tan.
; @ Rai(e of ater le-el B10cmC
T @ Time taen for G;< rai(e of ater.
3. Output poer @ A; * here B @ $.&1C
4. 6nput poer @ L /t = 3#00/ E" =0.& *
'here L @ Num)er of illuminate, of light.
T @ Time taen for GL< illumination. E" @ Energ5 meter con(tant 3200lmp/ hr.
0.& @ Efficienc5 of motor B&0 MC
!. Efficienc5 of the pump @ output poer / input poer =100
PRO"E+RE
1. Hefore (tarting the pump chec all the Joint( are tight an, lea proof.
2. fter all initial (tep( here taen (tart the pump an, open the gauge coc(.
3. "lo(e the ,eli-er5 -al-e an, tae the rea,ing( on the pre((ure gauge.
4. No clo(e the ,eli-er5 -al-e of the mea(uring tan 8 the ater le-el increa(e(
in the gauge gla((. No (tart the (top cloc an, note ,on the time taen for
10 cm rai(e of the ater le-el.
!. Time taen for ! flicering of light on the energ5 meter al(o note, )5 the (top
cloc.
#. The hole proce,ure i( repeate, for ,ifferent ,eli-er5 hea,(.7. plot the graph( on the (ame axi(
BiC ;mof ;2o V( A
BiiC ; V( A BiiiC 6nput poer V( A
RE>T
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EX NO: ?
TO DETERMINE THE CHARACTERISTICS CUR2ES OF RECIPROCATING
PUMP
AIM: To ,etermine the characteri(tic( cur-e( of Reciprocating pump.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. "lo(e, circuit reciprocating pump2. top atch.
MAIN PARTS:
1. ump tan.2. ea(uring tan3. "entrifugal pump.4. Electric motor.!. Panel )oar,.#. Pipe fitting.
DESCRIPTION OF THE MAIN PARTS
P TN* :
The (uita)le capacit5 (ump tan ma,e )5 mil, (teel to (tore (ufficient atercirculate( in,epen,entl5 through the unit. 6n(i,e of the tan i( line, )5 RP. 6t i(ha-ing a ,rain arrangement to ,rain the ater hene-er the unit i( in i,le. The(ump tan i( place, on an iron (tan,.
ER6N% TN*The (uita)le capacit5 mea(uring tan ma,e of mil, (teel to mea(ure at the
-ariou( ,eli-er5 hea,(. 6t ha-ing the arrangement to pro-i,e the gauge gla(( an,(cale arrangement. The mea(uring tan place, on a (tan,.
RE"6PRO"T6N% PP pump of (i9e 2! = 20 mm to ,i(charge a)out 20 >P at 40m hea,8
pipeline ith gun metal foot -al-e Igate -al-e.
P6PE 6TT6N%
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3/4< ,eli-er5 pipe fitting(8 pre((ure gauge ith coc( an, a control -al-e.1< (uction pipe con(i(t of (uction pipe an, fitting(8 -accum gauge ith coc( an,PV" (trainer foot -al-e. ll fitting( connecte, ith the reciprocating pump.
PNE> HOR+ RRN%EENT
6t con(i(t of a (ingle pha(e ,ou)le pole on /off (itch to (tart the motor. nenerg5 meter pro-i,e, to mea(ure the input poer to the motor )5 num)er ofthicening of light hich i( pro-i,e, ith the energ5 meter.
PE"66"T6ON
ENER% ETER "ONTNT @ 3200 lpm/ .hr.
TABULATION
SL
NO
Pe$$/e
#a/#e ea!"n#
,#+ )m@
2a)//m
#a/#e
ea!"n# %mm&
o' H#
Total
(ea!
%m&
T"me 'o 1-
)m a"$e o'
ate $e)
D"$)(a#e
m6+$e)
T"me
ta,en
'o >
'l"),"n#
o' l"#(t
$e).
In5/t
5oe
O/t 5/t
5oe
E''")"en)8
1. Total hea, ;@ BPre((ure gauge rea,ing=10C S B-acuum gauge
rea,ing= 10. 3/7#0C S +atum hea, BmC
2. +i(charge A @ h / T mF/(
'here @ rea of mea(uring tan. ; @ Rai(e of ater le-el B10cmC
T @ Time taen for G;< rai(e of ater.3. Output poer @ A; * here B@ $.&1C
20
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4. 6nput poer @ L /t = 3#00/ E" =0.& * 'here L @ Num)er of illuminate, of light. T @ Time taen for GL< illumination.
