cbse sanskrit 8th std

7/29/2019 CBSE Sanskrit 8th std

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1- ee fo|ky;%

,"k% ee fo|ky;% A ee fo|ky;% vrho fo'kky% A v=k

}kn'kJs.;% lfUrA vfLeu~ fo|ky;s lga Nk=kk% iBfUrA 'kre~

v;kidk% v;kfidk% p dk;oqQoZfUrA fo|ky;L; okrkoj.ke~vrho vkuUnizne~vfLrA fo|ky;s jlk;u&HkkSfrd& lax.kd&foHkkxk%

lfUrA

vLekde~fo|ky;sfo'kkye~

ozQhMk{ks=ke~vfLr


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vLekdafo|ky;s fo'kky%

iqLrdky;% vfi vfLrA

Nk=kk% izkr% izkFkZuka oqQoZfUrA

rs ozQhMk{ks=ks ozQhMfUrA

osQfpr~Nk=kk% dUnqosQu hMfUr] osQpu p ;f"VdkfHk% [ksyfUr

vU;s kkofUr vijs p mRirfUrA


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iqLrdky;s Nk=kk% iqLrdkfu rw".khe~ iBfUrAee fo|ky;s ofueqfnzdk] ofuxzkgde~] ofufoLrkjd;U=ke~]

iz{ksi.k&;U=ke~] nwjn'kZu&;U=ka".kiQyoaQ p vfLrA

vLekoaQ fo|ky;s lqUnje~

mioue~ vfLrA

v=k vusdkfu iq"ikf.k lfUrA

nwjn'kZu&;U=ka ofufoLrkjd;U=ke~


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ekykdkj% mioua j{kfrA o;e~

mious vU;S% Nk=kS% lg ikBa

iBke% O;k;kea oqQeZ% ozQhMke%

pA


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vuq'khyue~

1- mkja 'kqa psr~^vke~*] v'kqa psr~^u* bfr fy[krA

(i) fdaro fo|ky;% fo'kky% vfLr\ vke~ (ii)fdafp=ks f'kf{kdk fp=k fy[kfr\

(iii)fdaiqLrdky;s Nk=kk% [ksyfUr\

(iv)fdafo|ky;L; iqjr% ozQhMk.ke~vfLr\

(v)fde~ vkpk;Z% Nk=kku~rkM;fr\

(vi)fda osQpu ckyk% ;f"VdUnqoSQ% ozQhMfUr\

2- v/ksfyf[kr & iz'ukuke~ mkjkf.k ,dinsu fy[krA

(i) fo|ky;% dhn`'k% vfLr\

(ii)fo|ky;L; okrkoj.ka dhn`'ke~ vfLr\

(iii)fo|ky;s dhn`'k% iqLrdky;% vfLr\

(iv)mious ;w;e~ vU;S% Nk=kS% lg fda oqQ#Fk\

(v)fo|ky;s dfr Nk=kk% lfUr\


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3- ikBa ifBRok fuEufyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mkjkf.k ,osQu

okD;su onr fy[kr pA

(i) fo|ky;s dfr Js.;% lfUr\

(ii)Nk=kk% oqQ=k rw".kha iBfUr\

(iii)fo|ky;L; miouad% j{kfr\

(iv)f'kf{kdk ".kiQyosQ fda djksfr\

(v)fo|ky;s izkFkZuk dnk Hkofr\4- js[kkfr&ine~ vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#rA

(i) fo|ky;s lax.kd&foHkkx% vfLrA

(ii)Nk=kk% ozQhMk{ks=ks ozQhMfUrA

(iii)fo|ky;s mioue~ vfLrA

(iv)iz/kukpk;Z% xq.koku~ vfLrA(v) v;kid% Nk=kku~u rkM;frA

5- foijhrkFkZd&insu lg esyuaoqQ#rA

d [k

(i) uwrue~ nq%[ke~

(ii) rw".khe~ iqjkrue~

(iii) lq[ke~ y?kq%

(iv) fo'kky% mPpS%


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8- v/% iznkka lkj.kha iBrA rnuqle;fo"k;oaQ dkyka'ke~

vfkR; iznkkukaiz'ukuke~ mkjk.kka p esyuaoqQ#rA


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iz'uk% mkjkf.k

1- izkr% v"Voknus Nk=kk% 1- lk/Z &n'koknus foJkfUrosyk

fdaoqQoZfUr\ vfLrA

2- lkewfgd&xkua dnk Hkofr\ 2- iknksu&f}oknus Nk=kk%

thofoKkua iBfUrA

3- laLr&dkyka'k% dnk vfLr\ 3- vke~Nk=kk% lk/Zuooknus

jlk;u'kkL=ka iBfUrA4- lk/Z&}kn'koknus Nk=kk% 4- liknf}oknus bfrgklL;

