ce-iii-cloud computing [12sce323]-notes.pdf
TRANSCRIPT
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 1
Cloud Computing
Subject Code: 12SCS24 IA Marks: 50
No of Lecture Hrs/Week: 4 Exam hours: 3
Total No of Lecture Hours: 52 Exam Marks: 100
UNIT-1
Introduction : Business and IT perspective, Cloud and virtualization, Cloud services requirements, cloud and
dynamic infrastructure, cloud computing characteristics, cloud adoption.
UNIT-2
Cloud models : Cloud characteristics, Measured Service, Cloud models, security in a public cloud, public
verses private clouds, cloud infrastructure self service.
UNIT-3
Cloud at a service : Gamut of cloud solutions, principal technologies, cloud strategy, cloud design and
implementation using SOA, Conceptual cloud model, cloud service demand.
UNIT-4
Cloud solutions : Cloud ecosystem, cloud business process management, cloud service management, cloud
stack, computing on demand, cloud sourcing.
UNIT-5
Cloud offerings : Cloud analytics, Testing under cloud, information security, virtual desktop infrastructure,
Storage cloud.
UNIT-6
Cloud management : Resiliency, Provisioning, Asset management, cloud governance, high availability and
disaster recovery, charging models, usage reporting, billing and metering.
UNIT-7
Cloud virtualization technology : Virtualization defined, virtualization benefits, server virtualization,
virtualization for x86 architecture, Hypervisor management software, Logical partitioning, VIO server, Virtual
infrastructure requirements. Storage virtualization, storage area networks, network attached storage, cloud
server virtualization, virtualized data center.
UNIT-8
Cloud and SOA : SOA journey to infrastructure, SOA and cloud, SOA defined, SOA defined, SOA and
IAAS, SOA based cloud infrastructure steps, SOA business and IT services.
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 2
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Cloud Computing by Dr. Kumar Saurabh, Wiley India, 2011.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Michael Miller, Cloud Computing: Web based applications that change the way you work and
collaborate online, Que publishing , August 2009
2. Haley Beard, Cloud Computing Best Practices for Managing and Measuring Processes for On
Demand computing applications and data Centers in the Cloud with SLAs, Emereo Pty Limited, July
2008.
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 3
INDEX
Sl.No. Topics Page No.
1 Unit 1 - Introduction 04
2 Unit 2 - Cloud models 11
3 Unit 3 – Cloud at a service 14
4 Unit 4 - Cloud solutions 21
5 Unit 5 - Cloud offerings 28
6 Unit 6 - Cloud management 41
7 Unit 7 – Cloud virtualization technology 46
8 Unit 8 - Cloud and SOA 51
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 4
Unit 1: INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING
1.1 Introduction
Cloud computing is used to provide the major shift in the way the companies see
the IT infrastructures.
Cloud computing trace its root to grid computing.
Grid computing starts with breaking of the silos by inserting an additional layer.
This additional layer is used to create the logical servers.
The computational power of the logical server can be increased or decreased as
per the application needs.
1.1.1 Grid Computing Information grid.
Compute grid.
Service grid.
A mix of them.
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 5
1.1.2 Grid-The Way To Cloud
Cloud computing would trace its roots to grid computing.
Cloud and grid service, would provide scalability and reliability Load balancing.
Cloud and grid services provide on-demand services –users, storages, networks…
Storage/data/information.
System management.
Security - Authentication, Authorization.
1.2 Essentials
Cloud computing-describes the means of delivering any and all Information to
end-users as A service where ever and when ever they required.
Cloud in cloud computing-provides the resources and other devices on demand.
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 6
1.2.1 Emerging through cloud
• Cloud computing is an emerging style where it provides applications, data and it
resources as standardized offerings to users through web in a flexible pricing model.
• Cloud helps to perform the following things:
Doing more with less.
Higher quality services.
Reducing risks .
1.3 Benefits
• Cloud reduces it cost.
• Cloud allows the users to access the services with out needing to understand the
technology.
• Cloud delivery models can be used to share photos online, download music's,
access bank accounts using mobiles.
• Cloud computing provides the to the users as a services through web.
• Enterprises uses cloud computing models in order to improve the productivity,
develop new products ,to service faster and to reduce cost.
1.4 Why Cloud
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 7
1.5 Buisness and IT Perspetive
Computing resources such as processing power, storage, databases, and messaging are
no longer confined within the four walls of the enterprise. Instead a tightly woven fabric of
abstract or virtual resources are tapped into whenever they are needed.
