FAIR PLAY ORGANIZES:

Students See CubaOn Xmas Tour asFP Clubs Spread

by Sherry FinerStudents now have a special opportunity to celebrate Christmas

in Cuba—and New Year's too. The Student Council of the Fair Playfor Cuba Committee has arranged an all expense paid tour for aChristmas vacation of a lifetime. The cost is irresistibly low, only $100total from Miami or $220 from New York. The closing day for reser

Cuba Answers Capitalist Hecklers—Page 4

YOUNC SOCIALISTTen Cents Voice of America's Future

Vol. 4, No. 3 December, 1960

vations is December 10th.Student contingents leave Mi-

ami December 23rd and returnJanuary 2nd. These flat ratescover transportation via Cubanaairlines to and from Miami, orNew York, and all expenses whilein Cuba, including accommoda-tions (rooms, a fabulous cuisine,swimming pool, and all facilities)at the luxurious Havana RiveraHotel, and a variety of excursionsto key points of interest frombeautiful Pina del Rio at one endof the 800-mile long island, to thefabled Sierra Maestra mountainsof Oriente Province at the other.For further information on theChristmas tour—as well as anyother aspect of Fair Play or Stu-

Report FromJapanpage 2

flent Council activities, publica-tions or plans—write to StudentCouncil, c/o Robert Taber, 799Broadway, N.Y. 3, N.Y.

TABER TOURSRobert Taber, executive secre-

tary of the Fair Play for CubaCommittee, former CBS reporterand expert on the Cuban revolu-tion, has just returned from aFair Play organizing tour of theMid-West. He leaves for a oneweek tour of New England No-vember 20th. When interviewedby the Michigan Daily of the Uni-versity of Michigan at Ann Ar-bor, Taber said, "During the rev-olution the communist positionhas often beenCastro's which

to the righthas tended

make them somewhat unpopularwith the people. Instead of tryingto stamp Castro's government out,we should get with it and get itwith us."

While in the Mid-West Tabersipoke before audiences rangingfrom 100 to 300 at Wayne (De-troit), Oberlin (Ohio), University

of Michigan (Ann Arbor) and theUniversity of Chicago. Amongthose colleges which already havefunctioning student councils arethe U of Iowa, U of Michigan,Antioch, C o l u m b i a , Stanford,Harvard, MIT, Boston U, Brand-eis, St. John's (Maryland), LosAngeles City College, U of Denver,Indiana Univ., Reed College (Or-egon,), U of Wisconsin, and Ben-nington ("Vermont). Organizationis now in preparation at othercolleges including the U of Vir-ginia, ('Charlottesville), U ofMinn., Queens College, Barnard,Swarthmore, and Valley College(California) and CCNY.

In the immediate future FairPlay hopes to set up a nationwidetour, with a prominent speakerfor Cuba, to consolidate campuschapters. The noted journalistI. F. Stone and Robert Taber areamong the speakers Fair Play hasavailable for campus appearances.

On the publications front, anEnglish edition of Dr. Fidel Cas-tro's world-shaking speech to theUnited Nations is now availablefor 25c a copy, or 20c for bulkquantities ordered from the Stu-dent Council office. The" Declara-tion of Havana, "Anatomy of aRevolution" by Huberman andSweezy and reprints of articles byProf. Shapiro (Univ. of Michi-gan) Carleton Seals and RobertTaber can also be obtained fromStudent Council.

MILLS SPEAKS UP

Soon to be published is a newbook by C. Wright Mills entitled"Listen Yankee: The Revolutionin Cuba." When interviewed Oct-ober 12th by the Columbia OwlMills had the following descrip-tion of his book: "It's a shortbook, about 60,000 words. It is astatement of the argument of theCuban Revolution within thecontext of the hungry nation bloc,ultimately more important thaneither the Western or the Sovietbloc. The book deals with the stu-pidity of United States foreignpolicy in Latin America, Cuba be-

(Continued on Page 4) I

—photo courtesy IN'KACUBAN EDUCATION: School children at the new, Cuban government-built school building on thecooperative of Hermano Sate in Pinar del Rio province run up to greet an INRA (National Institute o2the Agrarian Reform) representative. There is no school discrimination, not even "separate but equal'

ADMINISTRATION VS. FREE SPEECH:

CCNY Students Fight Dobbs Bunby Sylvia Reubens '

NEW YORK CITY—The City College Student Council,and both campus newspapers combined to protest the Ad-ministration's refusal to allow Socialist Workers Party Presi-dential candidate, Farrell Dobbs to speak on the campus.Dobtas was invited by the Eugene V. Debs Club, which pro-tested the Smith Act speaker ban on the five city colleges,the excuse used by the administration to prevent Dobbs fromspeaking.

The Socialist Workers Party an-nounced its intention to takethe matter to court if necessaryand received the backing of theAmerican Civil Liberties Union tofight its case. The Debs Club ap-pealed to the various layers of thecomplicated administration net-work and was told by each stra-

Canadian Pickets Down Bomb Shelterby Nick William

VANCOUVER, B.C. — Victorywas won by the friends and sup-porters of the Young Socialist Al-liance weekly picket protestingthe fallout shelter on the city'scourt house lawn. On October 15picketers found the shelter lockedand unavailable for inspection.Two days later the shelter was nolonger there. It had been dis-mantled and carted away.

"No Nuclear Arms in Canada,""Let the People Vote on NuclearArms" were the two rather startl-ing placards glaring from a pic-ture on the front page of a lead-ing Vancouver newspaper. Themorning paper carried a largepicture on the first page of anoth-er section which read "Millionsfor War, Why not for Peace?"These are samples of the signswith which we picketed' the fall-out shelter or, as one of our signscalls it, the "barbecue pit."