fdaoqQoZfUr\ dkyka'k% vfLrA

5- lk/Z&n'koknus fde~ vfLr\ 5- lkewfgd&xkua likn&

}kn'koknus HkofrA

6- Nk=kk% iknksuf}oknus fda 6- f=koknus ozQhMkle;% HkofrAiBfUr\

7- fda Nk=kk% iknksu& 7- izkr% v"Voknus Nk=kk%

,dkn'koknus HkkSfroaQ iBfUr\ izkFkZuka oqQoZfUrA

8- ozQhMkle;% dnk Hkofr\ 8- lk/Z }kn'koknus Nk=kk%

Hkkstua oqQoZfUrA

9- fda Nk=kk% lk/Z&uooknus 9- vke~] iknksu&,dkn'koknus

jlk;u&'kkL=kaiBfUr\ Nk=kk% HkkSfroaQ iBfUrA

10- bfrgklL; dkyka'k% dnk 10- laLrdkyka'k% lk/Z&

vfLr\ v"Voknus vfLrA


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2- tUrq'kkyk

(o#.k% r#.k% vU;s ckydk% p okrkZykia oqQoZfUr)

r#.k% & fe=k o#.k! v| vga fo|ky;au xPNkfeA

o#.k% & fda dkj.ke~\

r#.k% & ee ekrq y% fnYyhuxjkr~vkxr% A rsu lg v|vgatUrq'kkyke~xPNkfeA r=k vusdku~tUrwu~i';kfeA

o#.k% & vge~ vfi tuosQu lg cl;kusu vkxPNkfeA

r#.k% & tkukfl fde~\


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o#.k% & tkukfeA ,"kk tUrq'kkyk o.Mywj~&izns'ks vfLrA

r#.k% & o;a losZ fe=kS% lg tUrq'kkyka xPNke% A

vge~ vfi vkxPNkfeA o.Mywj~&izns'k% nwjs vfLrA

(ckyk% mPpS% djrkyaokn;fUr)

(fe=kS% lg r=k xPNfUr] izos'kfpfVdka ozQh.kfUr

vUr% izfo'kfUr p)

r#.k% & rkr! d% ,"k% fo'kkydk;%\rkr% & ,"k% x.Md% A Hkk s o#.k! v=k fofo/o.kkZu~pVdku~

i';A

o#.k% & vgks] vfrje.kh;k% !

(vU;=k xPNfUr)

r#.k% & rkr! v=k tyk'k;s galk% rjfUrA


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rkr% & ckyk%! ga l% 'osro.kZ% lqUnj% pA o;a ozQes.k vU;ku~

tUrwu~ nz{;ke% A ,"k% x.Md% vrho cyoku~A

o#.k% & rkr! u dksfi ,ua ekjf;rqe~ leFkZ% bfr vga

fpUr;kfeA

rkr% & vFk fde~\ v=k v;%itjosQ flage~ u i';fl\

,"k% oujkt% {k.ksu ,o x.MoaQ xta ok gUrqe~

leFkZ% Ar#.k% & rkr] ;s tUro% v=k olfUr] rs"kk a HkkstuL; O;oLFkka

d% djksfr\


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rkr% & r=k lsod% HkofrA l% HkkstuL; O;oLFkk a djksfr

rL; j{k.kap djksfrA

o#.k% & gs r#.k! v=k osQpu okujk% owQnZfUrA

r#.k% & vga okujsH;% iQykfu ;PNkfeA

o#.k% & r#.k! v=k i';A ,"k% xt% egkdk;% i'kq% vfLrA

r#.k% & vke~! vga xte~ vkjksgkfeA

(xtkjksg.kadjksfr)o#.k% & v=k 'kq dk%] cdk%] lkjlk%] e;wjk% p LoPNUna

fogjfUrA ,rs"kq'kqd% gfjr% lqUnj% pA


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r#.k% & v=k o;a flag'kkodku~] flagku~] O;k?kzku~] edjku~]

HkYywdku~ p i';ke% A

rkr% & 'kksHkue~ A o;aJkUrk% Le% A ,d=k mifo'kke% A

Hkkstukr~ i'pkr~ vU;ku~tUrwu~ nz{;ke% A

(losZ Hkkstuk; mifo'kfUrA)