1.6 Cloud and Virtualization
1.7 Cloud Services Requirements
Cloud computing - Best for cutting the cost
-Workloads to be included in cloud model
-Comprehensive, asset-based solution to deploy dynamic infrastructure
-Infrastructure strategy and planning services
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 8
Advantages:
1. A proven service management
2. Supports significant productivity gains
1.8 CLOUD AND DYNAMIC INFRASTRUCTURE
Initiatives:
1.Service management
2.Asset management
3.Virtualization and consolidation
4.Information infrastructure
5.Energy efficiency
6.Security
7.Resilience
1.9 Cloud computing characteristics
1.Uses commodity based hardware
2.Uses commodity based software
3.Virtualization engine and abstraction layer for hardware
4.Multi-tenant
5.Pay-as-you-go
1.9.1 Cloud computing barriers:
1.Data security
2.Governance and regulatory compliance
3.Integration and interoperability
4.Suitable workloads
1.10 Cloud adoption
1.Low-priority business applications
2.Web applications and interactive applications
3.Services with low availability requirements and short life spans
4.Modular and loosely coupled applications; isolated workloads
5.R&D projects
6.Applications with different levels of infrastructure
7.Not suitable for mission-critical and core business applications
8.Not recommended for high performance file system application
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 9
1.11 Cloud Rudiments
high level capabilities of cloud:
1.Resource aggregation and integration
2.Application services
3.Self-service portal
4.Allocation engine
5.Reporting and accounting
Cloud Features:
1.Self-service
2.Dynamic workload management
3.Resource automation
4.Chargeback, showback, and metering
5.Open architecture
6.Image pools
7.Role-based access administration
1.11.1 Cost savings with cloud:
1.Faster time-to-market(missed business opportunity)
2.Public cloud interfaces
3.Automated scaling
4.Business transparency
1.11.2 Benefits to enterprises:
1.Increasing agility
2.Enable self-service
3.SLAs are met
4.Trial and error configuration test done at ease
5.Complete control over cloud
6.Deliver the promise of unlimited it service on demand
7.Pay for use
8.Reduction in it datacenter cost
9.Dynamic sharing of resources
10.Increase in utilization of datacenter resources
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 10
11.Increase in operational efficiency of resources
12.Achieve a greener datacenter
13.Support for heterogeneous hardware vendors
Help to enterprises:
1. Reduction in number of administrators
2. Reduction in cycle times
3. Reduction in planned capital spending
4. Reduction in physical server count
5. Realization of pay-per-use model
6. Increased user satisfaction
7. Consolidation of enterprise application licenses
8. Flexibility to meet future demands
9. Capacity on-demand
10. Consolidated, streamline change control
11. Separate production and development networks
-----------------------------------------*****************-----------------------------------------
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 11
Unit 2 Cloud Deployment Models
2.1 Introduction
Cloud computing is an emerging style of computing where applications, data, and
resources are provided to users as service over the web.
2.2 Cloud Characteristics
On-Demand Service.
Ubiquitous Network Access.
Location-Independent Resource Pooling(Multi -Tenant).
Rapid Elasticity.
2.3 Measured Service
Cost Factor
Benefits
◦ Self-Service Capability
◦ Resource Availability
◦ Operational efficiency, Hosted Tools
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 12
2.4 Cloud Deployment Models
Public Clouds
Private Clouds
Hybrid Clouds
Community Clouds
Shared Private Cloud
Dedicated Private Cloud
Dynamic Private Cloud
Cloud Models Impact
Savings and Cost Metrics
Commoditization in Cloud Computing
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 13
2.5 Security In Public Cloud
Multi-Tenency
Security Assessment
Shared Risk
Staff Security Screening
Distributed Data Centers
Physical Security
Policies
Coding
Data Leakage
2.6 Public v/s Private Clouds
A public cloud is a shared cloud computing infrastructure that any one access. It provides
hardware and virtualization layers that are owned by the vendor and are shared between all
customers. It is connected to the public internet and presents an illusion of infinitely elastic
resources.
A private cloud is a cloud computing infrastructure owned by a single party. It provides
hardware and virtualization layers that are owned by , or reserved for the business. It, therefore
,presents an elastic but finite resources and may or may not be connected to public internet.
2.7 Cloud Infrastructure Self-Service
Infrastructure Strategy and Planning Features.
The Path to Cloud Computing.
Infrastructure Strategy and Planning Features.
Assesment of the current environment to determine strengths, gaps and readiness.
Development of value proposition for cloud computing in the enterprise.
Strategy , planning and roadmap to successfully implement the selected cloud delivery
model.
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 14
The path to cloud computing
Server virtualization.
Distributed Virtualization.
Private Cloud
Hybrid cloud.
Public cloud.
----------------------------------------------******************-----------------------------------------
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 15
Unit 3 Cloud as a Service
3.1 Introduction
Common attributes of a cloud infrastructure are,
Flexible pricing
Elastic scaling
Rapid provisioning
Standardized offering
To support ‘IT-as-a-Service’ , the cloud infrastructure must deliver,
Abstraction
Virtualization
Dynamic Allocation
Data management
3.2 Gamut of Cloud Solutions
There are five commonly used categories
1. Platform-as-a Service(PaaS)
2. Software-as-a Service(SaaS)
3. Infrastructure-as-a Service(IaaS)
4. Storage-as-a Service(SaaS)
5. Desktop-as-a Service(DaaS)
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 16
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 17
Fig: Cloud @ Datacenter
3.2.1 Platform-as-a-Service(PaaS)
3.2.2 Software-as-a Service(SaaS)
3.2.3 Infrastructure-as-a Service(IaaS)
Fig: Cloud Taxonomy
3.3 Principal Technology
The main Drivers for clod computing are cost,agility,time to market.