Little did we dream we wouldget such a response when the Van-couver branch of the YSA wasformed. The touring members ofthe Socialist Educational Leagueof Toronto, which included somemembers of the Toronto YSA andthe Socialist Forum of Vancouver,played an important role in set-ting us up by providing the en-couragement, experience and fi-nances. Committees were set up tomake placards, write up and printa leaflet for distribution, and tocontact any other organizationsthat would want to join the de-monstration.

The preliminary work havingbeen done, the setting was readyfor us in the busy downtown sec-tion. We held our first picketingon the evening before the officialopening, little anticipating thelarge turnout the next day. About75 picketers were on hand whenthe "pious" officials launched in-to their prepared spiels. The Act-

ing Mayor of Vancouver evidentlydid not anticipate the response ofthe picketers when he called them"communists." Shouting ' ' r e dbaiter" the angry picketers fromthen on heckled and chanted"there is no defense" and "Banthe Bomb." Little of the speechwas heard. That same eveningand the following day, during thepeak hours, at least three minuteswere devoted to our picket lineby the province-wide T.V. news-cast. "This picket," said the com-mentator, "was formed by theYoung Socialist Alliance."

We continued the picketing ev-ery Saturday until at last the cityofficials were forced to removethe bomb shelter and we had wonour victory. We are planning aregular weekly meeting duringwhich time other actions can betaken up and educational workconducted. The "spirit of thebomb shelter victory" will not belost.

turn that the question was over itshead. Finally, the president of theCollege, Buell Gallagher, explain-ed that he had been opposed tothe Ftnith Act ban since he vot-ed for it in 1957.

STUDENTS PROTEST

Student Council passed a re-solution by an overwhelming ma-jority, condemning the ban in gen-eral, and in the Dobbs case inparticular. The student news-paper, Observation Post joinedwith the student council decisionstating in an editorial "Adding tothe idiocy of not allowing a pre-sidential candidate of a legally re-cognized minority party the rightto speak at a public tax support-ed institution, is the hypocriticalfact that Dobbs appeared at theCollege to speak in 1956, beforethe ban was enacted."

"The fact is," OP continued,"that students cannot form intel-ligent opinions when they areprotected from and prohibitedfrom pursuing all avenues of in-quiry."

On a number of occasions sincethe ban was established at thesuggestion of the Board of HigherEducation in 1957, and enactedby unanimous decision of the Ad-ministrative Council of MunicipalCollege Presidents, Dr. Gallagherhas spoken out against it as anencroachment on civil liberties.

Yet no action has been taken b>-either President Gallagher or thecollege administration to remc'vathe ban.

In this instance, the "liberal'CCNY president refused to pi\>.sent the matter for reconsidera-tion before the Council of Presi-dents. He told Fred Mazelis, Vice-President of the Debs Club, thatthe request had not been present-ed in the proper form. Mazelisthen reminded him that both stu-dent papers had been carryingeditorials calling for the ban's re-moval for several days and thatthe student council had passed aresolution against it. The Presi-dent, however did not considerthis student protest to be in theproper form either and maintain-ed his refusal to present the mat-ter before the board.

THE BAN'S PAST

During the past three years, theban was used against three prom-inent radicals who were invitedby campus organizations to speakat the college. John Gates, onetime editor of the Worker, was re-fused permission to speak at diecollege. A student protest ensued,but was ignored by the adminis-tration. Gates was allowed tospeak at the nearby ColumbiaUniversity, a private institution.Benjamin Davis, a CommunistParty leader, was recently refusedthe right to speak at the collegewhen invited by the Marxist Dis-cussion Club. The MDC was forc-ed to present Davis at an off-campus street corner rally. Neith-er individual took legal actionagainst the campus or the Boardof Higher Education.

(Continued on Page 3)

Page 2 YOUNG SOCIALIST December, 1960

REPORT FROM JAPAN:

Unions Buttle P&st- Warby Our Japanese Correspondent

The fact that the Japanese eco-nomy has been growing readilyand relative prosperity has beenmaintained interrupted by shortperiods of recession has put theworking class at somewhat of adisadvantage. The fact that em-ployers have been utilizing thepolicy of periodic pay raises fortheir workers, has made the eco-nomic struggle very difficult.

The only working class groupthat has been really attempting tomake a forceful struggle alongeconomic lines are the miners.Unfortunately, as recent events atMiike have shown, their strugglehas not been successful. This situ-ation in Japan means that strug-gles along other lines have achiev-ed primary importance, namelypolitical. The recent demonstra-tions against the Japan-U.S. Se-curity Treaty, the antiwar strug-gle, the struggle for abolition ofnuclear weapons $nd for disarma-ment, etc.

SP STRANDS MIIKE MINERSTo backtrack a little, the cow-

ardly action of the union andS.P. leaders in accepting the socalled "compromise" proposal ofthe "unbiased" Central Labor Re-lations Committee in the Miikecase prevented a possible crisisfrom developing, which mighthave had serious and importantrepercussions. The reason for theSocialist leaders' acceptance ofthe proposal is understood whenone takes into account thefact that they are firm believersin peaceful revolution and theparliamentary system.

They therefore will retreat fromany showdowns if there is a pos-sibility of violence. This is exactlyWhat they did in the Miike dis-pute. Negotiations with govern-ment and management officials afew days before the scheduledclash of police and unioniststhwarted the impending clash andI am sure did irreparable damageto the morale of the miners andthe working class as a whole.

There are two main labor or-ganizations in Japan: S o h y owhich has about 3M> million mem-bers and is generally consideredthe more radical as it supportsthe Socialist party; the other isZenro which has about 700,000

members. It is strictly reformistand supports Ihe Democratic-So-cialist party, a new party result-ing from the secession from theS.P. of the right wing Socialists.Although the S.P. leadership ad-heres strictly to the idea ofpeaceful parliamentary methodsof revolution, they are neverthe-less much to ihe left of the S.P.'sof Europe for they adhere to theMarxist principles of class strug-

ICWAMS VS. ROTCBy unanimous vote, the State

University of Iowa StudentCouncil called for an end tocompulsory ROTC on thecampus. It urged the deansand faculty of the university'sundergraduate colleges to abol-ish compulsory ROTC in the1961 - 62 curriculum. Militarytraining has been a requiredcourse at the land grant in-stitute since the early 19th cen-tury.

gle. The new socialist party is inreality a new conservative partyand it has the support of certainsections of the capitalist class, forthere is nothing the capitalistswould like better than to have theMarxist mass party replaced in atwo party system by a right wing,reformist Socialist party whichhas abandoned Marxist principles.The new party in my opiniongives no indication of making sub-stantial inroads into the S.P.

GOV'T. VS. TEACHERSThere is another topic which I

discussed — the Teachers Effici-ency Rating. This is a systemwhich was instituted in the early50's by the government for thepurpose of increased governmentcontrol over teaching in the Jap-anese public schools and to curbthe radical tendencies in theJapanese teacning profession. Amajority of Japan's teachers be-long to the left wing Japan Teach-ers Union which supports the S.P.and has been fighting against therating system, 'out has been un-successful.

.Under the rating system theprincipal of the school rates theteachers' ability, according towhich the teacher may fall intoany of five categories ranging

from excellent to deficient. Natu-rally the top grade means a pro-motion and the bottom means aloss of a job. The system attemptsto make it imperative for theteachers to curry the favor of theprincipal, who is usually under theinfluence of the government. Sincethe establishment of the system,a number of teachers have left theunion to form independent localunions or remain outside the un-ion. The principals usually try todiscourage new teachers fromjoining the union. Whereas beforethere was democracy at theschools among the teachers thereis now a form of dictatorship ofthe principal.

PATRIOTISM'S REBIRTHOne of the reasons for institut-

ing this system was the attemptto reinstill national patriotism in-to the Japanese youth. The texts,which since the end of the wardid not teach history from a pa-triotic point of v i e w , werechanged, which of course was bit-terly protested by the teachers,but to no avail. The TeachersUnion has definitely been weak-ened by this lating system whichis exactly what the governmenthoped for.

There is some discrimination inJapan against Negroes, I thinkespecially among those who workon the American bases. Prejudiceagainst the N e g r o has beenbrought over by G.I.'s and culti-vated here. Japanese girls who goout with white fellows won't goout with Negroes for fear of theirreputation. Whites and Negroesdo not go to the same bar areasalthough legally there is com-plete equality for the Negro in theAir Force.

ZENGAKUREN LEADS

The Zengakuren is the organi-zation of Japan's university andcollege students.,It was formed inSeptember 1948 and now com-prises 263 autonomous associa-tions, with combined membershipof some 266,000 students in 260universities and colleges through-out the country. Since its birth,the Zengakuren has been activein the struggle against imperial-ism and war and promoting theprinciples of socialism. It is theonly important student organiza-tion in Japan.

Col Censors Force Editors to ResignBERKELEY, Calif.—The mass

resignation of the Daily Califor-niaii Senior Editorial Board, al-most all of its lower staff, andthe editors arid managers of sev-eral other Cal publications,, re-sulted from the administration'sattempt to gain and maintaincontrol of the editorial policies of,the paper. •

For the past few semesters,news coverage in the Daily Calhas been- somewhat "liberal."Many column inches have beenUsed to report student politicalactivities which the administra-tion considers to be of a "leftist!"nature. Last May, for example,the Daily Cal used most of itsspace for a few days-to report the

VISIT OUR NEW HALLDue to the growing interest

in radical ideas, the Young So-cialist Alliance was forced toexpand its quarters. Everyoneis invited to come up and visitour attractive bookstore, na-tional office, circulation depart-ment and New York Local YSAbranch office in our new com-bined suite on the fourth floorof 10 East 23rd Street, NewYork 11, New York.

anti - HUAC demonstrations. Forits coverage of this major studentevent, the Daily Cal received veryhigh praise from the NationalCollege Newspaper Board.

More recently the Daily Cal en-dorsed a student political candi-date, as is the custom for campusnewspapers generally. Becausethis candidate was a member ofSLATE, the "leftish" student po-litical party on campus, the edi-torial support fanned the fire ofreaction which was and is stillthe dominant mood on the Execu-tive Committee of the adminis-tration.

Apparently the administrationfelt students had gone too far inbreaking out of their apathy.They had joined actively in thep i c k e t Woolworth's movementsupporting southern sit-ins, theyformed their own political partyon campus in opposition to theconservative, reactionary fratern-ities. Finally, they had joined ina mass protest movement againstthe House Un-American ActivitiesCommittee, The Executive Com-mittee felt it could get a wedgeinto the growing student politicalinterest by punitive measuresagainst the Daily Cal in an at-tempt to stifle its views.

Since its resignation from thecampus Daily Cal, the originalstaff has put out an independentpaper off campus called the In-dependent Californian. Financialsupport for this free and inde-pendent daily has come fromsympathetic students from thiscampus and others across the na-tion. In addition, an ad hoc com-mittee formed to formulate aninitiative to reinstate the old staffand constitutional amendmentsto take editorial control of thepaper out of the hands of theExecutive Committee. The initia-tive petition and the petition forconstitutional amendments re-ceived enough signatures to geton a special ballot for a generalstudent vote in the middle of No-vember. But opportunistic leader-ship of the ad hoc committee sub-mitted to a compromise on bothpetitions so that even if both billspass, 110 effective resumption offree and independent editorialpolicy will result.

At present the Independent Calis still functioning, but it seemsobvious that it will soon die fromlack of funds if Berkeley studentsdo not conduct a real campaignfor their academic freedom onthis case.

Young SocialistNora Roberts. Editor . '

Sherry Finer, Business ManagerBarbara Doritty, Circulation Manager

"A World to Win!"SUBSCRIPTION PRICE :$1.00 a year, $.50 for six months. Bundle rates: $7.00 for

first 100 copies, $500 for each additional 100. The YOUNG SOCIALIST is publishedmonthly. P.O. Box 471. Cooper Sta., N.Y. 3, N.Y. phone OR 5-9441. Opinions ex-pressedm signed articles ao not necessarily represent the views ot the YOUNG SOCIALIST,which are expressed in editorial statements.

Official organ of the Young- Socialist Alliance

Vol. 4, No. 3 (34) December, 1960

Unite for Cuba*/This fall we have seen an alarming shift in U.S. relations with

the Revolutionary Cuban Government. Hostile State Departmentpropaganda against the Cuban Revolution has been supplementedwith economic aggression and preparation for future military ag-gression. In order to prepare public opinion for possible Guatemala-type military invasion (that is, U.S.'s arming and directing of a Cubanemigre invasion party) the United States has been putting extremepressure on anyone in the Americas who supports the Cuban Re-volution.

Such a situation naturally demands a fighting counter-campaignon the part of honest liberals and socialists in this country. This cam-paign is being waged nationally by the Fair Play for Cuba Committee,the only nationwide organization uniting students, workers, liberalsand radicals in defense of the Cuban Revolution. In such a campaign,we feel, the Socialist Party-Social Democratic Federation and itsyouth group, the Young People's Socialist League, could play an im-portant part. Unfortunately, so far, the efforts of these social dem-ocratic groups has been ambiguous at best.

The Socialist Party started off in the right direction at its MayNational Convention when it passed a fine resolution in defense ofthe Cuban Revolution. However, with the intensification of the U.S.drive against the Cuban Revolution, the SP seems to be unable to actupon this resolution. For instance its new paper, New America, ratherthan taking a militant stand in defense of th,} Cuban Revolution,straddles the fence by printing a debate on the question. There is atime for debating and a time for resolute action. Now is the time foraction if we are to help in the struggle to prevent U.S. aggressionagainst Cuba.

The YPSL held its convention in late August when U.S.-Cubanrelations were far more tense .than when the SP convention was held.It passed a resolution oil Cuba that is considerably more equivocal inits support to Cuba than was the SP one. While this resolution Slip-ports Cuba as against U.S. intervention, most of the resolution is madeup of warnings over "any extensions of influence of the CommunistParty of Cuba" and over alleged "bureaucratic and authoritariantendencies" of the Castro Regime.

It is, of course, perfectly correct for the YPSL to express critic-isms of the Castro Regime as long as it really defends the Revolution.We, ourselves,, reserve the right to criticize any step the Cuban Gov-ernment takes that we disapprove of. However, the nature of theYPSL's criticisms and the relative weight YPSL seems to give themdoes raise certain questions.

One wonders whether the fear YPSL expresses of "Communistdomination" of Cuba is a reaction to real developments in Cuba or tothe propaganda of the U.S. Government. We are afraid it may be thelatter. Certainly the idea that the Kremlin could dominate Cuba as,say, it dominates Hungary is a totally unreal one. Just how Russiacould do this in a country so far from its borders, especially a countrywhose nationalist-minded citizens are armed, is beyond our com-prehension.

The YPSL's talk of "totalitarian tendencies" likewise has an un-real ring to it. Cuba is, without doubt, the most democratic countryin the world, for Castro has armed the workers and peasants withsomething far more effective than ballots—guns. A regime which doesnot represent its people and therefore fears them, does not arm them.This does not mean that Cuba cannot be made even more democratic.As socialists, we feel that the future progressive development of Cubawill necessitate the workers and peasants having both guns and bal-lots; that is. the armed workers and peasants should be the gov-ernment of Cuba.

We are not asking the YPSL to drop its criticisms of Cuba, evencriticisms we may disagree with. What we hope YPSL will be able todo is put its criticisms in a proper perspective so that the energies ofits members can be directed towards the highly important task ofdefending a valiant people from the imperialistic designs of the U.S.

The Fair Play for Cuba Committee is the only united-front actiongroup organizing for this defense in America. We urge YPSL, alongwith all other socialists and liberals, to make defense of the CubanRevolution their primary concern; to work with the united frontorganized by the Fair Play Committee; to join the Fair Play Commit-tee so that there can be a vigorous movement in the U.S. in oppositionto the war drive fostered by John F. Kennedy.

NEW YS EDUCATIONAL PAMPHLET:

"Revolt on 'the Campus"by Tim Wohlforth

The Story of the Student Movements of the 1930'sand what we can learn from them today—40c per copy

YOUNG SOCIALIST FORUMP.O. Box 471 New York 3, N.Y.

JUUiJLSLSiSLSLStJLSUiiSL^^

-•1

-i

December, I960 YOUNG SOCIALIST Page 3

Negro Leadership Fails to ArouseSupport for Worl

Youth Notesby Fred Mazelis

At their meeting in Atlanta lastOctober the Student Non-ViolentCoordination Committee, consist-ing of representatives of the stu-dent sit-in movement throughoutthe South, discussed plans forelection day demonstrations forcivil rights. Although one of theideas originally projected was dem-onstrations at polling places, thefinal decision of some of thenorthern adult leaders of the civilrights movement was to hold dem-onstrations at Democratic andRepublipan , campaign headquar-ters on election day.

The election day demonstra-tions in several Northern citieswere a petition to the two capital-ist parties. Although the demon-strations were presented as dem-onstrations for civil rights, thewhole proposal seemed more likeNorman Thomns' and A. PhilipRandolph's way of intervening intrie election campaign in the ab-sence of a Socialist Party candi-date.

A TOTAL VOTEAfter years of proof that noth-

ing at all could be gained by peti-tioning the Democrats and Re-publicans, Thomas, Randolph, andother Negro and liberal leaderssuggested the most open form ofappealing to the two-party sys-tem. Even Randolph would agreethat no meaningful civil rightslegislation has been gained fromthe two parties, yet he persists inhis backhanded support to ther/hole system. It seems apparentfrom the election results thatleaders like Randolph were quitesuccessful in their attempt ot getNegroes to "cast a total vote" byvoting for Kennedy and putting alittle pressure on him, but it isnot clear how this is going to helpthe Negro people achieve any-thing in their struggle for equal-ity.

The election day demonstra-tions did not turn out to be aslarge as had been expected, nordid they achieve the publicity forwhich they had aimed. In NewYork only 300 turned out for a

SOUTHERN EDUCATION: "Farming up here in the hills, we're toofar from the bus that goes to the colored school. There's a whiteschool near, but the law said my children couldn't go there. Eventhough they were all born in this state, they couldn't go to the whiteschool. That just meant they couldn't go to any school at all. Therewas nothing to do but go ahead and purchase schoolbooks and teachthem at home. I had to buy and borrow the books. Whenever I got achance to get money I bought some." So explained the woman above.

rally in Community Church fol-lowed by marches to the Demo-cratic and Republican headquar-ters. The radical youth organiza-tions oriented in some fashion oranother towards the DemocraticParty were well represented —many members of Advance andthe Young Peoples' S o c i a l i s tLeague were among the partici-pants. Not many other young peo-ple turned up, however, perhapsbecause the prospect of yet an-other meeting addressed by A. J.Muste and Bayard Rustin in Com-munity Church is beginning tolose some of its appeal.ALTERNATIVE TO STRUGGLE

Sit-ins have continued in theSouth this fall. Martin LutherKing, Jr. was arrested in Atlantaas part of one of the sit-ins. Hun-dreds of students have been ar-rested and prosecuted in theSouth. Lunch counter segregationcontinues as before in the deep'South. The right to vote is deniedto at least 1 or 2 million SouthernNegroes. And in the midst of thisunrelenting struggle for funda-

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mental human rights, leaders ofthe Negro peoole have suggestedthat a vote for Kennedy andJohnson is the best alternative!

Not a single prominent leaderin the present Civil rights move-ment has consistently advocated afundamental break with the two-party system as the only way toachieve any gains toward racialequality. Only the Young SocialistAlliance, at the election day dem-onstration, made it clear thatnothing could be gained by ap-pealing to the parties of the sta-tus QUO, and that the union move-ment and the Negro people wouldeventually have to build a laborparty to represent their interests.Accepting the fact that a vote foreither Kennedy or Nixon was avote for the opposite of what theelection day demonstrations werecalled to demand, the YSA urgeda positive protest vote for the can-didates of the Socialist Workersparty, who adi'ocate full and im-mediate integration and the for-mation of a labor party as themeans of achieving this goal.

The days when the majority ofthe Negro people, as well as allthe working people of . America,will continue to support the partyof Kennedy, Johnson, and East-land are numbered. Next year'se l e c t i o n d a y demonstrationsshould take this into account andhelp to advance the interests ofthe workers and the Negro peopleby calling for an end to support ofthe two-party system.

WORLD YOUTH: The Japanese Communist Party has "degenerat-• ed into a corrupted and bureaucratic organization and lost sig-nificance as a vanguard of a Marxist revolution," according to overa hundred Japanese intellectuals who are leaving the Communistparty. Many of these are switching their support to Zengakuren. Arecent statement of the Japanese Communist party referred tjZengakuren as a group of "Trotskyist adventurists." . . . Brazilianpeasant leagues are finding highly receptive audiences in a regionwhere most of the people subsist on a diet of crabs and are unem-ployed half of the year. A speech by one of their agitators gives agood feeling of the temper of the movement. "This struggle willnot halt anymore. The example of Cuba is here. We want a pacificsolution for your problems, but if we cannot have it we'll comehere to ask you to grab weapons and make a revolution." . . . Strik-ing Congolese transport workers were dispersed by UN troops lastmonth who "continued to keep the peace." . . .