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vuq'khyue~

1- vke~ vFkok u bfr fy[krA

(i) fda tUrq'kkyk o.Mywj&izns'ks vfLr\

(ii) fda o.Mywj&izns'k% fnYyhuxjs vfLr\

(iii)fda 'kqdL; o.kZ% ".k% vfLr\

(iv)fda xt% LFkwy% vfLr\

(v)fda gal% ihro.kZ% vfLr\2- v/ksfyf[krkukaiz'ukuke~ mkja,osQu@insu fy[krA

(i) tUrq'kkyk oqQ=k vfLr\

(ii) d% fnYyhuxjkr~ vkxPNr~\

(iii)Roe~ osQu lg vkxPN%\

(iv)r#.k% okujsH;% fda ;PNfr\

(v)'kqdL; o.kZ% d%\

3- ,osQu okD;su mkjrA

(i) r#.k% osQu lg tUrq'kkyke~ vxPNr~\

(ii) xte~d% vkjksgfr\


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(iii)galL; o.kZ% d%\

(iv)itjs d% fr"Bfr\

(v)x.Md% oqQ=k vfLr\

4- mfprinS% fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;rA

(tuosQu] okujk;] flag'kkodku~] x.Md%] 'kqd%)

(i) vga &&&&&&&&& iQykfu v;PNe~A

(ii) &&&&&&&&& vrho LFkwy% i'kq% vfLrA(iii) vga &&&&&&&&& lg tUrq'kkyke~ vxPNe~A

(iv)o;a &&&&&&&&& edjku~] x.Mdku~ p vi';keA

(v) &&&&&&&&& gfjro.kZ% vfLrA

5- js[kkfra ine~ vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#rA

(i) vga okujk; iQye~ v;PNe~A(ii) x.Md% cyoku~ i'kq% vfLrA

(iii) vga HkYywdku~vi';e~A

(iv)tUrq'kkyk o.Mywj~&izns'ks vfLrA

6- foijhrkFkZd&inkukaesyua oqQ#rA

d [k

(i) LFkwy% vlqUnje~

(ii) lqUnje~ lw{e%

(iii) fe=ke~ fudVe~

(iv) nwje~ 'k=kq%


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7- ikBkr~ vO;;inkfu fpRok fy[krA

;Fkk & vfi

8- etw"kk;ka iznks"kqi'kq"kqd% xzkE;%] d% oU;% bfr fy[krA

okuj%] o`"kHk%] xt%] fcMky%]

oqQDoqQj%] vt%] flag%] HkYywd%]

fp=kd%] /suq%] k`xky%] O;k?kz%]

?kksVd%] x.Md%

xzkE;% oU;%

(i) (i)

(ii) (ii)

(iii) (iii)

(iv) (iv)

(v) (v)

(vi) (vi)

(vii) (vii)


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3- lqHkkf"krkfu&1

iBke% fofo/ku~ikBku~ lkuUna;kuiwoZde~A

rr% ozQhMk.kaxRok [ksyke% cU/oks o;e~AA

la[;kozQekuqlkjs.k vUo;L; iwfrZ% v/% iznks LFkkus dj.kh;kA

(7) iBke% (3) fofo/ku~(4) ikBku~(5) lkuUna(6) ;kuiwoZoaQ

(8) rr% (9) ozQhMk.ka(10) xRok (11) [ksyke% (2) cUko%

(1) o;a

vUo;%

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o;e~ iBke%

o;e~ hMke%


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vuq'khyue~

1- ^vke~* vFkok ^u* bfr onrA

mkjkf.k(i) fda o;a fofo/ku~ ikBku~ iBke%\ &&&&&&&

(ii) fdao;a fofo/ku~ikBku~lkuUna &&&&&&&

;kuiwoZoaQ p iBke%\

(iii)fda o;a iBukr~ija ozQhMk.ka &&&&&&&

xRok [ksyke%\(iv)fda o;a losZcU/o%\ &&&&&&&

2- ,osQu okD;su mkja nsfgA

(i) ;w;a fo|ky;s fdafda iBFk\ &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

(ii) ;w;a fo|ky;s dFka iBFk\ &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

