cdma2000-walsh code.ppt

An Overview of cdma2000 Technology Concepts

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Contents

•Review of IS-95 CDMA Concepts

•cdma2000 Improvements

•cdma2000 Concepts

•cdma2000 Network Architecture

Power

Frequency

Time

FDMA

Frequency

Power Time

TDMA

Frequency

CDMA

Power

Time

Cellular Access Methods

US Cellular Channel 384

Frequency

Amplitude

Frequency

Amplitude

AMPS

45 MHz

Forward Link

881.52 MHz

836.52 MHz

Reverse Link

CDMA

45 MHz

836.52 MHz

881.52 MHz

Reverse Link Forward Link

CDMA is Also Full Duplex

CDMA Reuse

FDMA Reuse

1

11

1

1

11

11

1

3

6

2

62

2

1

45

7

Cellular Frequency Reuse Patterns

Interference Sources

Walsh CodeSpreading

Encoding &Interleaving

Walsh CodeCorrelator

Decode &Deinterleaving

BasebandData

BasebandData

Background Noise

External Interference

Other Cell Interference

Other User Noise

9.6 kbps

19.2 kbps

1228.8 kbps

1228.8 kbps

19.2 kbps

9.6 kbps

Transmitter

Receiver

1.25 MHz BW

fc

1.25 MHz BW

fc

10 kHz BW

0

10 kHz BW

0

1.25 MHz BW

fc

1.25 MHz BW

fcfc

-103 dBm/1.23 MHz

fc

Spurious Signals

The CDMA Concept

IS-2000 Terms and Definitions

• Chip

• Is the period of a data bit at the final spreading rate

• SR - Spreading Rate

• Defines the final spreading rate in terms of 1.2288 Mcps.

• RC - Radio Configuration

• Defines the physical channel configuration based upon a base channel data rate.

• RCs contain rates derived from their base rate. For example, RC3 is based on 9.6 kbps and includes 9.6, 19.2, 38.4, 76.8, and 153.6 kbps.

Received Signal

Time

Correlation = 1

Correlation = 0

Correlation = 0

Correlation = 0

What is Correlation ?

• Is a Measure of How Well a Given Signal Matches a Desired Code

• The Desired Code is Compared to the Given Signal at Various Test Times

MTSO

Vocoder / Selector

Base Station 2Base Station 1

Land Link

Spatial Diversity During Soft Handoff

Combats Fading, Caused by Multipath

Fading Acts like Notch Filter to a Wide Spectrum Signal

May Notch only Part of SignalAmplitude

Frequency

1.25 MHz BW

CDMA Frequency Diversity

Uses Rake Receiver

Data is Interleaved

Convolutional Encoding

Viterbi Decoding

CDMA Time Diversity

Time

Frequency

Amplitude

The Rake Receiver

Power Control

•Important in cdma systems because of frequency reuse of N=1

•The goal is to maintain equal received power at the base station from each mobile

•Affects traffic channels (not pilot signal)

Near-far effect: BS receiver captured by nearby MS

All Mobiles are Received at Base Station at Equal Power

Two Types of Control– Open Loop Power Control– Closed Loop Power Control

CDMA Power Control (Reverse Link)

Assumes Loss is Similar on Forward and Reverse Paths.

Receive Power+Transmit Power = -73– All powers in dBm

Example:–For a Received Power of -85 dBm (at the mobile)

Transmit Power = (-73) - (-85) Transmit Power = +12 dBm

Open Loop Power Control (Reverse Link)

Directed by Base Station (for the Reverse Link) and by Mobile (for the Forward Link)

Updated Every 1.25 msec

1 dB Step Size (also 0.25 and 0.5 dB)

Closed Loop Adds to Open Loop Power Estimate on Reverse Link

Closed Loop Power Control (Forward & Reverse)

WalshCover

I Short Code

Q Short Code

FIR

FIR1.2288Mbps

Walsh Code Generator

I

Q

1.2288Mbps

1.2288 Mbps

1.2288 Mbps

Long Code

19.2 kbps

19.2 kbps

Vocoded Speech data

20 msec blocks

Interleaver

Power Control

Puncturing

19.2 kbps

19.2 kbps

800 bps

800 bps

P.C.MUX

9.6 kbp

s

19.2 kbps

3/4 rate

1/2 rate

14.4 kbp

s

19.2 kbps

Convolutional

EncoderLong CodeScrambling

Short Code Scrambler

Forward Link Traffic Channel IS-95 Physical Layer

Code Domain Power (IS-95)