Infrastructure is a layer of software that
Interact with multiple server
Enables IT departments to pool resources together across server
Defines standardized tiers of services called virtual compute centres
Virtualization is the foundation for cloud
3.4 Cloud Strategy
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 18
This section provides a high level guidance to define the cloud strategy and artefacts that
capture the architecture of a cloud enabled application.
Key steps to cloud implementation planning are
Understand cloud strategy
Define cloud application requirement
Assess cloud readiness
Define high level cloud architecture
Identifying change management requirement
Develop roadmap and implementation plan
3.5 Cloud Design & Implementation using SOA
Architecture Overview
Service Oriented architecture(SOA) is very useful architectural style for implementing
applications in the cloud.
Language and platform independent services can be provided using standards-based ,
platform-agnostic SOA architecture .
3.6 Conceptual Cloud Model
Cloud Application Security & privacy Principals
Governance
Authentication & access Control
Data Protection
Logging & Alerting
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 19
Fig: Cloud Model
3.7 Cloud Service Defined
3.7.1 Service Defined
o Service
o Service Portfolio
o Service Component
o Service Owner
o Process
o Enablers
o Service Level Agreements
o Service Level Management
o Service Level Management Objective
3.7.2 Service Scope Overview
o Platform integration & Deployment Services
o Software Platform Management Services
3.7.3 Platform Integration & Deployment Component Services
o Order management
o warehousing & Stock management
o Platform Build & Test
o Base Backup
o Data & Personality Migration
o Asset Tagging & Custom Labelling
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 20
o Asset Inventory Update & Report
o Logistics & Delivery
o Instalation
o Extended Project Management
o Platform Removal & Return
o Asset Refurbishment
o Asset & Data Disposal
o Emergency Replacement
o Software Platform Management Services
o Software Platform Design Consulting
o Software Platform Design Creation & Customisation
o Software Platform Support & Maintenance
o Application Scripting
o Application Discovery
o Application Portfolio Management
o Software Delivery
o Antivirus Management
o Patch Management
o Health Check Services
o Compliance Services
o External Services
o Internal Services
o User-Initiated Service Request
o Customer-Initiated Service Request
`
------------------------------------*************-------------------------------------------------------
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 21
Unit 4-CLOUD SOLUTIONS
4.1 Introduction
The design and development of cloud application requires many unique considerations:
Business function
Application architecture
Security for cloud computing
Cloud delivery model
User experience
Development , testing and run-time environment
4.1.2 Cloud business and operational support services
Bss are components that cloud operators use to run their business operations.
Oss are computer systems used by cloud service providers.
Bss and Oss components need to be externalized
Cloud application architecture brings together the business services ,security
,infrastructure and integration required for an optimal solution.
The cloud vendor is responsible for delivering instances of cloud services of any category
to cloud service consumer.
For most cloud services , specific software are required for implementing cloud service
specifics
Cloud services can be built on top of each other.
4.2 Cloud Ecosystem
It is important to understand the relationship between a cloud service and the artefact.
Bringing any cloud service to market requires – pre-investment ,metering and charging
models in support of the corresponding business model.
Defining and delivering a cloud service requires nailing down all corresponding
functional and non-functional requirements.
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 22
Cloud’s capability to have multiple environments to deploy the application is an
advantage.
Advantages
Available in your own private cloud environment or on the public cloud.
Rapid access to a configurable development and test envir to speed time to
market .
Self service web portal for enterprise acct management and provisioning
in min.
Pay-as –you –go pricing
Security –rich environment designed to protect data and systems.
Access to a rich catalogue of s/w images for flexibility and rapid
provisioning.
Rapid provisioning and faster time to value.
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 23
4.4 Cloud Service Management
• A service management system provides the visibility, control, and automation needed for
efficient cloud delivery in both public and private implementation.
• Simplify user interaction with IT.
• Enable policies to lower cost with provisioning.
• Increase system administrator productivity.
• Cloud services that delivered across the firewall need third party that serves as a ‘service-
broker’
4.4.1 Key Cloud Solution Characteristics
• Scalability
– Cloud Orchestrator should maintain an index of resources.
• High Availability
– cloud orchestrator should play for master node to support ’active-passive’ as well
as ‘active-active’ scenarios for availability and disaster recovery
• Application Lifecycle
– This allows application to be isntantiated, removed or flexed quickly to respond to
real time demand for those application.
Key Cloud Solution Characteristics
• Multi-Tenacy/ Role-based Adminstration
• Policies
– Cloud orchestrator should provide rich set of policies that can be enabled.
• Alarm
– Cloud orchestrator should provide pre-defined alarms to notify individual users or
application owners regarding the application thresholds being reached.