(iii);w;a dnk [ksyFk\ &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

(iv);w;a oqQ=k [ksyFk\ &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

(v)fda;w;a losZ cU/o%\ &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&


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vfHkoknu'khyL; fuR;a o`ksilsfou% A

pRokfj rL; o/ZUrs vk;qfoZ|k ;'kks cye~AA2AA

la[;kozQekuqlkjs.k vUo;L; iwfrZ% v/%iznks LFkkus dj.kh;kA

(2) fuR;a (5) vk;q%] fo|k] ;'k%] cye~ (bfr ,rkfu)

(1) vfHkoknu'khyL; (4) rL; (3) o`ksilsfou% (7) o/ZUrs

(6) pRokfj

vUo;%

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vuq'khyue~


mkjkf.k(i) fde~ vfHkoknu'khyL; vk;q% o/Zrs\ &&&&&&&

(ii) fda fuR;ao`ksilsfou% ;'k% o/Zrs\ &&&&&&&

(iii)fde~ vfHkoknu'khyL; fo|k {kh;rs\ &&&&&&&

(iv)fda o`ksilsfou% cya {kh;rs\ &&&&&&&

2- v/ksfyf[kr&iz'ukuke~ mkjkf.k ,osQu&insu fy[krA

(i) vfHkoknu'khyL; fda fda o/Zrs\ &&&&&&&

(ii) dL; pRokfj o/ZUrs\ &&&&&&&


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Hkk"kklq eq[;k e/qjk fnO;k xhokZ.kHkkjrhA

r=kkfi e/qja dkO;a rLeknfi lqHkkf"kre~AA3AA

la[;kozQekuqlkjs.k vUo;L; iwfrZ% v/%iznks LFkkus dj.kh;k

(1) Hkk"kklq (5) fnO;k (p) (3) eq[;k (2) xhokZ.kHkkjrh

(4) ekqjk (10) lqHkkf"kra (e/qjrje~) (7) dkO;a (9) rLeknfi

(6) r=kkfi (8) e/qja

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vuq'khyue~


mkjkf.k(i) fda Hkk"kklq xhokZ.kHkkjrh eq[;k\ &&&&&&&

(ii) fda dkO;kr~lqHkkf"kra e/qjrje~\ &&&&&&&

(iii)fda Hkk"kklqdkO;e~ e/qje~\ &&&&&&&

(iv)fda Hkk"kklqxhokZ.kHkkjrh fnO;k\ &&&&&&&

(v) Hkk"kk.kka e;s dk Hkk"kk eq[;k] e/qjk &&&&&&&fnO;k p\


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Nk;keU;L; dqoZfUr fr"BfUr Lo;ekrisA

iQykU;fi ijkFkkZ; o`{kk% lRiq#"kk boAA4AA

la[;kekuqlkjs.k vUo;L; iwfrZ% v/% iznks LFkkus dj.kh;k

(4) dqoZfUr (1) o`{kk% (2) lRiq#"kk% bo (3) vU;L; Nk;ka

(5) Lo;e~(6) vkris (9) ijkFkkZ; (7) fr"BfUr (8) iQykfu

vfi (10) ;PNfUr

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vuq'khyue~


mkjkf.k(i) fda o`{kk% LoL; vFksZNk;ka dqoZfUr\ &&&&&&&

(ii) fda o`{kk% lRiq#"kk bo lfUr\ &&&&&&&

(iii)fda rjo% vkris fr"BfUr\ &&&&&&&

(iv)fda iknik% iQykfu Lo;eso [kknfUr\ &&&&&&&

(v)fdao{kk% lRiq#"kk bo ijksidkfj.k%\ &&&&&&&2- v/ksfyf[kr&iz'ukuke~ mRrjkf.k ,dsu insu fy[krA

(i) o`{kk% Nk;ka dLeS ;PNfUr\ &&&&&&&

(ii) iknik% Lo;a dq=k fr"BfUr\ &&&&&&&

(iii)ds lRiq#"kk bo HkofUr\ &&&&&&&

3- lekukFkZdinS% lg esy;rA

mkjkf.k

fnudj% lRiq#"k% -----------------

r#% lw;Z% -----------------

lTtu% o{k% -----------------


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4- js[kkfrine~vf/R; iz'ufuekZ.ka dq#rA

mkjkf.k

(i) o`{kk%Nk;ke~vU;L; dqoZfUrA -----------------

(ii) o`{kk% Lo;e~vkris fr"BfUrA -----------------

(iii) o`{kk% lRiq#"kk boA -----------------

(iv) o`{kk%iQykfuijkFkkZ; ;PNfUrA -----------------


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4- dks.kkoZQ%

(,dfLeu~ fo|ky;s vkpk;Z&Nk=kk.kka e;s 'kSf{kd&Hkze.k&fo"k;s

laokn% izpyfrA)

vkpk;Z% & fiz;&Nk=kk%! lqizHkkre~A

Nk=kk% & lqizHkkre~ vk;Z! ueksLrqAvkpk;Z% & ueksLrqA ;q"ekfHk% 'kSf{kd&Hkze.kare~\

