ce-focused eedn projects consumer electronic data/network links –reducing power consumption of...

CE-focused EEDN projects

• Consumer Electronic Data/Network Links – Reducing power consumption of network links

• Consumer Electronic Inter-device Power Control

– Reducing induced consumption of networked devices

• Set-Top Boxes (STB)– Look “outside the box” for energy savings

Builder-Installed Miscellaneous (Misc)– Address electronic devices in new homes

Agenda

10:30 Welcome, Introductions, Project Overview

11:15 Energy Efficient Ethernet

11:35 Network Connectivity Proxying

12:15 Energy Efficiency Specs for Network Equipment

12:45 Break / Pick up lunch

1:00 Consumer Electronic Data/Network Links

1:15 Consumer Electronic Inter-device Power Control

1:45 Set-Top Boxes

2:00 Builder-Installed Miscellaneous

2:10 Energy Star Perspective

2:20 General Discussion

3:00 Next Steps (discuss Building Networks, if time)

3:30 Adjourn

Links: Observations

• Useful standards are not always implemented

• Useful standards not always created

• Consumer-electronic data/network links problematic

• IEEE 1394 (aka FireWire, i.Link) power saving modes not widely implemented

• Focused work in EEDN project could turn this around

• A comprehensive project should address both IT and CE oriented products and networks

Links: Scope and Plan

Original

• Describe full range of IEEE 1394 power-saving features

• Evaluate energy saving potentials from these

• Create plan to transform market to using these

But….

• IEEE 1394 continued to lose market share

• IEEE 802 “Audio/Video Bridging” process created

• Possibility of conflict between EEE and AVB

Links: AVB

What is AVB?• Mechanism to enable Ethernet (and WiFi) to be used

for time-sensitive audio and video applicationsWho is doing it?• IEEE 802.1 (Management) - defines protocols for

IEEE 802 networksIntended market• Links between audio and video products (primarily

residential)Why do AVB?• Ethernet does not guarantee timing or Quality-of-ServiceWhat is concern?• If AVB and EEE conflict, would likely lead to

disabling of EEE on AVB links; could be many links

Links: Scope and Plan

New Plan

• Assess EEE for how it could affect AVB

• Assess AVB for how it could affect EEE

• Draw conclusions about each

• Circulate for review within each Task Force

• Propose a resolution for any problems that arise

• Subcontractor: John Nels Fuller

Links: Results

Issues at intersection of EEE and AVB

• Timing of low-power idle exited; can be addressed in 802.1BA, under development

• Limiting additional wait time when streams are active; EEE should provide a method and 802.1BA should describe it

• Guidance on when LPI should engage for different usages; put this in 802.1BA

• Need one minor change to EEE, one minor change to 802.1BA, and completion of 802.1BA

Otherwise, EEE and AVB seem compatible

Links: Next Steps and Summary

Next Steps for EEDN

• Prepare last report

Beyond EEDN

• Finish IEEE 802.1BA

• Assess other CE links (e.g. MOCA)

• Assess IEEE 1722 (higher layer protocols for AVB)

Summary

• EEE and AVB not inherently in conflict

• Some further work needed

• EEE could save large amounts of energy in AVB links

Agenda








1:45 Set-Top Boxes





3:30 Adjourn

CE Control: Observations

• Many devices do not power down when idle

• Knowing which devices should be on (or are on) isn’t easy

• Users leave devices powered on without returning

• Network connectivity between devices is under utilized

CE Control: Savings Opportunity

• Consumer electronics consumed 82 TWh in 2006*

• > 80% of energy used in the “on” mode

• Surveys suggest that devices are on and in use as much as they are on and idle

• Reducing time in on mode critical to reducing overall energy use

*Excluding computer equipment, K Roth, Tiax rpt D5525, 2007

• Identify and characterize power control methods

• Develop use scenarios

• Develop schemes to accomplish power control–General power control philosophies–Specific schemes relevant to today’s standards

• Work with standards bodies to amend standards

• Support relevant Energy Star specifications

CE Control: Scope of Study

CE Control: Plan

Original Focus Revised Focus

IEEE 1394 and related CEA standards

HDMI and legacy analog/digital standards

Manual user controls Automatic power control

Develop schemes to implement power control

Specify how to amend industry standards

Meet with standards bodies to push development

Work with Energy Star on relevant specifications

CE Control: Focus Change

• HDMI is the leading network standard in CE–TVs, DVD/Blu-Ray, A/V receivers, STB, etc.

• Huge number of legacy devices–Current HDMI, old analog or digital sources/sinks

• Change from user controlled to automatic–Users are confused, forgetful and leave devices on–Legacy devices make cooperative control difficult

CE Control: HDMI and Legacy Standards

• HDMI –High speed, raw digital connection –Video, audio, sink information–Consumer electronic controls channel

• Used as a proprietary means to implement features

• Bravia Sync, AnyNet+, etc

• Still many other common standards–S/PDIF (digital audio)–Component/Composite/S Video–Coaxial Cable–Ethernet

CE Control: Use Case: TV as Sink

Source TV Result

Non-Compliant Non-Compliant Source: Remains in high power stateTV: Remains in high power state

Compliant Non-Compliant Source: Powers down after X timeTV: Remains in high power state

Non-Compliant Compliant Source: Remains in high power stateTV: Powers down after X time w/o input

Compliant Compliant Source: Powers down after X time TV: Powers down with source

Condition: Source stops providing content and is idle

ProblemsHow long to wait before TV power down warning?