User #3

Frequency Domain

User #2

User #1

Synch

Paging

Pilot

1.2288 MHzfreq

Code Domain

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 32 40 63User

1User

3User

2

Walsh Code

Pilot Paging Synch

Contents





IS-2000 Improvements vs. IS-95

• 2X Voice Capacity

• Reverse Link Pilot for Each Mobile

• Fast Forward (new) and Reverse Link Power Control

• QPSK Modulation

• Improved Convolutional Channel Encoding for 14.4 kbps Voice Channels

• Supports Auxiliary Pilots for Beam Forming

• Forward Link Transmit Diversity - OTD, STS, Multi-Antenna

cdma

2000

cdmaOne to cdma2000 1xRTT

• 1xRTT Keeps same chip rate and carrier bandwidth

• Splits the data into I and Q

• Keep existing IS-95-based channels for backwards compatibility with IS-95 mobiles

• IS-95B enhancements retained

• Adds new radio configurations, adds new FWD and REV channels

• New optional control channels

• New fundamental traffic channels

• New supplemental traffic channels for faster data

• New turbo codes and spreading techniques

• Operators can deploy 1xRTT with no additional spectrum and minor equipment upgrading

IS-95B Today

•Single Carrier 1.2288 MCPS•Sectors different short PNs•Mobiles different Long PNs•9600, 14400 rate sets35 max users/sector/carrier

Next: 1xRTT

•Single Carrier 1.2288 MCPS•Sectors different short PNs•Mobiles different Long PNs•Backward compatible IS-95•Independent Short PN I & Q70 max users/sector/carrier•More rates, modes, channels•Better administration

CDMA2000 to Achieve 3G Data Rates• New transmission modes offer faster data rates

• Voice and data to more than 144 kbps in unrestricted general mobile use (1xRTT)(up to 153.6 kbps per SCH in RC3)

• Up to ~384 kbps packet or circuit data at medium speeds (1xRTT gives 307 kbps using 1 SCH and RC4)

• Up to 2 Mbps data rates when fixed in favorable locations (3xRTT exceeds 2Mbps)

• 1xEV-DO and 1xEV-DV: 2.4 Mbps and higher

IS-95A/J-Std008

IS-95B

1xRTT

3xRTT

Technology Data Capabilities

Up to 14.4 kbps using one traffic channel for supplemental data

Up to 115.2 kbps using 1 traffic channel and up to 7 supplemental code channels supporting 14.4 kbps each

Up to 153.6 kbps (RC3) or 307.2 kbps (RC4) per SCH (one deployed today); RC3 avail. today; Uses fundamental & supplemental channels, advanced rate and QoS managementUp to 1.0386 Mbps (RC9) using fundamental channel for voice and supplemental channel(s) for data; 2 Mbps using 2 SCH

SPEED LIMIT

14.4kbps

TRUCKS

9.6kbps

SPEED LIMIT

307kbps

TRUCKS

153Kbps

USE I & Q LANES

cdmaOne cdma2000/IS-2000

The CDMA Technology Path to 3G

Technology

Generation

SignalBandwidth,

#Users

Features:Incremental

Progress

1G

AMPS

DataCapabilities

30 kHz.1

First System,Capacity

&Handoffs

None,2.4K by modem

2G

IS-95A/J-Std008

1250 kHz.20-35

First cdma,Capacity,Quality

14.4K

2G

IS-95B

1250 kHz.25-40

•Improved Access

•Smarter Handoffs

64K

2.5G or 3?