Nk=kk% & vke~ vk;Z!

vkpk;Z% & fda ;w;a losZ izlUuk%\


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Nk=kk% & vke~] o;a losZizlUuk% ,oA

vkpk;Z% & vfr'kksHkue~A ;w;aoqQ=k vxPNr\

lq'khy% & vk;Z ] o;a dks.kkoZQefUnje~ vxPNkeA

vkpk;Z% & lk/qA lquhrs] tkukfl] dks.kkoZQ% oqQ=k vfLr\

lquhrk & tkukfe vk;Z] dks.kkoZQ% vksfjlkizns'ks vfLrA

vkpk;Z% & xksfoUn] Roa dFk;] fdeFkZe~ bnaefUnja dks.kkoZQ% bfr

dF;rs\xksfoUn% & tkukfe vk;Z! voZQL; vFkkZr~ lw;ZL; dks.k% ,rn~

efUnjaizFkeaLi`'kfrA vr% vL; uke dks.kkoZQ% A

vkpk;Z% & lehphue~A es/s] Roa on] dks.kkoZQefUnjL; vkdkj%

dhn`'k%\

es/k & dks.kkoZQefUnja jFk:ie~ vfLrA rL; }kn'k pkf.klfUrA

vkpk;Z% & 'kksHkue~A fiz;&Nk=kk%! dks.kkoZQ% HkkjrL; izfla

i;ZVuLFkkue~ vfLrA lqjs'k! vksfjlkizns'kL; vU;s"kka

i;ZVuLFkkukuka ukekfu ;fn tkukfl rfgZ dFk;A

lqjs'k% & vg a dFk;kfe vk;Z! r=k iz fle~ i qj hLFke ~

txUukFkefUnje~vfi vfLrA

vkpk;Z% & 'kksHkue~A o;a los Z r=k xRok dks.kkoZQefUnjL;

vksfjlkizns'kL; p 'kksHkka iqu% nz{;ke% A


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vuq'khyue~

1- vke~ @u bfr fy[krA

1- fda dks.kkoZQ% vksfjlkizns'ks vfLr\ ------------------2- fda dks.kkoZQ% izfla efUnje~vfLr\ ------------------

3- fde~ voZQ% pUnzL; i;kZ;%\ ------------------

4- fda dks.kkoZQjFks =khf.k pozQkf.k lfUr\ ------------------

5- fda iqjhLFka txUukFkefUnje~ vksfjlkizns'kL; ------------------

izflai;ZVuLFkkue~ vfLr\2- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mkjkf.k ,osQu insu fy[krA

1- dks.kkoZQ% oqQ=k vfLr\ ------------------

2- losZ Nk=kk% oqQ=k vxPNu~\ ------------------

3- dks.kkoZQjFkL; }kn'k dkfHk lfUr\ ------------------

4- dks.kkoZQ% dL; izns'kL; izfli;ZVu& ------------------

LFkkue~\

3- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~mkjkf.k ,osQu okD;su fy[krA

1- Nk=kk% dq =k vxPNu~\

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2- dks.kkoZ Q% dq=k vfLr\

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3- dks.kkdZefUnjL; vkdkj% dhn`'k% vfLr\

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4- vksfjlkizns'kL; osQ"kkpu i;ZVu&LFkkukukaukekfu fy[krA

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4- fuEufyf[krs"kq ins"kq leqfpra i;kZ;ina ikBkr~ fpRokfy[krA

lk/q &

lkSUn;Ze~ &

lw;Z% &

fo[;kr% &nsoky;% &

5- foykseesyua oqQ#rA

izfl% u

fiz;% vizfl%

fo'ks"k% vuoxre~

vke~ vfiz;%

voxre~ vfo'ks"k%


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5- cqfeku~ dkd%,d% dkd% vkgkjk; brLrr% vHkzer~A

rnk l% viwi&Hkk.Mkr~ ,de~ viwie~

vikgjr~A i'pkr~ o`{kL; mifj mikfo'kr~A

l% vfpUr;r~&^^vgks] egr~ HkkX;a ee!

