cde competition on fass - technology challenge 1
TRANSCRIPT
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Competition briefing
This CDE competition will focus on 4 elements of the wider FASS scope
• people
• hand baggage
• hold Baggage
• cargo
OFFICIAL
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Competition Briefing
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Research and Development Manager
Heathrow Security Policy Team
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Delivering security
Increased and varied threat
Passenger numbers are increasing
Sophisticated travellers – greater expectations
• no excessive queuing
• do not want to take their shoes and coats off
• want to carry liquids in cabin baggage
• do not want their items spread over two or more trays
• will challenge procedures that they do not understand
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Operational factors
Space constraints in existing buildings
Detection technologies footprints are increasing
Some detection technologies are too slow in throughput terms
• false alarm rate
• concept of operations
• process time
• operator decision time
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The perfect solution
Design
smaller in size
faster in throughput
lower in false alarm rates
growth in detection
IT flexible
Human Factors
security user friendly
passenger user friendly
maintenance friendly
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Technology challenge 1: Screening individuals and their hand baggage
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Threat list
• explosive devices
• incendiary devices
• device components
• explosive main charge
• explosive detonators
• power/timer elements
• firearms
• ammunition
• knives
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Technology challenge 1: Screening individuals…
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…and their hand baggage
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Current multi layered approach
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Recompose
area
Dives
t
Explosiv
e trace
detection
Metal
detector
X-ray
Manual
bag
search Body
Scanner
Canine
Search
Resolution
Canine
Search
Staff
Shoe
screen
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Hand search
Effective against all threat types if carried out correctly
• slow
• intrusive
• strenuous for the screener
• unpleasant for both the passenger and the screener
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Metal detectors
• Walk Through Metal Detectors (WTMD) supported by Hand Held Metal Detectors (HHMD)
• zonal alarms
• random search ratio for non metallic threats
• only detects metals
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Active millimetre wave scanners • non-ionising radiation
• no image of passenger
• automatic threat recognition
Advantages • removes privacy concerns • removes ‘human’ element
Disadvantages • current ATR has higher FAR
than screener • can’t easily distinguish benign
anomalies
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Explosive detections dogs
• trained to detect multiple target materials
• effective at picking up these target odours if trained correctly
• developing and maintaining this capability is reliant on training in an operational environment
• limited coverage as dogs only able to work short shifts
• good deterrent
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Explosive trace detection
Effectiveness of trace screening relies on
• detection systems performing at required level
• effective surface swabbing
Too slow to sample all people
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People screening requirements
Metallic and non-metallic threat items • better identification of item/material
• reduce false alarm rate
• further increase detection of difficult concealments on person
Increased throughput • remove need to divest
• walking speed/non-compliant screening an aspiration
Technologies/processes to resolve initial alarm • systems to aid alarm resolution
• reduce searcher burden
• high accuracy
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Automated X-ray (Explosive Detection System)
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Cabin baggage systems
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Weapons detection?
Explosive detection solid and liquid
Central Search X-Rays
Remote Screeners
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Explosive trace detection
Effectiveness of trace screening relies on:
• detection systems performing at required level
• effective surface swabbing
Too slow to sample all bags
OFFICIAL
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Liquid, aerosol and gels screening
Wide range of underlying technology to exploit physical and chemical properties of liquid explosives
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Wideband Radio
Frequency Complex
Impedance
Calorimetric wet
chemistry
Spatially Off-set Raman
Spectroscopy (SORS)
X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
Multi Mode Microwave near
field sensor
Multi Spectral
Analysis
Computed
Tomography
RF + Ultra Sound
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Hand baggage screening requirements Handle complex bags
• screen quickly in the presence of complex metal, dense objects or clutter
• reduce the need to divest items from bags
• assist screener in detecting artfully concealed items
Detection of a wide range of threats • all types of explosive materials
• firearms identification
• respond easily to new/emerging threats (material, shape)
Increase throughput
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