• Application Awareness and Policy based Allocation
– Cloud orchestrator should be aware of application requirements and optimize the
placements of the applications
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 24
Key Cloud Solution Characteristics
• Resource Awareness and Policy based Allocation
– Cloud orchestrator should optimize the usage of cloud infrastructure through
intelligent resource application policies.
• Elasticity Based on Performance(Flex-up/Flex-down)
• Reporting and Accounting
– Cloud Orchestrator should provide metering and billing reports of resource
allocation and actual usage
– Self-Service Portal
4.5 On Premise Cloud Orchestration and Provisioning Engine
• It includes hardware, software and the services one needs to get started with cloud
computing.
• Users can add additional services to do cloud work.
• Should be designed from client cloud implementation experiences.
• Benefits/Value Propositions
– Innovation: Improves business value and IT’s effect on time-to-market.
– Decrease Operational expenses
– Reduce complexity and Risks
4.5.2 Cloud Orchestration and Provisioning Requirement Analysis
• First, understand test and development Requirements of cloud deployment to reduce
deploying time.
• Discuss with cloud customers.
• Set the boundaries of the environment.
• With the Orchestration and provisioning engine, a developer can log into a self-service
portal, select resources required and timeframe, select an image to provision from the
service catalogue and ready to go in hours.
• Entry Points:
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 25
– Turn existing environment into a cloud
– Jump start your cloud
4.5.3 Cloud Infrastructure Security
• The security aspect of the cloud infrastructure goes side by side with SOA security.
• It can be introduce as a layered approach.
• Top most layer is service layer with the run-time secure virtualized environment.
• The Secure Virtualized Runtime layer on the bottom.
– It is a virtualized system that runs the process that provides access to data on data
stores.
– It operates on virtual machine images rather than on individual applications.
Advantages of Cloud Orchestration and Provisioning Engine
– Improve time to value
– Improve innovation
– Decrease capital expense
– Reduce complexity and risks
– Virtualized
– Self-service
On demand computing
Reduce the physical footprint
Confidently increase system utilization
Balance workload dynamically across multiple servers
Increase end users availability significantly
Align cost with utilization
React to short term resource requirement
Pre-provisioning
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 26
Sizing and capacity planning is fully understood
Workload is fairly constant, ensuring good utilization levels are achieved
Workload can be scaled horizontally
Business reasons require the physical separation of workload
On demand cpu/memory/vm resources
Common pool concept
This method is ideal when :
Workloads are trending upwards so investment aligned with utilization
Peeks in workload are longer term
Workload scales vertically
Economically advantageous
Dynamic capacity
Advantages
Very short deployment time
Lowest possible cost
Less management effort
Flexible workload management
Granular charging scheme
Cloud platform characteristics based on COD
Low-end servers
High administration cost
Unable to share resources between applications
Physical segregation of servers
No downtime for application owners
On-demand platform
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 27
Physical or logical segregation of servers
Lower administration cost
Share resources between applications
Immediate availablility of CPU/memory
Dynamic capacity platform
Virtual machine implementation
Lower administration cost
Takes advantage of unused processing cycle of other applications
Share resources between applications
Cloud sourcing
Outsourcing the end-to-end solutions
No worries about operational staff
Consulting, implement and management solutions
No control over the place where data services are being offered from cloud vendors
**********************************************************
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 28
Unit 5 CLOUD OFFERINGS
5.2 Information Storage, Retrieval, Archive And protection
Information lifecycle management(ILM) is a growing set of recommended practices and
technologies to manage data more efficiently and effectively.
Objectives to support and improve the information management:
1.Cost Reduction
-controlling demand for storage
-Reducing hardware /software cost
-Reducing storage personal cost
2. Better System Performance And Personnel Productivity
-Doing storage activities ‘right’
-Improving current people, processes, and technologies being utilized to deliver a storage
services to business
-Defining and enforces policies to manage the life cycle of data
3. Increased Effectiveness
-Doing the `right` storage activities
-Defining and implementing appropriate storage strategies to address current and future
business requirement .
Activities For Gaining Initial Savings
-Reduce the amount of used storage as a result of initial clean-up
-Validate SAN requirement and reclaim used switches and switch ports
-Develop and document information classification
-Develop and document classes of services
-Design and implement the tiered storage architecture
-Migrate existing information to lower cost storage using the tiered storage architecture
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 29
Activities For Maximizing Savings
-Reconfigure the current storage environment effectively improving the available to raw
utilization
-Reclaim available storage that has been over allocated
-Enhance the information classification, classes of services, and tiered storage architecture
Activities For Sustaining Savings
Develop a storage architecture governance model
Implement changes to existing storage management process.
The estimated financial impact is calculated based on the following key cost components:
1. Operating Cost Categories
Personnel- storage support and contractors.
Facilities- current floor space consumed by storage telecommunication changes.
Storage hardware maintenance- existing maintenance and incremental maintenance resulting
from growth.