E" @ Energ5 meter con(tant 3200lmp/ hr.0.& @ Efficienc5 of motor B&0 MC
!. Efficienc5 of the pump @ output poer / input poer =100
PRO"E+RE
1. Hefore (tarting the pump chec all the Joint( are tight an, lea proof.
2. fter all initial (tep( here taen (tart the pump an, open the gauge coc(.
3. "lo(e the ,eli-er5 -al-e an, tae the rea,ing( on the pre((ure gauge.
4. No clo(e the ,eli-er5 -al-e of the mea(uring tan 8 the ater le-el increa(e( in the
gauge gla((. No (tart the (top cloc an, note ,on the time taen for 10 cm rai(e
of the ater le-el.
!. Time taen for ! flicering of light on the energ5 meter al(o note, )5 the (top cloc.
#. The hole proce,ure i( repeate, for ,ifferent ,eli-er5 hea,(.
7. Plot the graph on (ame axi( BiC ;mV( A BiiC oV( A BiiiC 6nput poer V( A
RE>T
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EX NO:
TO DETERMINE THE PERFORMANCES CHARATERISTICS CUR2ES OF
GEAR PUMP
AIM:
To ,etermine the performance( characteri(tic( cur-e( of gear pump.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. "lo(e, circuit gear oil pump te(t rig.
2. top atch.
MAIN PARTS:
1. ump tan.2. ea(uring tan3. %ear pump.4. Electric motor.!. Panel )oar,.#. Pipe fitting.
DESCRIPTION OF THE MAIN PARTS
P TN* :
The (uita)le capacit5 (ump tan ma,e )5 mil, (teel to (tore (ufficient atercirculate( in,epen,entl5 through the unit. 6n(i,e of the tan i( line, )5 RP. 6t i(ha-ing a ,rain arrangement to ,rain the ater hene-er the unit i( in i,le. The(ump tan i( place, on an iron (tan,.
ER6N% TN* The (uita)le capacit5 mea(uring tan ma,e of mil, (teel to mea(ure at the -ariou(,eli-er5 hea,(. 6t ha-ing the arrangement to pro-i,e the gauge gla(( an, (calearrangement. The mea(uring tan place, on a (tan,.
%ER PP%ear pump i( a ,e-ice( to compre(( the oil for a particular pre((ure
B,eli-er5 hea,C an, ,i(charge particular Kuantit5 of oil. 6t i( a po(iti-e,i(placement of pump (o e increa(e the ,eli-er5 hea, it continuou(l5 (uppl5 theoil. Thi( gear pump i( ,e(igne, for100m hea, an, !0 lpm ,i(charge. 6t i( ,irectl5couple, to motor )5 a lo-e Jo5 coupling. The pump run( at 1440 rpm.
22
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OTOR n in,uction motor of 1 ;P capacit5 8 1440 rpm (ingle pha(e i( couple, to
gear pump. The pump an, motor place, on a (tur,5 iron (tan,.
P6PE 6TT6N%1< ,eli-er5 pipe fitting(8 pre((ure gauge ith coc( an, a control -al-e. 1. PERCENTAGE EFFICIENC:
Efficienc5 @ H.;.P x 100 / 6.;.P B MC
2/
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DESCRIPTION:
o,ern ranci( tur)ine in an inar, mixe, flo reaction tur)ine it i( a me,ium
hea, tur)ine. ;ence it reKuire, me,ium Kuantit5 of ater. The ater un,er pre((ure from
the pen(toc enter( the (Kuirrel ca(ing. The ca(ing completel5 (urroun,( the (erie( of
fixe, -ane(. The gui,e( -ane( ,irect the ater on to the runner. The ater enter( therunner of the tur)ine in the ,ial ,irection at outlet an, lea-e( in the axial ,irection at the
inlet of the runner. Thu( it i( a mixe, flo tur)ine.
PROCEDURE:
1.The ranci( tur)ine i( (tarte,
2. ll the eight( in the hanger are remo-e,
3.The pre((ure gauge rea,ing i( note, ,on an, thi( i( to )e maintaine, con(tant
for ,ifferent loa,( 4. Pre((ure gauge rea,ing i( note, ,on
!. The -enturimeter rea,ing an, (pee, of tur)ine are note, ,on
#.The experiment i( repeate, for ,ifferent loa,( an, the rea,ing are ta)ulate,.
TABULATION
S.
