Experiences with CDOT’s Quiet Pavement Research Program

Presented by:Richard Sohaney

The Transtec Group, Inc

RPUG 2011September 28, 2011

Acknowledgements

Colorado DOTRoberto DeDiosGary DeWittJay GoldbaumSteve OlsonVanessa HendersonDonna HarmelinkBob MeroBill SchiebelTammie SmithJordan RudelJill SchlaeferRichard Zamora

TranstecRobert RasmussenRobert WhirledgeRobert Watson

FHWA Noise PolicyFor federal funding on highway projects:

23 CFR 772 appliesNoise impact analysis required

Noise abatement options:Noise barriers (walls)Traffic managementAlignment changesBuffer zonesInsulation

FHWA PolicyTo use quieter pavement for noise abatement:

Special FHWA approval requiredMust conduct a Quiet Pavement Pilot Program (QPPP)Agency must commit to the noise abatement levelArizona did it!

Alternative:Conduct Quiet Pavement Research (QPR)

Quieter Pavement ResearchResearch objectives:

Determine noise benefits for specific pavementsDetermine noise behavior as pavements ageProvide data for use in traffic noise modeling and validation

Noise = f (pavement type, texture, age, time, traffic, location)

CDOT Data Collection PlanMeasurement methods

Source (by the tire)Wayside (by the road)

SitesInitially: 30Finally: 34 (+1 in 2007, +3 in 2009)

Measurement times4 periods: 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011

Source Measurement MethodClose proximity to the source

On-board sound intensity (OBSI) method

60 mph Test Speed

Test Section Length

Wayside Measurement MethodWayside (roadside)

Isolated pass-by:Applies when traffic is lightPass-by noise from individual vehicles can be isolated

Time averaged pass-by:Applies when traffic is dense

Microphone

Measurement MethodsSource (OBSI)

Representative of how much noise is generated at the tire-pavement interfaceMobile measurement method

Wayside (pass-by)Representative of what listeners experienceFixed measurement locationsEvaluates traffic noise in categories: car, light truck, heavy truck

Good correlation between the two methods

Test SitesTest sites

Initially: 30 (in 2006)Finally: 34 (+1 in 2007, +3 in 2009)

PavementsSMAHMANova ChipPCC (various textures)Crumb rubber modified asphalt

258

10

11

14

15

171819

20

22

23

24

26

2829

31

4 6

3

7

9

12

13

1621 25

27

301

323334

3

7

9

12

16

21

25

27

30

1

Site 1US 83, Parker

Sites 28/29Powers Blvd., Colorado Springs

Site 8I-70, Bakerville

Managing Changes from 2006 - 2011Test procedure changes

Test tireGoodyear Aquatred IIIASTM F 2493 SRTT

Microphone fixtureSingle probeDual probe

Test method standardized

Environmental changesYear-to-year temperature differencesPavement rehabilitation

Key FindingsResults up through 2009 publishedDatabase of pavement types and tire-pavement noise

Useful for rankingIdentifying trends

Correlation of wayside and source measurementsTire-pavement noise by vehicle type

2009 Findings

98

99

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

Site20

- US 40

(Kit C

arson

) - Con

crete

Site13

- I-25

(Erie

) - Con

crete

(Long

. Tini

ng)

Site25

- I-76

(Hen

derso

n) - C

oncre

te

Site28

- Pow

ers Blvd

. (Colo

rado S

pring

s) - C

oncre

te (D

rag)

Site24

- I-76

(Hud

son)

- Con

crete

Site30

- US 85

(Sed

alia )

- Con

crete

(Burl

ap D

rag)

Site26

- I-25

(Mon

umen

t ) - C

oncre

te

Site15

- I-25

(Colo

rado S

pring

s ) - C

oncre

te (Lo

ng. G

roovin

g)

Site27

- C-47

0 (Morr

ison)

- Con

crete

Site16

- SH 12

1 (Lit

tleton

) - Con

crete

(Carp

et Drag

)

Site17

- I-70

(Rifle

) - Con

crete

(Diam

ond G

rindin

g)