Lokfn"Ve~viwiaHk{k;kfe bfrA rnk df'pr~

tEc wd% rL; o `{ kL;

lehie~ vkxPNr ~A l%

dkdL; eq[k s viwie ~

vi';r~A l% vfpUr;r~ &

^^osQukfi mik;su viwie~AvigjkfeA** rr% k`xky%

radkde~vonr~ & ^fe=k!

fpjkr~ Roka i';kfeA fda

oqQ'kyh Hkcku~\ [kxs"kqHkoku~

,o l q Unj% ] l qe/ q j %xk;d%A i;k ,da xkue~

xk;rqA** cqfeku~ dkd%

vi w i a i k n; k s % v/%


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LFkkif;Rok doZQ'kLojs.k ^dk*

^dk* bfr 'kCne ~ vdjk sr ~ A

ofpr%k`axky% nq%f[kr% vHkor~A

dkd% k`xkye~ vonr~& js js

k`xky] vga u ew[kZ%A xrk% rs

fnolk%A v/quk vge~ vfi

cqfeku~ vfLeA yfTtr% k`xky%nwje~ vkkor~A


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35

vuq'khyue~


mkjkf.k(i) fda dkd% viwie~ vikgjr~\ &&&&&&&

(ii) fda k`xky% fpUr;fr ^^vgks] egr~ &&&&&&&

HkkX;a ee** bfrA

(iii)fda k`xky% o`{kL; 'kk[kk;ke~ mikfo'kr~A &&&&&&&

(iv)fda dkdL; eq[kkr~viwi% virr~\ &&&&&&&(v)fda k`xky% lUrq"V% vHkor~\ &&&&&&&

2- v/ksfyf[kr&iz'ukuke~ mkjkf.k ,osQu okD;su fy[krA

(i) d% viwie~ vikgjr~\ &&&&&&&&&&&&&&

(ii) dkd% fde~vfpUr;r~\ &&&&&&&&&&&&&&

(iii)o`{kL; lehis d% vkxPNr~\ &&&&&&&&&&&&&&

(iv)dkoaQ n`"V~ok k`xky% fde~ &&&&&&&&&&&&&&

vonr~\

(v)dkd% k`xkyafde~ vdFk;r~\ &&&&&&&&&&&&&&


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36

3- mfprinsu fjDrLFkkua iwj;rA

(nwja] eq[ks] prqj%] ew[kZ%)

(i) ,d% dkd% &&&&&&&& viwia xzghRok mifo"V% A

(ii) dkd% vrho &&&&&&&& vklhr~A

(iii) js js k`xky! vga&&&&&&&& ukfLeA

(iv) k`xky% eq[ke~v/% Rok &&&&&&&& v/kor~A

4- dFkka ifBRok fuEufyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mkjkf.k ,osQuinsu fy[krA

(i) d% viwie~ vikgjr~\

(ii) d% oqQ=k mikfo'kr~\

(iii) ^^osQukfi mik;su viwie~vigjkfe** bfr d% vfpUr;r~\

(iv) dkd% viwia oqQ=k LFkkif;Rok vxk;r~\5- js[kkfr&ine~ vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#rA

(i) dkd% vkgkjk; brLrr% vHkzer~A

(ii) dkd% o`{kL; 'kk[kk;ke~ mikfo'kr~A

(iii) k`xky% dkdL; eq[ks viwie~vi';r~A

(iv) dkd% ikn;ks% v/% viwia LFkkif;Rok xkue~ vxk;r~A

(v) yfTtr% k`xky% eq[ke~ v/% Rok nwje~ iykf;r% A


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37

6- v/ksfyf[kr&inkuka esyua foykse'kCnS% lg oqQ#rA

d [k

1- lq Unj% 1- fudVe~

2- nq%[kh 2- doZQ'k%

3- v/% 3- vlqUnj%

4- e/qj% 4- lq[kh

5- ew[kZ % 5- mifj 6- nwje~ 6- prqj%

7- fp=ka n`"V~ok mfprinS% dFkka iwj;rA


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38

flag% ew"kdp

,dfLeu~ &&&&&&&& (ou) ,d% flag% volr~A ,dnk l%

&&&&&&&& (o`{k) uhpS% lqIr% vklhr~A ,d% ew"kd% rL; 'kjhjs

brLrr% &&&&&&&& (/ko~ y~)A rsu flag% izcq% A l% ew"kdk;

vozqQ;r~A ew"kd% vonr~] Hkks oujktA &&&&&&&& (vLen~)n;kaoqQ#A vga;Fkkdkya Hkor% lgk;rka &&&&&&&& ( y`V~)A