No
Del"e8 (ea! H#(0
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The folloing graph( are ,ran
BiCH;P B-(.C 6;P
BiiCH;P B-(.C (pee,
BiiiCH;P B-(.C M efficienc5
RESULT :
E No: 1-
TO DETERMINE THE PERFORMANCES CHARATERISTICS CUR2ES OF
APLAN TURBINE
AIM:
*0
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To (tu,5 the characteri(tic( of a *aplan tur)ineDESCRIPTION:
*aplan tur)ine i( an axial flo reaction tur)ine u(e, in ,am( an, re(er-oir( of
lo height to con-ert h5,raulic energ5 into mechanical an, electrical energ5. The5 are
)e(t (uite, for lo hea,( (a5 from 10m to ! m. the (pecific (pee, range( from 200 to1000
The tur)ine te(t rig con(i(t( of a 3.72 *' B! ;pC tur)ine (upplie, ith ater
from a (uita)le 20 ;p mixe, flo pump through pipeline(8 (luice -al-e8 an, a flo
mea(uring orifice meter. The tur)ine con(i(t( of a ca(t?iron )o,5 ith a -olute ca(ing8
an, axial flo gunmetal runner ith a,Ju(ta)le pitch -ane(8 a ring of a,Ju(ta)le gui,e
-ane( an, ,raft tu)e. The runner con(i(t( of four num)er( of a,Ju(ta)le -ane( of aerofoil
(ection. The(e -ane( can )e a,Ju(te, )5 mean( of a regulator8 hich change( the inlet an,outlet angle( of the runner -ane( to (uit the operating con,ition(. The maring at the
outer en, of the (haft in,icate( the amount of opening the -ane(. The gui,e -an can )e
rotate, a)out their axi( )5 mean( of han, heel an, the po(ition in,icate, )5 a pair of
,umm5 gui,e -ane( fixe, out(i,e the tur)ine ca(ing. rope )rae ,rum i( mounte, on
the tur)ine (haft to a)(or) the poer ,e-elope,. uita)le ,ea, eight( an, a hanger
arrangement8 a (pring )alance an, cooling ater arrangement i( pro-i,e, for the )rae
,rum.
'ater un,er pre((ure from pump enter( through the -olute ca(ing an, the gui,ing
-ane( into the runner hile pa((ing through the (piral ca(ing an, gui,e -ane( a partof
the pre((ure energ5Bpotential energ5C i( con-erte, into -elocit5 energ5Binetic energ5C.
'ater thu( enter( the runner at a high -elocit5 an, a( it pa((e( through the runner -ane(8
the remaining potential energ5 i( con-erte, into inetic energ5 ,ue to cur-ature of the
-ane( the inetic energ5 i( tran(forme, in to mechanical energ58 i.e.8 the ater hea, i(
con-erte, into mechanical energ5 an, hence the num)er rotate(. The ater from the
runner i( then ,i(charge, into the tailrace. Operating gui,e -ane al(o can regulate the
,i(charge through the runner.
The flo through the pipeline( into the tur)ine i( mea(ure, ith the office meter
fitte, in the pipeline. mercur5 manometer i( u(e, to mea(ure the pre((ure ,ifference
acro(( the orifice meter. The net pre((ure ,ifference acro(( the tur)ine output torKue i(
*1
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mea(ure, ith a pre((ure gauge an, -acuum gauge. The tur)ine output torKue i(
,etermine, ith the rope )rae ,rum. tachometer i( u(e, to mea(ure the rpm.
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:
1.*eep the runner -ane at reKuire opening
2.*eep the gui,e -ane( at reKuire, opening
3.Prime the pump if nece((ar5
4."lo(e the main (luice -al-e an, them (tart the pump.
!.Open the (luice -al-e for the reKuire, ,i(charge hen the pump motor (itche( from
(tar to ,elta mo,e.
#.>oa, the tur)ine )5 a,,ing eight( in the eight hanger. Open the )rae ,rum cooling
ater gate -al-e for cooling the )rae ,rum.7. ea(ure the tur)ine rpm ith tachometer
&. Note the pre((ure gauge an, -acuum gauge rea,ing(
$. Note the orifice meter pre((ure rea,ing(.
TH>T6ON
.No
onometer Rea,ingpee,RP
pring )alance+i(charge
ATorKueNm
6nputPoerB*'C
OutputPoerB*'C
Efficienc5
h1cm of ;g
h2cm
of ;g
>oa,'eight
B1C*g
pring'eight
B2C *g
ormula u(e,
L@ h1?h2;@ x XBm/C?1Y meterA@ X",a1a2-2ghY / X-a12?a22Y m3/ec6nput poer @ Z g A ;/1000 *'Output poer @ X2[NTY/X#0x1000Y *'Efficienc5 @ 6nput /output x100
*2
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Ga5(:
1C pee, V( Efficienc52C pee, V( Output
3C +i(charge V( Output
Re$/lt: