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CDAA National Conference Brisbane 2017
Keynote Presentation:
Career practitioners as sense makers: practical skills, uncomfortable questions
Presented by Dr Ann Villiers, Mental Nutritionist®, PCDAA
Regardless of context and client base, influencing our clients, organisations and profession [both nationally and internationally], with self-awareness, is one of the most demanding tasks we face. Using practice-related demonstrations and examples, the presentation explored how everyday and professional taken-for-granted constructions of careers impact communicating, choices and decisions. The presentation examined:
How our personal acts of meaning making give rise to potentially unhelpful practices that play out in our dealings with clients and colleagues
How vocational information and assessment tools are socially constructed and contain unexamined assumptions that underpin how we think about careers.
Practitioners were:
offered language practices to expand their response repertoire guided to question the unquestioned in professional practice, and challenged to consider uncomfortable questions about the future, namely, for
practitioners, How to offer hope, and for the profession, What sort of society do we want to live in?
The presentation is based on and extends the practical application of:
my article ‘Career practitioners as sense makers’, Australian Career Practitioner, Vol 26, Issue 2, Winter 2015 pp 15-17
my research: Shining a light on occupational inter-relationships http://www.selectioncriteria.com.au/docs/Articles/ResearchReportFinal.pdf
my book: Gorgeous Daring Dames, How to grow in confidence, clarity & commitment.
Relevant Professional Standards for Australian Career Development Practitioners
6.3.1.b. Apply career development theories to practice 6.3.3.b. Use effective verbal communication skills 6.3.5.b. Respect diversity
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Our grim future: So grim the Emeritus Faculty at ANU is discussing the idea of a National Centre of Excellence in Human Survival.
Geopolitical volatility, fiscal crises, cyber attacks, global disease, food insecurity, false news,
mental illness, inequality, housing unaffordability, job insecurity, un/under employment, redundancies, worker exploitation
Our grim future?
Ecosystem collapse, resource depletion, nuclear war, climate change, famine,
overpopulation, pandemic disease, universal surveillance, uncontrollable technologies, failing infrastructure
Three 21st century skills for career practitioners:
Transdisciplinary: career development theory would benefit greatly from an expanded discipline base, beyond psychology; labour market dynamics needs to be informed by some understanding of economics so as to provide hope through realism.
Advanced critical analysis: rather than the ‘click and flick’ approach to sharing information and resources, [i.e. ‘here’s something interesting I’ve found online, I’ll flick it to the LinkedIn discussion board], provide information about why anyone should look at this information. Critically assess it: who wrote it, who funded the research, what are the vested interests, what methodology was used, how sound is it, what conclusions were reached, what application does the information have, what are the gaps and assumptions?
Sense making: assess the contents of your ‘mental pantry’, such as your rules, assumptions, labels. Ours is not an apolitical profession, nor is it value-neutral. Lives are shaped by the labels and categories we use in our practice.
Language practices for practitioners:
Encourage a ‘designer label’ approach to self-identity by offering a broad range of qualities, not just those favoured by employers. [refer last 2 pages]
Take care in applying and imposing professional terms such as extrovert-introvert labels. Be aware of their social connotations.
Change how boys and men explore careers by focusing on social [communication and interpersonal] skills: o Challenge ideas of masculinity: Explore the behavioural expression of values with
clients to expand how they are interpreted. For example, consider how Respect is expressed.
o Skills discourse: Stop using the term’ soft skills’. Elevate the value of caring and care-giving.
o Job guides: When exploring jobs and occupations either live or on line, include social skills, regardless of what job it is. Include details of social skills in occupational listings.
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o Encourage boys and men to see how social skills are important to any career, including ‘technical’ ones.
How to offer hope? What sort of society do we want to live in?
We’re surrounded with doom and gloom and a collective image of today’s worker, a transactional, commodified view.
Today’s desirable worker:
Autonomous, work ready, individual responsibility, branded, ME, 24/7 availability, hyper-connected
There’s a risk that career development is complicit in cultivating this view. We can’t offer certainty in the face of this doom and gloom. We can offer possibility and realism.
An alternative image is a worker who is self-reliant and interdependent, civil, concerned about reputation, mature, self-controlled, reflective, socially aware, caring and care-giving, active citizen.
Preferred world: just, civil, sustainable, peaceful, provides decent work for all, human.
Ask yourself what success in gender equality looks like. Go beyond 50:50 definitions. There’s a Chinese proverb that says: ‘Do not hope to reach a destination without
leaving the shore’. Providing hope for a better world may mean discarding some contents in your mental pantry, changing some tools and resources, and questioning taken-for-granted practice. By doing so we can individually and collectively build a world that is more just, more sustainable, and above all, more human.
Articles exploring some of these issues are located at
http://www.selectioncriteria.com.au/al-careerpractitioners.html
CDAA National Conference, Brisbane 2017
Take care when using online career resources Gender equality: what would success look like? Encourage creativity in expressing career stories 21st Century skills for career practitioners What is respect? Stop feeding body language myths Soft/Hard skills: A false dichotomy Shining a light on occupational inter-relationships Keynote summary, sources and resources
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Sources and Resources The books, reports and articles listed below underpin my presentation. Most articles and reports listed are available online. Sources are grouped under these headings:
21st Century Masculinities Feminism: women, stereotypes, gender equity, media representations Economics Interpersonal communication, discourse analysis, media images Hope.
21st Century
Committee for Economic Development of Australia Economic and Political Overview, 2017 http://apo.org.au/files/Resource/ceda_33302_cedaepo2017_final.pdf Should Climate Change Impact the Ethics of Lifelong Guidance? Sakari Saukkonen and Juha Parkkinen, University of Jyväskylä The Canadian Journal of Career Development/Revue canadienne de développement de carrière, Volume 10, Number 1 2011
Defining ‘STEM’ skills: review and synthesis of the literature Gitta Siekmann & Patrick Korbel NCVER 2016
Gitta Siekmann NATIONAL CENTRE FOR VOCATIONAL EDUCATION RESEARCH What is STEM? The need for unpacking its definitions and applications
NCVER Gitta Siekmann and Patrick Korbel Identifying STEM occupations: national and international approaches Support document 2
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COMMON EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS A Foundation for Success in the Workplace: The Skills All Employees Need, No Matter Where They Work National Network of Business and Industry Associations, US 2014
UNDERSTANDING ONLINE JOB ADS DATA: A TECHNICAL REPORT, 2014 ANTHONY P. CARNEVALE, TAMARA JAYASUNDERA, DMITRI REPNIKOV Center on Education and the Workforce McCourt School of Public Policy Georgetown University World Economic forum 2016 The Future of Jobs: Employment, Skills and Workforce Strategy for the Fourth Industrial Revolution World Economic Forum The Global Risks Report 2016 11th Edition Foundation for Young Australians, 2015 The New Work Order: Ensuring young Australians have skills and experience for jobs of the future, not the past Limiting Futures: youth unemployment in the A C T Anglicare 2016 Mission Australia, Annual Youth Survey 2016 https://www.missionaustralia.com.au/what-we-do/research-evaluation/youth-survey 12th Australian Election Study, ANU, School of Politics and International Relations http://www.australianelectionstudy.org/ The Future of Work: Setting kids up for success Regional Australia Institute, Australia’s Broadband Network Nov 2016 Tomorrow’s Digitally Enabled Workforce – megatrends and scenarios for jobs and employment in Australia over the next twenty years Future Work Skills 2020 Institute for the Future for the University of Phoenix Research Institute, 2011 Our future World: Global megatrends that will change the way we live Stefan Hajkowicz, Hannah Cook, Anna Littleboy CSIRO, 2012 Australia’s future workforce? June 2015 Committee for Economic Development of Australia
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McKinsey Global Institute A FUTURE THAT WORKS: AUTOMATION, EMPLOYMENT, AND PRODUCTIVITY
Jan 2017
The New Work Mindset, 7 new job clusters to help young people navigate the new work order Foundation for Young Australians, 2016 European Commission Assessing the implications of climate change adaptation on employment in the EU 2014 Comparative Analysis of Soft Skills : What is important for new graduates? Michigan State University, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, 2011 Pat Crawford, Suzanne Lang, Wendy Fink, Robert Dalton, Laura Fielitz Nothing to Fear but Fear Itself Demos, 2017 https://www.demos.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Demos-Nothing-to-Fear-but-Fear-Itself-Summary.pdf https://www.demos.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/DEMJ5104_nothing_to_fear_report_140217_WEBv1.pdf https://www.demos.co.uk/project/nothing-to-fear-but-fear-itself/ Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists It is two and a half minutes to midnight 2017 Doomsday Clock Statement February 12 2017 Nuclear war has been close many times in history Paul Malone http://www.canberratimes.com.au/comment/nuclear-war-has-been-close-many-times-in-history-20170210-guaaf7.html Science and Security Board Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists Editor, John Mecklin http://thebulletin.org/sites/default/files/Final%202017%20Clock%20Statement.pdf Using LMI effectively as part of developing Career _Adapt-ability Competencies _ Jenny Bimrose IER University of Warwick
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ADULT CAREER PROGRESSION & ADVANCEMENT: A FIVE YEAR STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GUIDANCE December, 2008 Jenny Bimrose & Sally-Anne Barnes Institute for Employment Research, University of Warwick and Deirdre Hughes DMH AssociatesT
FEBRUARY 14 2017 The Canberra Times
What a relief that climate change doesn't really exist Ross Gittins The Canberra Times, FEBRUARY 14 2017 Coal will kill more people than World War II. Why do our ministers joke about it? Julian Cribbs Brotherhood of St Laurence GENERATION STALLED YOUNG, UNDEREMPLOYED AND LIVING PRECARIOUSLY IN AUSTRALIA MARCH 2017 http://library.bsl.org.au/jspui/bitstream/1/9409/1/BSL_Generation_stalled_young_underemployed_2017.pdf How to avoid early extinction: make Australian students ‘survival literate’ Australia21 Director and ANU Professor Emeritus Bob Douglas: http://australia21.org.au/event-archive/avoid-early-extinction-make-australian-students-survival-literate/#.WOHcwoVOIdU The New Black: The overworked, underpaid, cash-in-hand worker is becoming increasingly common, Ann Arnold, The Monthly Essay https://www.themonthly.com.au/issue/2017/february/1485867600/ann-arnold/new-black Mission Australia, Youth Mental Health Report, Youth Survey 2012-16 http://apo.org.au/files/Resource/2017-youth-mental-health-report_mission-australia-and-black-dog-institute.pdf ucpix.htmlhttp://www.canberratimes.com.au/comment/what-a-relief-that-climate-change-
doesnt-really- exist-20170214-gucb48.htmhttp://www.canberratimes.com.au/comment/coal-
will-kill-more-people-than-world-war-ii-why-do-our-ministers-joke-about-it-20170214-
Masculinities:
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Cultural Expectations of Muscularity in Men: The Evolution of Playgirl Centerfolds Richard A. Leit,1* Harrison G. Pope, Jr.,2,3 and James J. Gray1 © 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Evolving Ideals of Male Body Image as Seen Through Action Toys Harrison G. Pope, Jr.,1,2* Roberto Olivardia,1,3 Amanda Gruber,1,2 and John Borowiecki1 © 1999 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 2004 by the Educational Publishing Foundation 2004, Vol. 5, No. 2, 112–120 Biceps and Body Image: The Relationship Between Muscularity and Self-Esteem, Depression, and Eating Disorder Symptoms Roberto Olivardia, Harrison G. Pope Jr., John J. Borowiecki III, and Geoffrey H. Cohane McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School 21 Pictures Of Politicians In Hard Hats Pointing At Things It’s election time, so watch out if you work on a building site. They point here, they point there. posted on Apr. 21, 2015, at 8:12 a.m. Jim Waterson BuzzFeed News Reporter, UK https://www.buzzfeed.com/jimwaterson/the-king-of-hi-vis?utm_term=.atqkqNjg#.sn6Nrek5 December 2 2016 Jacqueline Maley The Canberra Times, December 2 2016 Don't be angry: the economic crunch that could usher in an equality revolution http://www.canberratimes.com.au/comment/dont-be-angry-the-economic-crunch-that-could-usher-in-an-equality-revolution-20161201-gt1w1z.html
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Feminism: women, stereotypes, gender equity, media representations
Infographic of Where we are today http://www.unwomen.org/digital-library/multimedia/2015/9/infographic-gender-equality-where-are-we-today Committee for Economic Development of Australia, 2015 CEDA’s Top 10 Speeches Women in Leadership 2010–2015 University of York 2006 Quantitative Methods for Analysing Gender, Ethnicity and Migration Milka Metso & Nicky Le Feuvre
Women in Leadership: understanding the gender gap CEDA June 2013 http://adminpanel.ceda.com.au/folders/Service/Files/Documents/15355~cedawiljune%202013final.pdf Senate Standing Committee on Finance and Public Administration Domestic violence and gender inequality November 2016 Submission 49, p. 1. The evidence referred to is Flood, Michael and Pease, Bob (2009), 'Factors influencing attitudes to violence against women', Trauma, Violence and Abuse, 10(2): 125-142.
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Gender Roles & Occupations: A Look at Character Attributes and Job-Related Aspirations in Film and Television Stacy L. Smith, PhD, Marc Choueiti, Ashley Prescott & Katherine Pieper, PhD Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism University of Southern California An Executive Report Geena Davis Institute on Gender in Media https://seejane.org/
Who Wants to Be the Leader? The Linguistic Construction of Emerging Leadership in Differently Gendered Teams Judith Baxter1 1Aston University, Birmingham, UK Recommendations of the Federal Glass Ceiling Commission Washington, D.C. November 1995
MAKING FULL USE OF THE
Evidence That Gendered Wording in Job Advertisements Exists and Sustains Gender Inequality Danielle Gaucher and Justin Friesen, University of Waterloo Aaron C. Kay, Duke University Journal of Personality and Social Psychology © 2011 American Psychological Association 2011, Vol. 101, No. 1, 109–128
Screen Australia, 2015 Gender Matters: Women in the Australian Screen Industry Trading Choices: Young people’s career decisions and gender segregation in the trades, Report prepared for the Ministry of Women’s Affairs by New Zealand Council for Educational Research, September 2008, http://mwa.govt.nz/sites/public_files/trading-choices-young-peoples-decisions-and-gender-segregation-in-the-trades.pdf How long before parliaments have gender balance? We crunched the numbers. They’re not pretty Stephanie Peatling, December 18, 2016, The Canberra Times http://www.canberratimes.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/how-long-before-parliaments-have-gender-balance-we-crunched-the-numbers-theyre-not-pretty-20161212-gt91ka.html Life Matters, ABC RN, 23 February 2017 Shapes of motherhood: female body image before and after pregnancy http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/lifematters/shapes-of-motherhood/8289682
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Respectful Relationships Education In Schools: The Beginnings of Change Final Evaluation Report Prepared for Department of Premier and Cabinet and Department of Education and Training, Victoria Published by Our Watch 2016 Our Watch website: www.ourwatch.org.au http://www.education.vic.gov.au/Documents/about/programs/health/ourwatchrespectfulrelationships.pdf Building Respectful Relationships – Stepping out against gender-based violence Resources, Years 8-10 http://fuse.education.vic.gov.au/ResourcePackage/ByPin?pin=H9WQYK Gender segregation in the workplace and its impact on women's economic equality http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Finance_and_Public_Administration/Gendersegregation Australian Strategic Policy Institute, March 2017 Women, peace and security The way forward https://www.aspi.org.au/publications/women,-peace-and-security-the-way-forward/SI115_Women-peace-and-security.pdf The Canberra Times, 15 April 2017 'You better think twice': women tackle tech industry's toxic bro culture Catherine Armitage http://www.canberratimes.com.au/business/innovation/you-better-think-twice-women-tackle-tech-industrys-toxic-bro-culture-20170406-gvf7sb.html Care Australia’s submission to the development of Australia’s Foreign Policy White Paper http://dfat.gov.au/whitepaper/submissions/documents/170307-634-CARE-Australia.PDF Submissions listed at: http://dfat.gov.au/whitepaper/submissions/index.html Articles by Steve Biddulph, author of Ten Things Girls Need to Know Start young to make girls strong http://www.canberratimes.com.au/comment/start-young-to-make-girls-strong-20170410-gvhh9y Fathers: help your girl be a strong wild child, not a princess http://www.canberratimes.com.au/comment/fathers-help-your-girl-be-a-strong-wild-child-not-a-princess-20170416-gvlp69.html The treacherous journey of friendships for girls http://www.canberratimes.com.au/comment/the-treacherous-journey-of-friendship-for-girls-20170430-gvvm20.html Ordinary dads are girls’ real superheroes http://www.canberratimes.com.au/comment/ordinary-dads-are-the-real-superheroes-for-daughters-20170506-gvzjrl.html
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Economics
Read Fairfax Media economics journalists: Ross Gittins Peter Martin Richard Denniss, Australia Institute Paul Malone
International Labour Organisation 2014 Resource guide on Gender issues in employment and labour market policies Working towards women’s economic empowerment and gender equality
Gender Differences in Recognition for Group Work Heather Sarsons_Harvard University December 3, 2015
THE AUSTRALIA WE WANT Community Council of Australia, 2016 Recommendations of the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures December 14, 2016 Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosure https://www.fsb-tcfd.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/16_1221_TCFD_Report_Letter.pdf Grattan Institute The wealth of generations John Daley and Danielle Wood Dec 2014
Now that we know where wage stagnation can lead Richard Denniss, November 19 2016 The Canberra Times http://www.canberratimes.com.au/comment/now-that-we-know-where-wage-stagnation-can-lead-20161118-gss9x1.html
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Some jobs are more equal than others Richard Denniss, November 4 2016 The Canberra Times http://www.canberratimes.com.au/comment/some-jobs-are-more-equal-than-others-20161104-gsi02h.html
February 5, 2017 Governments must do more to tackle tax avoidance and move towards equality Paul Malone http://www.canberratimes.com.au/comment/governments-must-do-more-to-tackle-tax-avoidance-and-move-towards-equality-20170202-gu3y2s.html February 9 2017 There is no real prospect that Malcolm Turnbull or Bill Shorten can create jobs John Hewson http://www.canberratimes.com.au/comment/theres-no-real-prospect-that-malcolm-turnbull-or-bill-shorten-will-create-more-jobs-20170208-gu8t1t.html Consuming our future on Big Ideas with Paul Barclay on RN, Thursday 9th March Only lowering our living standards will achieve sustainable growth. That’s the message from Satyajit Das. http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/bigideas/consuming-out-future/8298030
Interpersonal communication, discourse analysis, media images
Michelle R. Clayman Institute for Gender Research, Stanford University Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology Climbing the Technical Ladder: Obstacles and Solutions for Mid-Level women in Technology
Constructing Food Choice Decisions Jeffery Sobal, Ph.D., M.P.H. & Carole A. Bisogni, Ph.D. Published online: 29 September 2009 # The Society of Behavioral Medicine 2009 Abstract ann. behav. med. (2009) 38 (Suppl 1):S37–S46
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Journal of Education Policy, vol 25, 2010, issue 1, Employing discourse: universities and graduate ‘employability’, Rebecca Boden and Maria Nedeva Journal of Curriculum Studies, vol 30, 1998, issue 2, Employability skills: From corporate ‘wish list’ to government policy, Alison Taylor The Employability Skills Discourse: A conceptual analysis of the career and personal planning curriculum, Emery J hyslop-Margison, The Journal of Educational Thought, vol 34, No. 1, April 2000, pp. 59-72 Studies in Continuing Education, vol 32, 2010, Issue 2, Discourses on employability: constituting the responsible citizen, Andreas Fejes Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, Vol 22, 2007, Issue 4, Gender and forestry: A critical discourse analysis of forestry professions in Sweden, Gun Lidestav and Annika Egan SjÖlander
Sign Systems Studies 39(1), 2011 A semiotic alternative to communication in the processes in management accounting and control systems, Ulle Parl, School of Economics and Business Administration, University of Tartu Department of Accounting and Finance, Estonian Business School Lauteri, Tallinn, Estonia
Outing the Invisible Academic: how researchers can get the hearing they deserve Issues Paper No. 5 April 2015 Cathy Alexander, Melbourne Sustainable Society Institute, University of Melbourne MINDING OUR THERAPEUTIC CONVERSATIONS: MEANING BITS AND CHOREOGRAPHIES TOM STRONG, PH.D., University of Calgary Journal of Systemic Therapies, Vol, 25, No, 4, 2006, pp, 8-20 RMIT University, School of Media and Communication Kimberley Girl: Program Outcomes March 2017 http://apo.org.au/files/Resource/kimberley_pilbara_girl_program_outcomes_full_report_2017_.pdf
Hope Creating Hope, Opportunity, and Results for Disadvantaged Youth Part III Carolyn Acker & Norman Rowen, Co-Founders, The Pathways to Education Program The Canadian Journal of Career Development/Revue canadienne de développement de carrière, Volume 13, Number 2, 2014
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Norman Amundson Action-oriented, hope-centered Career interventions https://hopecareerinterventions.files.wordpress.com/2015/01/hope2015-cannexus.pdf https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=emmW1VgNuM8 Amundson, N., Niles, S., Yoon, H. J., Smith, B., In, H., & Mills, L. (2013). Hope Centred Career Development for University/College Students, pp. 1-39. Retrieved from http://www.ceric.ca/ceric/files/pdf/CERIC_Hope-Centered-Career-Research-Final-Report.pdf http://ceric.ca/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Hope-Project-Final-Report.pdf Restoring Hope: Responding to Career Concerns of Immigrant Clients Tatjana Elez, University of British Columbia The Canadian Journal of Career Development/Revue canadienne de développement de carrière, Volume 13 Number 1, 2014 The Effects of Hope on Student Engagement, Academic Performance, and Vocational Identity Hyung Joon Yoon, Al Akhawayn University Hyoyeon In, The Pennsylvania State University Spencer G. Niles, The College of William & Mary Norman E. Amundson, Barbara A. Smith, & Lauri Mills The University of British Columbia The Canadian Journal of Career Development/Revue canadienne de développement de carrière, Volume 14 Number 1, 2015 The concept of hope in nursing 6: Research/education/policy/practice Kaye A Herth; John R Cutcliffe British Journal of Nursing; Nov 28-Dec 11, 2002; 11, 21; ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source, pg. 1404
Hope http://www.emotionalcompetency.com/hope.htm 6-1-2012 The Relationship between Employability and Hope Christa Hinton DePaul University, [email protected] http://via.library.depaul.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1027&context=soe_etd
The final two pages are from Gorgeous Daring Dames, How to grow in confidence, clarity & commitment. They form the basis of the ‘Designer Label Garment’ demonstration. Practitioners may use/adapt this material for identity work with clients.
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Possible Designer Labels [from Gorgeous Daring Dames by Ann Villiers]
achiever activist adventurer advocate
ambassador author artist athlete
believer benefactor campaigner carer
champion coach companion conservationist
contributor discoverer dreamer eccentric
educator enthusiast entrepreneur explorer
idealist inspirer leader learner
lover mediator mentor patron
rebel reformer scholar traveller
dancer musician actor philanthropist
Daring Dame supporter thinker doer
hero non-conformist joker
critic rebel feminist environmentalist
active adaptable affectionate astute
brainy brave broad-minded canny
compassionate confident creative cultured
dedicated dependable determined daring
dynamic elegant forthright gutsy
bold humorous imaginative independent
inventive loyal observant patient
principled resilient responsible shrewd
spunky suave talented trustworthy
versatile vibrant wise witty
vigorous strong free invincible
rugged vocal powerful forceful
flamboyant quirky ambitious eloquent
easy-going faithful fearless frank
friendly generous handy healthy
honest indulgent intrepid jolly
keen out-going poised polite
punctual reliable gracious self-assured
sharp smart spirited tactful
vivacious energetic unconventional forgiving
defiant brazen provocative passionate
calm bolshie tenacious Amazonian
footloose influential irrepressible autonomous
self-reliant exotic
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Your Designer Label Garment [from Gorgeous Daring Dames by Ann Villiers]
Place your labels on this drawing. Choose as many labels as you wish.
exotic
calm
tenacious