STUDENT SCENE: University of Iowa assistant professor, WilliamBunge, has protested the attempt by the head of his department toinfringe upon his political and intellectual freedom. Bunge declaredthe department chairman advised him to reduce his activities as asocialist and a leader in the Socialist Discussion Club at SUI becausethey might harm his professional career. Bunge was also advisedagainst publishing a professional paper which criticized the theoriesadvanced by a University of Washington geographer. . . . The Boardof Governors of Detroit's Wayne University recently lifted the ban onCommunist speakers. The CP replied, through Michigan CP chairman,Carl W'inter, by turning down an invitation to speak for the Inde-pendent Socialist Club. He felt the ISC should not endanger itselfby inviting him. 25,000 citizens, supported by the American Legionand the Allied Veteran's Council of Wayne County, urged the Boardof Governors in a petition to reinstitute the Communist ban. TheAmerican Legion felt Communist speakers would endanger the safe-ty of university students. . . . Seattle YSA'ers have achieved a sig-nificant victory on the University of Washington campus. Throughtheir efforts the Socialist Workers Party was represented on ballotsin a Mock Presidential election. Originally the ballots only includedmajor party candidates, but eight members of Students for Dobbsand Weiss who attended a student Board of Control meeting "wereable to convince the BOC to scrap the ballots and print new ones,which included minority parties. In the election there were 52 out of5,000 votes for Dobbs and Weiss, and 71 votes for the Washingtoncandidate for Governor on the SWP ticket. . . . In St. Louis, a de-termined sit-in campaign has been waged by high school student,?.Two students, acting on their own, sparked the recent demonstrationsby conducting their own sit-ins in local cafeterias. This action prompt-ed a meeting of 20 local organizations in the town, which resultedin the adoption of a resolution urging 14 restaurants and cafeteriasto desegregate. Six replied that thej would provide restaurant servicewithout discrimination.

THE FIGHT FOR RIGHTS: Twenty-five percent of New York Cityteachers went out on a one-day strike to demand union recognition.This is the first time in the history of the city that teachers havegone out on strike. A mediation committee has been set up, madeup of leading labor leaders. It will undoubtedly recommend that ailNLRB election be held. . . . Prom 1951 to 1953, the FBI was doingits bit to fight student apathy on the Cornell Campus. But despitethe best efforts of Agent Emmanuel Ross Richardson, membershipin the campus Communist Party group dropped to five. Richardson'scombined work as FBI informer and coordinator- of the CP CentralCommittee for Ithaca and Trumansburg brought about the per-secution of Bernard Deutsch, a nuclear physicist whom Richardson

recruited to the CP and upon whom he then informed.. .. William andCelia Pomeroy were sentenced to life imprisonment in 1952 fortheir part in the Phillipine HUK uprising. The major charge againstthem, complex rebellion, was ruled invalid by the US Supreme Courton February 24, 1960. However this ruling is not retroactive andtherefore does not apply to the Pomeroys. So far the Pomeroys havebeen in prison for eight years. A committee is being formed for theirdefense, headed by Vincent Hallinan. The committee, Friends of thePomeroys, is located at 28 East 10th Street, N.Y. 31, N.Y.

CCNY Fight(Continued from Page 1)

Farrell Dobbs has spoken atmany campuses throughout thecountry where no such bans ex-ist, including Harvard, Yale andthe University of California, wherehe spoke at a meeting sponsoredby SLATE in the Wheeler audi-torium. The groups which spon-sored the meetings did not neces-sarily support his candidacy or hisideas, but felt rather that a Presi-dential candidate should have theright to speak before student aud-iences.

Dobbs was convincted under theSmith Act in 1941 along with 17other members of the SocialistWorkers Party. The Trotskyists,who advocated no support to theimperialist war, the traditionalsocialist position, were the firstto be convicted under the re-actionary act. The governmentaction against them was hailed bythe Communist Party leaders inthe Worker, including Gates andDavis.

Wiiere We StandThe Young Socialist Alliance is founded in response to the

need for a nation-wide youth organization capable of bringingrevolutionary socialist ideas to a new generation. Thisjs necessaryfor building a revolutionary movement which can lead the work-ing class to socialism. The YSA bases itself on the traditions ofMarxian socialism as developed by Lenin, Trotsky, Luxembourg andLiebkhecht. We believe that socialism can be initiated only as theresult of struggle, international in scope, of the working classagainst the capitalist class and its allies—the struggle culminatingin the creation of a new type of state, a workers state. Socialismmeans that for the first time in history man will control his owncreation—society—rather than be controlled by it. The dynamic ofsocialism is of a continual expansion of human freedom in allspheres: in politics, economics, culture and in every aspect ofpersonal life.

Subscribe NowI want to subscribe to the YOUNG SOCIALIST (1 year, Sl.OO;6 months. 50c).

I want to join the Young Socialist Alliance.

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ADDRESS:YS. P.O. Box 471; Cooper Sta., N.Y.C. 3

Page YOUNG SOCIALIST December, i960

New Cuba Answers Capitalist Hecklersby Jim Lambrecht

"It is not only a question of the right to have a flag, a coat of arms, representation atthe United Nations. We want to raise another right here, a right that was proclaimed by ourpeople at an enormous public manifestation a few days ago. I refer to the right of the un-derdeveloped countries to nationalize, without indemnity, the natural resources of and themonopolistic investments in their countries. In other words, we proclaim the nationaliza-tion of the natural resources of and foreign investments in the underdeveloped countriesAnd if the highly industrialized countries wish to do likewise, we shall not oppose them.'