Storage software maintenance- existing maintenance and incremental maintenance resulting
from growth.
Outages – cost avoidance associated with reduction in unplanned outages .
2. Investment Cost Categories
New hardware required-includes disks, tape and array cost.
New software required-new storage software required to support the target environment.
Hardware refresh-investment required to refresh the existing hardware.
Transition services-incremental cost required to migrate the current environment to future
environment .
5.3 Cloud Analytics
Cloud analytics is the new offerings in the new era of cloud computing.
Cloud analytics can help analytics principles and best practices to analyze the different business
consequences and achieve newer levels of optimization.
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 30
FIGURE 5.1 Cloud Analytics
Cloud Business Analytics Competencies
One of them is cloud business analytics strategy that helps clients achieve their business
objectives faster ,with less risk and at a lower cost .
The next competency is business intelligence and performance management that helps
increase performance by providing accurate and on time data reporting.
The next is analytics and optimization that provides diff type of modeling techniques ,
deep computing and simulation techniques to check for diff type of what if analysis to
increase performance.
The other competency is enterprise information management that lets you apply different
architecture related to data extraction, archival, retrieval, movement and integration.
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 31
How It Works :Analytics
Analytics works with the combination of hardware, services and middleware.
Delivering business analytics and information software requires a seamless flow of all
forms of data regardless of format, platform or location.
The system features include the platform that provides data reporting, analytics based on
text, mining activities, business intelligence dashboards and perceptive analytics
techniques.
FIGURE 5.2 Cloud Analytics Business Outcomes
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 32
5.4 Testing Under Cloud
Private cloud deployments need virtualized servers that can be for testing the resources
for the cloud .
This ensures more secure and scalable solutions where consumers can access the it
resources in the test environment.
With this organizations can reduce the test cycles, minimize the it cost, reduce defects,
rationalize the testing environment and hence improve the service quality.
Benefits
Cut capital and operational costs and not affect mission critical production applications.
Offer new and innovative services to clients.
Facilitate a test environment based on request and provide request based service for
storage, network and os.
Value Proposition
Business test cloud delivers an integrated ,flexible and extensible approach to test
resource services and management with rapid time to value.
Value proposition is an end to end set of services to strategize design and build request-
driven delivery of test resources in a cost-effective, efficient manner.
Test tools allow to orchestrate and build your services and development projects and
allow to catalogue and organize all of the various software assets.
The Biggest Benefiters
The biggest problems for the finance heads are to reduce the operational and capital
expense of the development and testing environment.
Pre-existing service management can identify the starburst opportunities that come off
business development and test cloud services and planning consulting workshop services
are
o What are the types of service management integration that need to happen?
o Do they want to integrate with discovery?
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 33
o Do they want to integrate with the service desk?
o Do they want to create a help ticket whenever a provisioning steps occurs?
o Do they want to create an asset every time a new virtualized environment is created?
o Do they want to do usage and accounting chargeback?
o Do they want a test optimization service?
o A strategic roadmap is required to enjoy the benefits of application virtualization for
testing in cloud environment and requires different assessments.
o The first assessment is to consolidate the server and conduct the comprehensive
virtualization assessment.
o The next assessment is to determine what type of software models can be applied to the
available infrastructure to win over the constraints and increase the schedules.
Cloud Offerings Key Themes
Two main constituents
Application teams- Delivery of production internal and/or external application according
to service level requirement in cost effective manner.
Development teams- they are usually driven by user needs for frequent delivery of new
feature.
Key Themes
Infrastructure To Applications-
most common use case of private cloud is Infrastructure-as-a-service.
The vision is to support complex multi tier application provisioning such that
application can be fully configured and ready to run.
In some cases these are then delivered as a software-as-a-services model.
In between enterprise create their own platform-as-a-services catalog to enforce
consistency in development platform and middleware.
Dev/Test To Production
in software development there is a high level life cycle for application.
The beginning is development the testing followed by production.
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 34
Production application with dynamic scaling and managing more complex,
multitier application.
The solution should be unique in support in full life cycle in one product offering
in enterprise environment .
Allocation And Runtime Scaling
Allocation is a process of instantiating the service catalogue item , infrastructure,
platform and application.
Run time scaling is flexing up and down for required resource element to meet
SLA requirement defined by application.
Figure5.3 Cloud Orchestration Workflow
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 35
Benefits
Increase Agility And Innovation
Enabling self service delivery
Delivery on SLA
Simplify the process for ‘what-if’ experimentation
Gain control over public cloud usage
Decrease Costs
Increase utilization
Increase operational efficiency
Achieve a greener data centre
Maintain vendor choice
Offerings key characteristics
Service Layer
Self-service portal for different cloud user ;Administrators and end user
chargeback/billing and reporting based on usage and capacity
Applications
Automated application provisioning and life cycle management
Dynamic scaling to meet SLA
Allocation Engine
Account based quotas reservation ,scheduling and approvals for resource
allocation
Policy driven automation of placement, migration, failover.