IS-2000:1xRTT

1250 kHz.50-80 voice

and data

•Enhanced Access

•Channel Structure

153K307K230K

3G

1xEV-DO/DV

1250 kHz.Many packet

users

Faster data rates on 1x

carrier

2.4 Mb/s(1xEV-DO)

3.864 Mb/s(1xEV-DV)

3G

IS-2000:3xRTT

F: 3x 1250kR: 3687k

120-210 per 3 carriers

Faster data rates on

shared 3-carrier bundle

2.0 Mb/s

Differences Between W-CDMAand cdma2000

W-CDMA cdma2000

New Spectrum only Overlay IS-95

3.84 Mcps 1.2288 Mcps

New equipment Upgrade existing

3GPP 3GPP2

Contents





IS-2000 SR1, RC3 (9.6 kbps) Traffic Channel (F-FCH)

OptionalCan be Carried by F-DCCH

8.6 kbps

1228.8 kbps

Long CodeDecimator

Interleaver

38.4 ksps

1/4 Rate Conv.Encoder

38.4 ksps

9.6 kbps

Long CodeGenerator

38.4 kbps

PowerControlPuncture

Walsh 64Generator

1228.8 kcps

1228.8 kcps

1228.8 kbps

1228.8kbps

Q

I

S -P

800 bps

PCUser LongCode Mask

Q

I

PCDec

1228.8 kcps

Q Short Code

I

Q

1228.8 kcps

ComplexScrambling

Q

I

FIR

FIRI Short Code

Orthogonal Spreading

1228.8 kcps

1228.8 kcps

+

+

+

-

38.4 ksps

19.2 ksps

19.2 ksps

P.C. Bits

Decimate by Walsh Length/2

Gain

Gain

PunctureTiming

Full RateData Bits

Add CRC and Tail Bits

800 bps

Short Code Scrambler

Walsh CodeGenerator

1228.8 kcps

Q Short Code

Q

I

FIR

FIR

I Short CodeIS-95B

Forward Common Pilot

19.2 ksps

Walsh 128Generator

1228.8 kcps

1228.8 kcps

1228.8 kbps

1228.8kbps

Q

I

Q

I

1228.8 kcps

Q Short Code

I

Q

1228.8 kcps

ComplexScrambling

Q

I

FIR

FIRI Short CodeAll 1’s

1228.8 kcps

1228.8 kcps

+

+

+

-

Orthogonal Spreading

All 0’s

• Equivalent to IS-95 pilot (Walsh 0 with chip offsets identifying BSs)

• 512 total PNs with 64-chip offsets

• Provides synchronism, signal measurements and phase reference

• Pilot, Paging, Sync applied only to in-phase channel

Creating a Walsh Codes Matrix

01 W

11

112 WW

WWW

22

224 WW

WWW

nn

nnn WW

WWW2. . .

0 00 0000 0000000001 0101 01010101

0011 001100110110 01100110

00001111010110100011110001101001

W 1 W 2 W 4 W 8

ExampleReferencing Walsh Codes

W4[2] = 0011

W8[7] = 01101001

W2[0] = 00

87w = Walsh Set 8

Walsh Code 7

Hadamard Sequence

Walsh 2 Walsh 4 Walsh 8

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1

1 1 -1 -1

1 1 1 11 1

1 -1 1 -1 1 -1

1 -1 -1 1

1

1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -11 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 11 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 11 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1

1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1

1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1

0

1

0

1

2

3

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

SF=2 SF=4 SF=81 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1

1 1 -1 -1

1 1 1 1

1 1

1 -1

1 -1 1 -1

1 -1 -1 1

1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1

1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1

1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1

1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1

1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1

1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -10

1

0

2

1

3

0

4

2

6

1

5

3

7

Bit Reversed Sequence

IS-2000 Walsh Code Tree

Walsh Set 2Walsh Set 4 Walsh Set 8

SF=16SF=2 SF=4 SF=8

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1

1 1 -1 -1

1 1 1 1

1 1

1 -1

1 -1 1 -1

1 -1 -1 1

1

1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1

1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1

1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1

1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1

1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1

1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1

1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1

1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1

1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1

1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 11 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1

1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1

1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1

1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1

1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1 1 -1

1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1

1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1

1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1

1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1

Effects of Using Variable Length Walsh Codes

• Logical 1’s and 0’s can be represented as physical -1’s and 1’s in the modulation domain

• Shorter Codes on a Branch map into Longer Codes

• Using Shorter Walsh Codes Precludes Using all Longer Codes Derived from the Original