—Fidel Castro, speech at the United Nations.On October 14th the Cuban ® —

government issued a law nation-alizing most of the industry,transportation, commerce andbanking on the island, formerlycontrolled by foreign or Cubanprivate businesses. The purpose ofthe law is stated in its openingparagraphs — to establish "ade-quate planning of the economy,the progressive rationalizationand increase of production, andnational control of the basic in-dustries of the country-"

United Press International be-gan its report of this event withthe words: "The Cuban govern-ment abandoned the capitalisticsystem of free enterprise today. . ." For once the American news-papers told the truth about Cuba.Socialists everywhere will hail theemergence of a nationalized, plan-ned economy in revolutionaryCuba—and not only because it isa necessary step in the preserva-tion of Cuban political indepen-dence. Nationalization and plan-ning are the keystones for buildingthe kind' of society they advocate.

For the Cubans, the debate be-tween capitalism and a plannedeconomy will be decided not byabstract argument, but by their ac-tual experience under both kindsof economy. The Cuban Revolu-tion has attracted the attentionof revolutionary colonial peoplesall over the world: they too areinterested in the outcome. Whathave their experiences been? Whatdo they show about the characterOf tho two kinds of economy?

OTHEES OWNED

For them, prior to the revolu-tion the Cuban economy was not"free"—it was simply owned byothers. The Cuban farmers intheir great majority owned noland; they were employed as agri-cultural laborers by the latifundia,the great estates owned primarilyby the U.S. corporations. Theirsituation was comparable to thatof the migrant farm workers inthe great "factories in the fields"of Oklahoma, Texas, SouthernCalifornia, except that Cubanfarm workers were even poorer,averaging an annual income ofsome $400. City workers wereemployed by industries that werealso foreign owned. They were ill-paid, ill-housfid at fantasticallyhigh rents, and without any realprotection against layoffs and un-employment. Their "public" utili-ties were American owned. Theirunions were under pro-manage-ment control of the U.S. backedCuban government. And finally,most of the manufactured goodsnecessary to them, and much of

Juiito 26 by Chago

Balancing—Revolucion

their food, was produced by U.S.concerns for U.S. profit.

Prom the viewpoint of the Cu-ban people, their economy hasnever been more free than it isnow, under nationalization. Ifmore proof is necessary, they nowdeclare themselves ready to die indefense of it, against anyone—and in particular the UnitedStates—that attempts to take itaway from them. They do notwant to return to the old systemof private enterprise, in whichthey felt themselves to be an op-pressed people and Cuba herselfonly "another color on the maps."

REGIMENTATION?Nationalized and planned eco-

nomies, assert the defenders ofcapitalism, destroy private initia-tive and convert whole peoples in-to regiments of dulled automatons.Such economies prevent peoplefrom becoming masters of theirown fate, by placing the controlof the wealth of a nation in thehands of the state. Has this beenborne out by tbe experience of theCuban people?

No regimentation could havebeen greater than that imposedon the Cubans by their 50 years as

WHERE TO FIND THE YSABALTIMORE: c/o A. Robert

Kaufman, 2730 Reistertown Rd.LA 3-3703.

BERKELEY-OAKLAND: P.O.Box 265, Berkeley. TH 5-1550.

BOSTON: Apt. 2, 47 Linden St.,Allston 34, Mass. UN 4-5868.

CHICAGO: c/o Hirsch, 438 St.James PI. EA 7-9810,

DENVER: Box 724.DETROIT: 3737 Woodward.LOS ANGELES: Box 3615, Term-

inal Annex, L.A. 54,NOrmandy 4-0967OR. 3-1342

MILWAUKEE: c/o Myrtle Kast-ner, 3460 N. 16th St.

NEW YORK CITY:GR 5-9441.

10 E. 23 St.

PHILADELPHIA: 2708 W. Stern-er St. BA 2-4078.

SAN FRANCISCO: C/o Matting -ly, 2331 Market St.

SEATTLE: c/o Heatlie, 3420 Hur-on St. EA 5-4695 or ME 2-7827.

an American colony. To what ex-tent does a salary of $400 to $600a year spark human initiative?How many Cubans hoped, some-day, to become president of Unit-ed Fruit Company or Standard Oil(for whom many Cubans worked),when one-third of the adult pop-ulation was illiterate and threeout of five Cubans had spent onlythree years or less in school? Thesheer struggle against starvationoccupied them far more thansuch "hopes." There is nothing

t h a t surpresses individualismmore than the fear of starving todeath, unless it be sickness, andthe Cubans had plenty of both.

Only now, with an industrythat belongs to them and pro-duces goods for their advance-ment, do the Cubans feel hope ofany kind. Whatever the Cubaneconomy manages to produce inthe way of housing, food, medicalaid, and educational facilities willbe far more than what the "Cubanshad learned to expect from theprivately owned economy control-led by U.S. corporations. Exactlyone new school was built in Ha-vana between 1902 and 1958. Doc-tors refused to go into the coun-tryside because, while there wasmuch sickness there, there was nomoney, and no state aid was pro-vided them.

Private enterprise failed utterlyto produce all the preconditionsfor individual initiative in culturescience, art. Nationalization andplanning are already producingthem, and the new people of Cuba—well fed, in good health, witheducational opportunity—will beable to bring about a true flower -

tremely inefficient, from the pointof view of most Cubans. It kept •them underpaid and underfed; itabandoned them to unemployrment whenever there was a "pe-riodic" business recession, orwhenever the crops were harvest-ed, or the orders filled, with nosemblance of social security, med-ical insurance, unemployment in-surance. No matter how hardthey worked under this set-up, homatter how smoothly the produc-tive process operated, the benefits

from it remained

ing of individual talent for thefirst time.

