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Introduction to CCIE

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INDEX

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NETWORK DESIGNS

Scalable Network :

Network that support growth at the same time cost forend point remains constanct.

That means cost should not be increased at drastic levelwhile expanding the network.



General Network Hierarchy:



Design Model 1 :Hierarchical Network Design :



Design Model 1 :Hierarchical Network Design : Core Switches are used to connect the Buildings

Distribution switches are used to connect floors in a building

Access Switches are used to connect systems in a floor

9505292405 P. NAGABABU [email protected] 9.505.292.405

Access devices are L2 switches responsible for attaching end systems to the networkand assigning them inVLANs

Distribution devices are L3 switches responsible for inter vlan routing and apply trafficpolicies such asfirewalling and QOS decisions

Core devices are backbone, provide high-speed paths between distribution devices



Design Model 2 : Campus design with switch blocks



Switch Block:

A set of distribution devices and their accompanying access layerswitches are called a SWITCH BLOCK

The typical number of systems in a switch block is roughly 2000



Design Model 3 : ECNM : Enterprise Campus Network Model



1. Enterprise campus has five sections Campus backbone Building Distribution Building Access Management Server farm

2. Enterprise Edge has four sections E-commerce (app servers) Internet connectivity Remote access ( VPN-dialup) WAN (internal links)

3. Service Provider Edge includes Internet service Provider –ISP PSTN for dialup Frame relay, PPP for private connectivity



ROUTING PROTOCOLS

Routing Protocols Classification:

Routing Protocols basically classified into two categories

• Distance Vector (DV)/Advanced DV

• Link State (LS)



ROUTING PROTOCOLS

Distance Vector :

• Work by passing copies of their routing table to neighbors.

• Also known as “routing by rumor” because neighbors talk toneighbors and not the source of the route

• Distance vector routing is less processor and memory-intensive

• Can have loops because decisions are made on incompleteinformation



ROUTING PROTOCOLS

Link State :

• Work by advertising a list of their neighbors and the networksattached to their neighbors until all routers

have a copy of all lists

• Routers then run shortest path first algorithm to analyze all pathsand determine best paths

• Requires more CPU time and memory

• Loop-free because routers know all possible routes



ROUTING PROTOCOLS



ROUTING PROTOCOLS

Class ful Routing Protocols :

• Don’t advertise subnet mask value with the network prefix

• Don’t support VLSM and CIDR

Classless Routing Protocols :

• Advertise subnet mask value with the network prefix

• Support VLSM and CIDR



ROUTING PROTOCOLS



ROUTING PROTOCOLS

Interior Gateway Protocols :

• Communicate within the Autonomous system

• Intra domain routing protocols

Exterior Gateway Protocols :

• Communicate between different Autonomous systems

• Inter domain routing protocols



ROUTING PROTOCOLS



ROUTING PROTOCOLS

Proprietary :

• Single vendor protocols

• Don’t work in other vendor routers

Open Standard:

• Multi vendor protocols

• Work in all routers



ROUTING PROTOCOLS



ROUTING PROTOCOLS

Slower Convergence :

• Takes much time to recognize and fix a routing problem

Faster Convergence:

• Takes less time to recognize and fix a routing problem



ROUTING PROTOCOLS



ROUTE SUMMARIZATION

Route Summarization :

• Summarization is the technique of grouping IP networks togetherto minimize advertisements

• Summarization hides details to simplify the routing process

• Summarization reduces router resource consumption(cpu/memory)

• Summarization saves network capacity

• Summarization hides flapping links



Routing Updates without Summarization : Sending 8 network updates individually



Routing Updates with Summarization : Sending 1 summarized update that includes all 8 individual networks



Route Summarization Example :

From the router only one update is going to internet This summarized update includes all the networks in Division A, Division B, Division C


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