CE Control: Use Case Development

• Hierarchical structures

• Automatic source selection and power control

Key goal:

Make power control transparent to user so they do not disable it.

CE Control: Power Control Philosophy

Devices should:

• Have a 3-state power model

• Maintain network connectivity while asleep

• Advertise power state changes

• Make decision regarding their own state

• Be capable of observing link state (signal present?)

• Power down after period without active source/sink

• Power down after period without performing primary function

• Make links appear inactive when no active content

CE Control: HDMI Power Control Scheme

• Source pulls up +5V when it is providing content–Pulls down +5V when not actively providing content

• Sink pulls up HPD when ready to receive from source–HPD low when using other source, powered down

• Source and sink power down after X minutes when HPD or +5V is not detected on active line

CE Control: Next Steps

• Review power control standards –HDMI CEC, DNLA, CEA

• Use case exploration

• Power control scheme development

• Lay ground work for standardization

Beyond EEDN:

• Uniformity of philosophy across standards

• Standardization of power control schemes

• Push for STB, TV CEC compatibility

CE Control: Summary

• Automatic power control deals with a difficult reality–Many legacy analog/digital connections–Uncooperative HDMI connections–Poor user utilization of manual power control

• Schemes are underdevelopment to maximize energy savings

• Working with HDMI and Energy Star to improve adoption

Agenda








1:45 Set-Top Boxes





3:30 Adjourn

STB: Observations

• Set-top boxes growing in features, energy use, and saturation

• Most STB selected by service provider

• For most STB, Off power not much different from On

• Increasing use of IP networking for both up- and downstream connections

16%

28%

37%

41%44%

47%

5%

10%

15%

22%

27%

31%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

2005 2006e 2007p 2008p 2009p 2010p

% o

f S

ale

s

% with DVR

% with HD Recording

% of Satellite STB Sales

STB: Savings Opportunity

• STB energy use projected to increase

• “Enhanced Energy Star” could limit growth

• Active-mode efficiency improvements limited

• Need technologies to enable low power modes

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

US

Co

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um

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(T

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Frozen Efficiency

Reference Case

Alternative Policy 1

Alternative Policy 2

• Original– Conduct STB market assessment– Identify common STB configurations & features– Select high-consumer for further analysis– Develop energy efficient STB reference design (“inside

the box”)– Work with policymakers and standards bodies to

promote reference design

• But…– Paper studies of hardware designs not convincing– Network connections have biggest influence on energy

use– “Think outside the box”

STB: Scope and Plan

Example Reference Design (DTA)

Source: 2006 PG&E CASE Report

STB: Revised Plan

Original Focus Revised Focus

Conduct market assessment

Develop reference design Conduct detailed assessment of

physical links and network protocols used in STB

Implement reference designDevelop action plan for energy

efficient STB networks

STB: Next Steps

• EEDN– Complete market assessment– Conduct STB networking assessment– Write action plan

• Beyond EEDN– Implement action plan

Agenda








1:45 Set-Top Boxes





3:30 Adjourn

Misc: Observations

• Previous PIER-funded LBNL research found that the “Other” end use dominated energy consumption in low-energy homes

• Average new home in CA consumes 50 W continuously, before the buyer even walks in the door

62%

84%

88%

51%

54%55%

71%

46%

57%

65%

84%

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Annual kW

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Electricity Use of New Low-energy Homes

Misc: Annual Energy Consumption for Builder-Installed Equipment in New Homes

• Select a few types of builder-installed equipment to analyze in detail

• Measure power use of small sample of devices

• Collect other data through web searches, new-home walkthroughs, etc.

• Write up recommended purchasing advice for builders

• Develop action plan for next phases

Misc: Scope of Study

Devices Selected for Metering

Misc: GFCI No-load Power

“Smart” Irrigation Controllers Have Higher Standby Power

Misc: Next Steps

• EEDN– Complete report on builder-installed equipment

analysis– Write action plan

• Beyond EEDN– Investigate more product types (structured wiring,

security systems, etc.)– Conduct field metering

Agenda








1:45 Set-Top Boxes





3:30 Adjourn

Building Networks

“Networking the Real World “ — The other 90% of Buildings Electricity

Climate (heating, cooling, ventilation), Lighting, Appliances, Security, …

…and human beings

Building Networks (1)

Current approaches to modernizing building control

• Short-term implementation

• Utility oriented

• Centralized control

• Insufficient attention to interoperability

• Little attention to needs of occupants

Building Networks (2)

Need two-track strategy for building controls

• Short-term strategy is fine as-is

• Long-term– Adopt goal of “Universal Interoperability”– Learn from development of Internet– Use distributed intelligence model– Begin with users, user interface– Design around functionality, not energy– Use price as principal coordination with rest of world

ce-focused eedn projects consumer electronic data/network links –reducing power consumption of...

Documents

eee conflict

avb links agenda10

energy savingsbuilder

featuresevaluate energy

intersection of eee

active eee

avbassess avb

energy efficiency specs