'PLANNING INEFFICIENT'For years, the socialists' advo-

cacy of unified, planned econo-mies has been met with the chargethat, with the profit motive re-moved from its economy by plan-ning, a nation would degenerateinto a swamp of inefficiency andwaste. Planning, in other words,means inefficiency, whereas aprivately owned economy stimu-lates growth and efficient produc-tion. How does this assertionstand up to the experience of thepeople of Cuba?

In one sense, private ownershipof the land and industry of Cubawas efficient, that is, industry;ould be counted on to produce

profits for those who privatelyowned it. But this profit wasbased on the super-exploitation ofJuban labor. The oppressive Cu-

ban dictatorships were given sup-port by the U.S. precisely becausehey kept Cuban labor cheap.Consequently, the Cuban economy

under private ownership was ex-

they derivednearly nil.

EATS ITS VEGETABLES .Now, however, with the lands

under cooperative control, cropshave been diversified to includevegetables that require cultiva-tion all year long, while sugarproduction has been increased.Samuel Shapiro, Asst. Prof, ofHistory at Michigan State U., re-ports: "It is already clear thatproduction of many key crops hasgone up substantially. Under theold system, Cuba did not produceenough to feed her own people.Potatoes, butter, lard, eggs, eva-porated milk, and all kinds offruits and vegetables had to bebrought in from the U.S. INRA's(Institute of Agrarian Reform)private farms and cooperativesare rapidly changing this, and asa result farmers in the U.Si maylose one of their best markets; in-deed in a few years they may facea small but sturdy competitor inthe export trade."

A nationalized and planned eco-nomy produces for use, for -theneeds of the people, and not forprofits. So long as the elementsneecssary to production are pres-ent, and potential profit is not oneof them, a nationalized, plannedeconomy can continue to produce.There will be no more "Great De-pressions" for Cuba, no morecrops rotting in the fields, fac-tories rusting from disuse,ers and farmers starving and un-employed. Who can deny that aworker will produce more effici-ently when he is motivated by

hope, than when he works onlyunder the whip of unemploymentand starvation? The Cuban peo-ple are filled with a new hope, as;hey never were before.

Fair Play Launches Student Cuba Tour . . .

TWIN CITIES: 822So. FE 8-2158.

Ninth Ave

TORONTO: 81 Queen St. W.EMpire 6-1454

(Continued from Page 1)ing used as a typical example. Thebook tries to state for NorthAmerican audiences what the ar-gument is, because it has NOTbeen stated. What you or I thinkdoesn't matter; what does, in thiscontext, is the position of the Cu-ban people." On December 10thMills will debate the question ofCuba and Latin America withA. A. Berle, Jr. on nationwideNBC-TV at 9:30 p.m. EST.

Next -March a study of the Cu-ban revolution by Robert Taberwill be published. It will be enti-tled: "M-26: Biography of a Rev-olution." A nmv publication of theFair Play C»nun. "Student Coun-cil" is now being1 published bi-monthly. It is available to allmembers of Student Council. Thecommittee will be glad to sendsample copies. Members of Stu-dent Council—membership is atthe very low student rate of $3per year—will receive all copies of"Student Council."

CHAPTERS MEET SUCCESSThose chapters which are al-

ready organized have been veryactive and are meeting with greatsuccess. In Vancouver, the FairPlay Comm. organized a protestmarch to the United States em-bassy, against the U.S. policy onCuba. The demonstration, receiv-

' ed extensive TV coverage.

As soon as it is chartered the extent and intensity of supportproposed New York City CollegeFair Play for Cuba Committee-Student Council intends to spon-sor prominent Cuban and otherspeakers. They also plan to havea booth on campus publicizing thecommittee and its activities.

American citizens are discour-aged from going t-» Cuba and thegovernment is making it ais diffi-cult as possible for those who careto make up their own minds. TheFair Play for Cuba Comm. and itsStudent Council was organized forthe purpose of disseminating thetruth about Cuba—something thatis unheard of from the U.S. StateDepartment or the major press.They don't want students to sim-ply take Fair Play's word aboutCuba however. One might sayFair Play's motto is "Go and See"for they know seeing is believing.And to see Cuba is to know andbelieve in the validity, dynamismand popular support of the revo-lution.

INTENSIFIED PROPAGANDA

The United States governmentis intensifying its propaganda,economic and military campaignagainst Cuba. The question is notwhether the U.S. will attempt tophysically destroy the Cuban rev-olution, but when. Effective coun-ter-revolution from within Cubais ruled out—as American imper-ialism well knows—because of the

to the Castro government amongthe Cuban people. Direct militaryintervention—that is, simple in-vasion—by uniformed Americantroops is the least desirable coursefor the millionaire President-electbecause of its ramifications, es-pecially since it could be the sparkwhich sets off World War III.While this would not be a desir-able tactic for U.S. imperialism,it would be fatal for the Cubangovernment and its supporters toexclude it as a possibility for itmust be well understood that thedanger from America is real andimminent. Since the Cuban peo-ple are armed and prepared tofight to the death for their coun-try, they have made it clear thatinvading counter - revolutionariescould not defeat them alone.

Such charges are vehementlydenied or ridiculed by the Ameri-can government and its press.However, the U.S. even with its"clear conscience" about Cuba'sjustifiable charges would not al-low them to be he a r d inthe U.N. General Assembly, pre-ferring of course to shunt themoff to the Political Committee.The government's fear of open de-bate is understandable since therole of U.S. imperialism is toocrude and flagrant to be disguis-ed by even the most impeccablydressed and clean shaven diplo-mat.