WalshSet 2

WalshSet 4

WalshSet 8

WalshSet 16

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1

Walsh Codes with SF=8

Matches = 4Mismatches = 4

Net Correlation = 0

Match? Y N N Y Y N N Y

Code

Code

Orthogonality of Walsh Codes

• Walsh codes are :

• Orthogonal with each Other and Their Inverses:

• Orthogonality = Equal Number of Matches and Mismatches

IS-2000 Walsh Code Tree (Top Half)

Walsh Set #1

Walsh Set #2

Walsh Set #4

Walsh Set # 8

Set # 32 Set # 64 Walsh Set # 128

28

24

40

20

0

32

16

48

8

56

4

36

52

12

44

60

2

34

18

50

10

42

26

58

54

14

46

30

62126

6294

110

4678

118

5486

102

3870

122

5890

106

4274

114

5082

98

3466

124

6092

108

4476

116

5284

100

3668

120

5688

104

4072

8

24

4

20

12

28

2

18

10

26

6

22

14

30

6

38

22

0

16

8

24

4

20

12

28

2

18

10

26

6

22

14

30

Set #16

0

8

4

12

2

10

6

14

0

4

2

6

0

2

0

0

064

32

9616

8048

112

IS-2000 Forward Radio Configurations• Radio Configuration 1 - Required

• Backwards compatible mode with TIA/EIA-95-B

• Based on 9,600 bps Traffic

• Radio Configuration 2

• Backwards compatible mode with TIA/EIA-95-B

• Based on 14,400 bps Traffic

• Radio Configurations 3, 4, and 5

• All use new IS-2000 coding for improved capacity

• RC3 is based on 9,600 bps and goes up to 153,600 bps



Data Rates & Radio Configurations

RadioConfiguration

RC1

RC2

RC3

RC4

RC5

RC6

RC7

RC8

RC9

SpreadingRate

SR1

1 carrier1.2288MCPS

SR3

3.6864MCPS

as3 carriers

1.2288MCPS

Forward Link

Required. IS-95B CompatibleNo cdma2000 coding features

Compatible with IS-95B RS2No cdma2000 coding features

Quarter-rate convolutional or Turbo Coding, base rate 9600

Half-rate convolutional or Turbo Coding, base rate 9600

3/8 rate convolutional or Turbo Coding, base rate 14400

1/6 rate convolutional or Turbo coding, base rate 9600

Required. 1/3 rate convolutional or Turbo coding, base rate 9600

¼ or 1/3 rate convolutional orTurbo coding, base rate 14400

½ or 1/3 rate convolutional or Turbo encoder, base rate 14400

9600variable

14400variable

9600153600

9600307200

14400230400

9600307200

9600614400

14400460800

144001036800

Reverse Link

¼ rate conv or Turbo coding, 9600½ rate conv or Turbo coding, 9600

¼ rate convolutional or Turbo Coding, base rate 14400

Required. ¼ or 1/3 convolutionalOr Turbo coding, base rate 9600

¼ or ½ convolutional or Turboencoding

9600153600307200

14400230400

9600307200614400

14400460800

1036800

Required. IS-95B CompatibleNo cdma2000 coding features

Compatible with IS-95B RS2No cdma2000 coding features

9600variable

14400variable

DataRates

DataRates

RadioConfiguration

RC1

RC2

RC3

RC4

RC5

RC6

2G Today: IS-95 CDMA Channels

• Existing IS-95A/JStd-008 cdma offers one physical structure using just the channels shown above

• IS-2000 cdma is backward-compatible with this IS-95, but offers additional radio configurations with additional channels

FORWARD CHANNELS REVERSE CHANNELS

BTS

W0: PILOT

W32: SYNC

W1: PAGING

Wn: TRAFFIC

ACCESS

TRAFFIC

cdma2000 Channels

• Dedicated: Point-to-point, single BS single MS

• Common: Shared information for/from multiple MS

Dedicated Control Channel

CDMA2000 SR1 CDMA Channels

Same coding as IS-95B,Backward compatible



Broadcast Channel

Quick Paging Channel

Common Power Control Channel

Common Assignment Channel

Common Control Channels

Forward Traffic Channels

Fundamental Channel

Supplemental CodeChannels IS-95B only

SupplementalChannels RC3,4,5

Includes PowerControl Subchannel

Enhanced Access Channel

CommonControl Channel

DedicatedControl Channel

Reverse FundamentalChannel (IS95B comp.)