Resource Integrations
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 36
Support for popular virtualization platform
Support for popular provisioning tools
Integration for popular public cloud/external service
Datacenter Integrations
Role based authentication and authorization
Adapter based integration to accounting ,asset management, entailment, service catalogue and
ticketing.
5.5 Information Security
Information security risks are potential damages to information assets. successful
organizations take a risk based approach to information security.
Value of asset
Vulnerabilities
Threats
Security controls are
Must be effective
Should be adaptive
Types of controls:
Preventive
Detective
corrective
Expectation Of Privacy
Consumer expectation is that security should be built into services themselves.
More evenly distributed security responsibilities.
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 37
Increased transparency from start to finish.
Eased burden of customer facing unit.
Security Challenges
As the information grows day by day ,datacenters and infrastructure are stretching the
upper limits of these resources.
It tries to maximize the use of the power,space and personnel.
It is evident that CAP-EX and OP-EX are increasing day by day.
Cloud computing and virtualization give them an opportunity to meet with these
challenges.
Another area to watch is security around web applications.
Security compliance
There is a need of policies and procedures for governance and risk factors with respect to
cloud security.
It is also required to conduct third party based checks and audits for the agreements that
are breached in the process.
Another method is to have strong SLA so that flexibility can be managed for the process
based on situations .
Identity Based Protection
Cloud environment requires extra protection levels as it works with diverse set of groups.
It also requires regulated monitoring of users ,regarding the logging to the resources and
check up for the background verifications.
Maintenance of the identity required to conduct smooth operation in the cloud deployments
and authenticate the real users.
The biggest problem is to make confidential data secure.
Data Protection@ Cloud
It relates to regulation of breaching of data and its separation on storage infrastructure.
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 38
Handles by encryption and managed by encryption keys and data is protected in cloud
centre .
The movement of data between the different location of the organizations depends on
cloud environment.
Application Security
Cloud vendor should have a clear and sound way to tackle by meeting the demands of
subscriber.
All the web based requirement should be coded to match actual requirement .
5.6 Virtual Desktop Infrastructure
This is designed to help transform it architectures into virtualized open-standard-based
framework leveraging centralized it services.
It combines hardware, software and services.
It runs desktop operating system and applications inside virtual machine.
Architecture Overview
Desktop cloud virtualization services provide several advantages as follows.
Cost Reduction
Flexibility
Security
Availability
Efficiency
Enterprise Level
Provides a set of proven integration patterns and methods.
Reduce the dependency and on distributed pc and laptops.
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 39
End-user desktops run on virtual machines hosted in a centralized it infrastructure .
Figure 5.4 Virtual Desktop Infrastructure
Client Access
Desktop Virtualization Services
Desktop Management
Pool Management For Virtual Desktop Infrastructure
5.7 Storage Cloud
Helps organizations to address their challenges around data .
Value Proposition
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 40
Challenges
Business Drivers
Benefits
********************************
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 41
Unit 6- Cloud management
6.2 Resiliency
Get exactly what you want. Pay only for what you use.
Our CloudLayer Computing lets you configure a public cloud instance with exactly the number
of cores (all 2.0GHz or faster), RAM, and local or SAN storage your application requires.
Deployed in real-time, with hourly or monthly billing.
One platform. Endless possibilities.
They seamlessly integrate with Soft Layer dedicated servers and our turnkey Soft Layer Private
Clouds. It's all behind one management system (including mobile apps, web portal, and full-
featured API) and global network.
Plus, with our proprietary image management system you can capture an image of any server—
dedicated or cloud—and then deploy it on any other server—dedicated or cloud. Scale. Migrate.
Whichever direction you choose.
Globally distributed. Fully connected.
It's all available out of 13 data centers in the US, Asia, and Europe, integrated by a high-
performance private network. Deploy cloud instances in Singapore, dedicated servers in San
Jose, and connect them as if they were in one rack—with no back-end network charges or
additional connectivity products to buy.
Build your vision on a platform that seamlessly spans physical and virtual devices, public and
private clouds, as well as international borders. Build the future.
Provisioning
Cloud provisioning is the allocation of a cloud provider's resources to a customer.
When a cloud provider accepts a request from a customer, it must create the appropriate number
of virtual machines (VMs) and allocate resources to support them. The process is conducted in
several different ways: advance provisioning, dynamic provisioning and user self-provisioning.
In this context, the term provisioning simply means " to provide."
With advance provisioning, the customer contracts with the provider for services and the
provider prepares the appropriate resources in advance of start of service. The customer is
charged a flat fee or is billed on a monthly basis.
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 42
With dynamic provisioning, the provider allocates more resources as they are needed and
removes them when they are not. The customer is billed on a pay-per-use basis. When dynamic
provisioning is used to create a hybrid cloud, it is sometimes referred to as cloud bursting.
With user self-provisioning (also known as cloud self-service), the customer purchases resources
from the cloud provider through a web form, creating a customer account and paying for
resources with a credit card. The provider's resources are available for customer use within
hours, if not minutes.