flag% ew"koQe~ &&&&&&&& (eqp~ y~)A ,dnk flag% O;k/L;

tkys c% vHkor~A rnk l% &&&&&&&& (xtZ~ y~)A rr~


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39

vkd.;Zew"kd% r=k vkxPNr~ vonr~ p&^^Hkks jktu~] vgatkya

UrkfeA Hkoku~fpUrkau djksrqA rr% l% ew"kd% tkye~&&&&&&&&

(r~ y~) rsu eqDr% vHkor~A izlUu% p vonr~ & ^^Hkks fe=k

ew"kd! &&&&&&&& (vLen~) izlUu% vfLeA**


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40

6- dkfynkl%

Nk=kk% & ueLrs vkpk;Zo;Z!

v;kid% & fiz;&Nk=kk% A eykfu HkoUrqA mifo'krA i';Urq

bna fp=kaA

losZ & i';ke% xq#o;Z!v;kid% & fp=ks fda i';Fk\ lqjs'k] Roa dFk;A

lqjs'k% & ,rr~ HkkjrL; ekufp=ke~ vfLrA

v;kid% & lehphue~A fxjh'k] Roa onA fp=ks fdefi vU;r~


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41

i';fl\

fxjh'k% & vke~ egksn;! ,dL; egkiq#"kL; fp=ka i';kfeA

dks;a egkiq#"k%\ i;k onrqA

v;kid% & vL; egkiq #"kL; uke egkdfo% dkfynkl% A

x.ks'k% & xq#nso! fdafda fyf[kre~ vusu egkiq#"ks.k\

v;kid & lehphu% iz'u% A v/% iznka fp=kai';A

v=k fda fde~ vfLr\

x.ks'k% & xq#nso! v=k vusdkfu iqLrdkfu lfUrA

v;kid% & ukekfu ifBRok dFk;A


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42

x.ks'k% & dqekjlEHkoe~] j?kqoa'ke~] es?knwre~] rqlagkje~]

vfH kK ku' k ko q Q U rye ~ ] foe k s o Z ' k h;e ~ ]

ekyfodkfXufe=ke~A

v;kid% & vfr'kksHkue~A

fnus'k% & vkpk;Z! v;adfo% oqQ=k volr~\

v;kid% & oRl fnus'k! ekufp=ka i';A r=kSo fyf[kre~vfLrA

fnus'k% & i';kfe xq jks! ^mTtf;uh* bfr fyf[kre~Av;kid% & 'kksHkue~A mTtf;uh ,o ,rL; egkdos% tUeLFkkue~A

r=kSo volr~ l%A Hkqous'k! Roa on] mTtf;uh

dfLeu~ izns'ks vfLr\

Hkqous'k% & vkpk;Z! e;izns'ks vfLr bfrA

v;kid% & lehphue~Afiz;&Nk=kk%! ;kusu k`.kqrA ,rs"kqiqLrosQ"kq Hkkjrh;&laLfr% of.kZrkA

v;a dfo% dkfynkl% jktk HkkstL; lHkk;ke~ vklhr~A jktk Hkkst %

dkfynklL; ijeafe=ke~ vklhr~A v;a laLrlkfgR;L; Hkkjrns'kL;