Reverse Supplemental Channel

Access Channel(IS-95B compatible)

BTS

FORWARD CHANNELS

F-Pilot

F-Sync

PAGING

F-BCH

F-QPCH

F-CPCCH

F-CACH

F-CCCH

F-DCCH

1

1

1 to 7

0 or 1

0 or 1

0 or 1

0 or 1

0 to n

0 or 1

F-FCH

F-SCCH

F-SCH

0 to many

0 or 1

0 to 7

0 to 2

IS-95B only

R-TRAFFIC

REVERSE CHANNELS

R-Pilot

R-CCCH

R-DCCH

R-FCH

R-SCH

R-EACH

1

1

0 or 1

0 or 1

0 to 2

R-ACH or

0 or 1

cdma2000 Rev A

IS-95 or cdma2000 Rev 0 or Rev A

cdma2000 Rev 0 or Rev A

cdma2000 Rev 0 or Rev A (related to traffic)

IS-95B only

F-TRAFFIC

IS-95 or cdma2000 Rev 0 or Rev A (related to traffic)

IS-95 or cdma2000 Rev 0

F-QPCH The Quick Paging Channel• IS-2000 mobiles in slotted mode can use the Quick Paging Channel to

determine whether they need to wake up and read the paging channel to receive an incoming page

• Each sector can have up to three F-QPCH Walsh codes assigned

• Walsh Code 48 (128-bit)



• The QPCH slots are 80 ms long

• QPCH slots begin 20 ms before corresponding paging slots

• Page indicators are transmitted on the QPCH 100 ms before the associated paging channel slot containing the page

• Mobiles that see paging indicators on the QPCH 100 ms before their paging slot wake up and read the paging channel; mobiles that do not see the indicators go back to sleep

Contents





Network-Side Improvements in CDMA2000• cdma2000 RF improvements create a whole new

type of channel which can carry fast data

• The RF link is no longer the bottleneck for mobile data!

• All this new fast data has to go through some kind of equipment

• The traditional voice circuit-switched plant can't handle it

• It handles only circuit-switched 64 kb/s DS-0s, which would be a big bottleneck for high speed data

• A whole new back-side packet data network is needed to bypass mobile data around the switch, into internet or VPNs

• Fortunately, existing LAN-style data technologies can be used, and and are much more hardware-efficient than traditional switching

Existing 2nd Generation CDMA Voice Networks

• 2nd Generation cdma Networks were designed primarily to handle voice

• The cdma voice conversation’s 20-ms frames are carried as packets between mobile and the Selector

• The selector assembles frames being sent to the mobile and disassembles frames coming from the mobile

• Frame contents normally include voice and occasional signaling; may also include data if additional equipment is included (not shown)

• The vocoders in the BSC and the mobile convert the packet stream into continuous DS-0 audio for the end-users

• The MSC makes a circuit-switched connection for call

t1t1 CIRCUIT-SWITCHED VOICE TRAFFIC

v CESEL

rf

t1Handset

BTS

(C)BSC orAccess Manager

Switch

PSTN

POINT-TO-POINT PACKETS

14400 bps max

Understanding the foundation of 3G Networks:Basic 2G CDMA Network Architecture

Access Manageror (C)BSC

Switch BTS

Ch. Card ACC

TFU1

GPSRBSM

CDSU

CDSU

SBSVocodersSelectors

CDSU

CDSU

CDSU

CDSU

CDSU

CMSLM

LPP LPPENET

DTCs

DMS-BUS

TxcvrA

TxcvrB

TxcvrC

RFFEA

RFFEB

RFFEC

TFU

GPSR

GPS GPS

IOC

PSTN

CDSU DISCOCDSU

DISCO 1

DISCO 2

DS0 in T1Packets

ChipsRFVocoder

A vocoder converts speech between DS-0 and packet forms

The selector assembles packets going to the BTS and disassembles packets coming from the BTS.

A channel element turns packet bits into cdma chips to the mobile, and chips from the mobile into packets to the BSC.