Asset Management
Software Packaging.
Incident Management.
Pool Management.
Release Management.
Configuration Management.
Systems Management (SysM).
Operational Readiness Management.
Backup Management.
Cloud Governance
Regulation of new service creation .
Getting more reuse of service.
Enforcing Standards and best practices.
Service change management and service version control.
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 43
High availability and disaster recovery
Mean time between failures(MTBF).
Mean Time Recovery(MTTR).
High Availability(HA).
Continuous Operations(CO).
Continuous Availability(CA).
Availability Management(AM).
The objective of disaster management plan is to provide for the resumption of all critical IT
services within as stated period of time following the declaration of disaster.
Protect and maintain currency of vital records.
Select a site or vendor that is capable of supporting the requirement of the critical
application workload.
Provide a provision for the restoration of all IT services when possible.
Charging models, Usage Reporting , Billing And Reporting
Consumption-based pricing model
With consumption-based pricing you simply pay for what you use. This is most common for
infrastructure as a service (IaaS) offerings such as IBM SmartCloud Enterprise. Under these
models you only pay for the amount of resources you actually use such as disk space, CPU time
and network traffic.
Subscription-based pricing
In this model you pay to use the service for a period of time – typically on a monthly basis. Your
subscription cost typically allows for unlimited usage during the subscription period. So you pay
the same amount regardless of the amount or resources you use. This is most common model for
software as a service (SaaS) offering such as IBM SmartCloud for Social Business.
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 44
Advertising-based pricing
In this model the service is no or low-cost, but features advertising. So the user gets a no charge
or heavily-discounted service and the provider receives most or all of their revenue from
advertisers. This model is quite common in cloud media services such as free TV provider
net2TV.
Market-based pricing
With market-based pricing there is a market price for a service, like per hour of CPU time. The
market price varies over time based on supply and demand. As a customer you can buy the
service at the current price and use it straight away. Or you can make a bid to use the service at a
lower price and if the market price reaches your price then your workload will be activated and
you will be charged at your bid price. Amazon EC2 Spot Instances are an example of market
based pricing.
The future of cloud pricing models
As cloud computing evolves, so will the pricing models used. The challenge for the industry will
be to make these more complicated models easily assessable and understood.
Over time we may see more market-based systems and even pure auction systems. Other
possibilities that could eventuate include price comparison sites, aggregation services, group
buying, and a futures market for cloud computing services.
As standards such as OpenStack make it easier to move workloads between suppliers, it’s
possible that we’ll also see sophisticated deployment engines which query the market, acquire a
service at the lowest price, and then deploy workloads to the lowest-price provider.
Standardised Subscription –based Model
Pay per use model.
Premium pricing model.
Hybrid model.
Basic Requirement
Fairenes.
Control.
Repeatability and Predictability.
Simplicity.
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 45
Activity Based
Derives the cost of an organization outputs(products and srvices).
Identifies the activities and tasks used in production and delivery of the outputs.
Identifies the resources consumed in the performances of these processes and instruments
these activities so that the cost per task can be rolled up into change per major activity per
report.
*****************************************
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 46
Unit 7- CLOUD VIRTUALIZATION TECHNOLOGY
Introduction
• Virtualization represents the logical view of data representation,
the power to compute in virtualized environment
storing the data at different geographies and
various computing resources
This Statement really makes two points
• To virtualize your system, you separate the physical from logical, you manage and
utilize IT resources as a cohesive, holistic unit that is constantly -
adjusting,
reallocating and
responding
as changes in the business environment dictate.
• Virtualization is a liberating technology – meaning that you have better, more access
information you can further simplify IT management by instituting policy-based
response, and ultimately you reduce the cost of operations
Virtualization Defined
• Virtualization is an abstract layer (hypervisor) that decouples the physical layer from the
operating systems to deliver the greater IT resource utilization and flexibility
• It allows multiple virtual machines, with heterogeneous operating systems to run in
isolation, side by side on the same physical machine
Virtualization Benefits
• Business Benefits
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 47
saves money, dramatically increase control, simplify disaster recovery, business
readiness assessment
• Traditional Benefits
sever consolidation
‘Green IT’ – reduced power and cooling
Reduced hardware costs
Expanded Virtualization Benefits
• Increased availability / business continuity
• Maximized hardware resources
• Reduced administration and labour costs
• Efficient application and desktop software deployment and maintenance
• Reduced time for server provisioning
• Increased security on the desktop client level
Current Virtualization Intiatives
• Virtual CPU and memory
• Virtual networking
• Virtual disk
• Consolidated management
• Virtual motion
• Storage virtual motion
• Dynamic Load-Balancing
• Logical Partitions, Logical Domains and Zones
Server Virtualization
• Server Virtualization cover different types of virtualization such as client, storage and
network virtualization
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 48
Virtualization
• Virtual machine – VM is a server environment that does not physically exist but is
created using another server. In this context, a VM is called a ‘guest’ while the
environment it runs with in is called the ‘host’
• One host can usually run multiple VMs at once because VMs are separated from the
physical resources they use.