Site18

- US 28

5 (Ind

ian H

ills) -

Concre

te (D

iamon

d Grin

ding)

Site14

- US 28

5 (Ind

ian H

ills) -

Concre

te (Lo

ng. T

ining

)

Site34

- US 34

(Gree

ley) -

Aspha

lt (CRM, T

ermina

l)

Site33

- US 34

(Gree

ley) -

Aspha

lt (CRM, W

etProc

)

Site32

- US 34

(Gree

ley) -

Aspha

lt (PG 64

-28)

Site22

- US 16

0 (Alam

osa )

- Asp

halt

Site06

- US 50

(Gran

d Jun

ction

) - Asp

halt (

SX, 1/2"

)

Site10

- US 28

7 (La

porte

) - Asp

halt (

S, 3/4"

)

Site23

- I-70

(Gran

d Jun

ction

) - Asp

halt

Site08

- I-70

(Bak

erville

(E of

Dillo

n)) - A

spha

lt (SX, 1

/2")

Site07

- US 85

(Sed

alia )

- Asp

halt (

SX, 1/2"

)

Site21

- US 28

5 (Morr

ison)

- Asp

halt (

S, 3/4"

)

Site04

- US 50

(Gran

d Jun

ction

) - SMA (1

/2")

Site09

- C-47

0 (Morr

ison )

- SMA (1

/2")

Site05

- SH 74

(Eve

rgree

n) - S

MA (3/8"

)

Site01

- US 83

(Park

er) - S

MA (3/4"

)

Site29

- Pow

ers Blvd

. (Colo

rado S

pring

s) - S

MA

Site19

- I-70

(Gyp

sum) -

SMA

Site03

- I-70

(Den

ver)

- SMA (3

/4")

Site02

- I-70

(Gold

en) -

SMA (3/4"

)

Site31

- I-70

(Geo

rgetow

n) - S

MA (3/4"

)

Site12

- SH 58

(Gold

en) -

NovaC

hip

Site11

- SH 82

(Bas

alt) -

NovaC

hip

Site / Nominal Surface

Ove

rall

A-W

eigh

ted

OB

SI L

evel

(dB

ref 1

pW

/m²)

200620072009

OBSI Results

2009 FindingsEffect of Temperature on NoiseHot-Mix Asphalt Pavements

y = -0.0451x + 0.8607R2 = 0.4709

y = -0.0363x - 0.2534R2 = 0.2062

y = -0.0425x + 0.4446R2 = 0.295

-2.5

-2.0

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80

Ambient Air Temperature Difference (°F)

Ove

rall

A-W

td. O

BSI

Lev

el D

iffer

ence

(dB

ref 1

pW

/m²)

All Flexible 2007-2006

All Flexible 2009-2007

All Flexible 2009-2006

Slope Significance(2009-2007)

>99%

2009 Findings

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

100 101 102 103 104 105 106

Overall A-weighted OBSI Level, 60 mph, dB (ref 1 pW/m²)

A-w

eigh

ted

Stat

istic

al P

ass-

By

Inde

xC

ar, 6

0 m

ph, d

B (r

ef 2

0 μP

a)

Best 1:1 FitSPB(car) = OBSI - 28.4 dBA

SEE = 0.7 dBA Car pass-by and OBSI

NCHRP 1-44 Offset:28.5 dBA

Wayside vs. Source (OBSI)

2009 FindingsPass-by Noise by Vehicle Type

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Site 4 Site 6 Site 10 Site 19 Site 20 Site 22 Average

A-w

eigh

ted

SPL

Diff

eren

ces

Hvy

Tru

ck m

inus

Car

, dB

(ref

20

μPa)

50×525×450×12

Heavy Trucks are~ 8 dB louder than Cars

What have we learned?Colorado has both quieter and louder pavements among all pavement types.

Correlations exist between source and wayside measurements.

Most pavements have increasing sound levels as they age

0.1 dBA per year on the averageSome changing up to 0.7 dBA per year

Noise levels are a function of temperatureHigher temperatures result in lower noise levelsMore sensitive for flexible pavements