ChannelElement

Data Capability Today on a 2G CDMA Network

• Additional hardware is needed to carry data on a 2G network

• Data to/from the user connects near the selector in the BSC

• Passed through the switch as 56kb/s data links in 64kb/s DS-0s

• Data connection to outside world handled by IWF Interworking Function

• Includes modems to convert data stream into DS-0 for dial-up uses

• Can contain data routers to access IP or PPP networks

• May include capability for FAX and other communications modes

t1t1v CESEL

t1

GatewayServer

InternetVPNs

PSTN

IWFrf

CIRCUIT-SWITCHED VOICE TRAFFIC

BTS

(C)BSC orAccess Manager

Switch

BackboneNetwork

HandsetPOINT-TO-POINT PACKETS

PROPRIETARY SLOW IP TRAFFIC

DIAL-UP ACCESS

14400 bps max

Cdma2000 NetworkPacket Data Requires New H/W including PCF and PDSN

HLR

Home AccessProvider Network

VLR

Visited Access ProviderNetwork

MobileClient

L

Radio Network

R-P

PDSN

PCF

Internet

VisitedAAA

HomeAAA

Home Access Provider IP Private Network

Home Network

MSC

BSCAAA - Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting PCF - Packet Control FunctionPDSN - Packet Data Service NodeHA – Home AgentRN – Radio Network

3G Data Capabilities: 1xRTT CDMA Network

• For full-featured data access over a 3G network, a true IP connection must be established to outside Packet Data Networks

• This requires a Packet Data Serving Node

• ISP and operator-provided services are provided by external Home Network and Home Agent servers

• Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting provided by external server

• The IWF (not shown above) is still maintained to allow old mobiles to use dial-up and WAP/wireless web keypad access

t1t1v CESEL

rf

t1

R-P Interface

fiber - ATMPDSNForeign Agent

PDSNHome Agent

BackboneNetworkInternet

VPNs

PSTN

T T SECURE TUNNELSAuthenticationAuthorizationAccountingAAA

CIRCUIT-SWITCHED VOICE TRAFFIC

BTS

(C)BSC/Access Manager

Switch

WirelessMobile Device

POINT-TO-POINT PACKETS

FAST IP PACKET TRAFFIC

Fast!

QoS Classes and Objectives

• 4 main classes of service

• Requirements for delay, accuracy and order of transmission

Class of Service

Conversational

Streaming

Interactive

Background

Typical Applications

Voice, Video Telephony, video games

Streaming Multimedia: meetings, seminars,

presentations

Web Browsing; Network Games

Background Email download;Non-critical telemetry

Main Objectives

Low time delay, information delivered in same order sent

Preserve time relation of packets; delay is not very critical

Request/Response pattern; preserve data integrity

Destination is not expecting the data within a certain time. Preserve data integrity.

Definitions & LegendIPInternet ProtocolLACLink Access ControlMACMedium Access ControlOSIOpen System InterconnectPPPPoint-to-Point ProtocolQoSQuality of ServiceRLPRadio Link ProtocolTCPTransmission Control ProtocolUDPUser Datagram Protocol

cdma2000 Protocol Layers

New incdma2000!

Physical Layer

IPPPP

Packet DataApplication

Voice Services

Circuit Data Application

TCP UDPHigh Speed

Circuit NetworkLayer Services

LAC LAC Protocol

MAC

MACControl State

Best Effort Delivery RLP

Multiplexing QoS Control

OS

I Lay

er 2

Lin

k L

ayer

OS

I Lay

ers

3-7

Up

per

Lay

ers

OS

IL

ayer

1

Null LAC

Sig

nal

ing

Ser

vice

s

Conclusions

• IS-2000 is Backwards Compatible with TIA/EIA-95-B

• Provides 2x Capacity Improvement Over TIA/EIA-95-B

• Improved Coding

• Improved Modulation

• Coherent Reverse Link Demodulation (Mobile Pilot)

• Fast Forward Link Power Control

• Supports High Speed Data for New Applications

Acknowledgements

• Selected Materials Were Contributed By:

• Agilent Technologies Wireless Network Services Division, Wireless Institute of Technology Group, Melbourne, FL

• Scott Baxter and Associates, Nashville, TN

• 3GPP2 web site: www.3gpp2.org

cdma2000-walsh code.ppt

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