• Host Environment dynamically assign the resources
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 49
Hardware Virtualization
• HV is also known as Hypervisor-based Virtualization, Bare metal Hypervisor , Type 1
hypervisor, or simply hypervisor.
• This Virtualization technology has a virtualization layer running immediately on the hard
ware, which divides the server machine into several virtual machines with a guest OS
running in each of the machines.
Hardware and OS virtualization
OS virtualization
• This type also known as OS-based Virtualization, OS-level Virtualization, Type 2
Virtualization.
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 50
• OS Virtualization creates virtualization environment with in a single instance of
virtualization.
• This virtual environment created by OS virtualization are often called as containers
******************************
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 51
Unit 8-CLOUD AND SOA
8.1 INTRODUCTION
SOA is very useful architectural style for implementing applications in the cloud.
SOA would provide the best way to leverage and consume application service provided
by the cloud.
Developing integrated service management approach for both the application services
and infrastructure services together will drive efficiency in IT operations by improving
the resource utilization and improving the service levels.
It enable business agility by aligning IT with the business.
8.3 SOA AND CLOUD
Deliver and leverage cloud based services.
Use web services-service requestors, service registry, service providers.
It helps to interoperability and extensibility and shared infrastructure.
Self service capabilities and virtualized.
Cloud computing is an infrastructure management and services deployment method.
Cloud share characteristic of SOA with flexibility and agility.
Service-oriented architecture is an application framework for building better application.
SOA design pattern is composed of loosely coupled, discoverable, reusable.
Interoperable platform-neutral services.
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 52
8.4 SOA DEFINED
SOA is defined by what a service is. Service are defined by the following characteristics.
Explicit, implementation-independent interfaces.
Loosely bound.
Invoked through communication protocols.
Stress location transparency and interoperability.
Encapsulate reusable business function.
SOA treats elements of business like:
Business processes.
Underlying IT infrastructure.
Secure standardized components.
Changing business priorities.
When we look at the SOA vision we need to look at 3 aspects:
The business view of service.
The architecture view of service.
The implementation view of service.
SOA Lifecycle.
Combining new and existing services.
Secure and integrated environment for people, processes and information.
Customer manage both IT and a business Perspective.
Provide guidance and oversight for the SOA project.
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 53
Service-Oriented Computing.
Comprise a specific set of design principles.
It use "separation of concerns" design philosophy.
IT virtualized the architectural aspects of the service orientation to make process
simple
It helps to achieve business goals.
8.5 SOA AND IAAS
Major industry analyst view cloud infrastructure as a key IT ingredients for business
agility. Analyst recommend an IT infrastructure that is:
Shared across customers, business units and application.
Dynamically driven by business policies and service level requirements.
The analyst view IT visualization and IT Automation as 2 major elements in
realizing infrastructure as service.
ARCHITECTURE
Cloud infrastructure has many components, However, they need not all be implemented
concurrently.
Service can be divided into four domains.
Application Services.
Information Services.
Common IT Services.
Infrastructure Services.
SOA offers number of business values.
Business Agility.
This helps in defining the right time to launch or rapidly scale the deployment
efforts needed to implement the new solutions.
Lower Cost of Operations.
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 54
This helps in utilizing the virtual pools efficiently which decreases the chance of
procuring the new systems.
It helps in increasing in overall effectiveness when we work in an automated
environment.
Improved service levels.
SOA-based infrastructure helps to adhere to the SLAs efficiently and helps in
orchestrating the resource as per the rules and policies.
Business analytics helps to decide different predictive, proactive, alterative
approaches when we follow SOA.
Efficient Information Management.
Information dissemination.
Data replication.
Business continuity protection.
Regulatory compliance.
Maximizing resource utilization.
Rapid deployment of new application.
More timely response to changing business conditions.
Regulatory Compliance.
We need monitoring to track the performance of the services to confirm that they
comply with the regulatory compliances.
It is important to adhere with energy emission regulations and efficiencies to
adopt Greener solutions
If we have centralized data storage it will help the audit process. Centralized data
storage facilitates and accelerate audits.
Energy Efficiency.
Computing
Storage
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 55
Network utilization
Datacenter energy efficiency.
8.6 Cloud IT Service Management
8.7 SOA BASED CLOUD INFRASTRUCTURE STEPS
Organization intent upon leveraging cloud infrastructure should consider the following
steps:
Analysis and Strategy.
Planning.
Implementation.
Value-Driven.
SOA and Cloud infrastructure.
Cloud Computing 12SCE323
Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 56
SOA based cloud computing model builds on the IT and internet models.
SOA based cloud computing enabling new ways of doing business.
SOA to consider the business underlying principle and it helps to determine the
cost of investment.
SOA Business and IT Services.
It helps to measure performance of business functions and manage the runtime
application.
Generate the metrics to measure the performance is pivotal in the progress of the
business.
**************************************