p jRue~vfLrA


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43

vuq'khyue~


mkjkf.k(i) fde~vfLeu~ ikBs HkkjrL; ----------------

ekufp=ka iznf'kZre~\

(ii) fda ekufp=ks vU;L; dL;kfi ----------------

fp=ke~vfLr\

(iii)fde~bna fp=ka egkdos% dkfynklL; ----------------vfLr\

(iv)fde~ vfHkKku'kkoqQUrye~ bfr ----------------

ukVdL; ys[kd% egkdfo% dkfynkl%\

(v)fda j?kqoa'kegkdkO;e~ vfi egkdfouk ----------------

dkfynklsu fyf[kre~\

2- v/ksfyf[kr&iz'ukuke~ mkjkf.k ,osQu&insu fy[krA

(i) vLekoaQ ns'kL; egkdfo% d%\ ----------------

(ii) dkfynkl% dq=k volr~\ ----------------

(iii)egkdfo% dkfynkl% oqQ=k volr~\ ----------------


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44

(iv) ^^es?knwre~** uke xhfrdkO;a osQu fyf[kre~\ -------

---------

3- js[kkfr&ine~ vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.kaoqQ#rA

(i) HkkjrL; ekufp=ke~A

(ii) v;a egkdfo% vfLrA

(iii) fp=ks lIr iqLrdkfu lfUrA

(iv) dkfynkl% mTtf;U;ke~volr~A(v) dkfynkl% lkfgR;ekyk;k% jRue~ vfLrA

4- ,osQu okD;su mkjkf.k ns;kfuA

(i) dkfynkl% dL; lHkk;ke~vklhr~\

(ii) dkfynklL; fe=ka d% vklhr~\

(iii) vL; jpuklq dL; laLfr% of.kZrk vfLr\(iv) dkfynklL; tUeLFkkua fde~\

5- etw "kk;k% fpRok }s i;kZ;okph ins fy[kr &

lsod%] f'k{kd%] Hkwifr%] Hk`R;%] v;kid%] u`i%

mkjkf.k &

1-

2-

6- dks"Bdxra 'kqa ine~ bfr vusu fpsu fp;rA

1- dkfynklsu leku% u dksfi -------------------- (vklhr~@

vklu~)


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45

2- dkfynkl% -------------------------- vklhr~A (egkdfo%@

lkekU;dfo%)

3- dkfynkl% HkkstL; -------------------- vklhr~A (fe=ka@'k=kq%)

4- v;a dfo% ---------------------------- volr~A (mTtf;uhuxjs@

fnYyhuxjs)

7- dkfynklsu fyf[krkukaiqLrdkuka ukekfu fy[krA

1- -------------------- 2- --------------------3- -------------------- 4- --------------------

5- -------------------- 6- --------------------

7- --------------------


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46

7- ozQhMkfnol%

(,dfLeu~ fo|ky;s ozQhMkfnol% vfLrA

rnk }kS Nk=kkS ijLijaokrkZykia oqQ#r%A)

lquhy% & fiz; fe=k vfuy! v| Roe~ vfrizlUu% vflA fdadkj.ke~\

vfuy% & vk'p;Ze~! Roa u tkukfl\ vLekoaQ fo|ky;s v|

ozQhMkfnol% vfLrA


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47

lquhy% & ozQhMkfnol%! vLekoaQ fiz;% mRlo%A

vfuy% & vke~A tkukfl\ v| ozQhMk.ks nhif'k[kke~ vge~,o

ogkfeA

lquhy% & vfr'kksHkue~A 'kqHk&lekpkj% v;e~A izfro"k Roe~ ,o

kkou&izfr;ksfxrk;ke~]

nh?kZ&mRiru&izfr;ksfxrk;ke~]

ikndUn qd&hMk;k a ][kk s&[kks& ozQhMk;ka p

loksZke&;ksX;rk& i=ka

izkIuk sf"kA vfLeu~ o"k sZ

vfi rr~ izkIrqaiz;Rua oqQ#A

vfuy% & vo';a djksfe cU/ks!lquhy% & vL; mRloL; eq[;% vfrfFk% d%\

vfuy% & vLekoaQ jkT;L; [ksyeU=khA

lquhy% & ,oe~ egku~izeksn% A

vfuy% & l% ,o ikfjrksf"kdkf.k forfj";frA

lquhy% & lehphue~A rL; gLrkr~ indL; ikfjrksf"kdL; p

xzg.kaxkSjok; ,oA v/quk xUrO;e~A lk;kys ro

x`ge~vkxfe";kfeA

vfuy% & i;k vkxPNA vga izhfrHkkstua nkL;kfeA


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lquhy% & /U;oknk% A iqu% esfy";ko% A

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%

vfLeu~ lUnHksZ Nk=kk.kka e;s prl.kka ozQhMkuka ifjp;%

vfLr&

(1) /kou&izfr;ksfxrk]

(2) [kks&[kks&ozQhMk](3) ikndUnqd&izfr;ksfxrk]

(4) prq j&ozQhMk pA

[kks&[kks&ozQhMk & Nk=kk.kka}s nys Hkor% A izR;sd&nys uo ozQhMdk%

HkofUrA ,dL; nyL; ozQhMdk% vijnyL; ozQhMdku~Liz"Vqa iz;Rua

oqQoZfUrA rs mRlkgsu [ksyfUrA f}rh;L; nyL; ozQhMdk% vkRej{k.kaoqQoZfUra rs Li`"Vk Hkforqa u bPNfUrA Li`"V% ozQhMd% [ksyck%

HkofrA

jat;r


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49

ikndUnqd&izfr;ksfxrk

ikndUnqd&izfr;ksfxrk

v=k }s nys Lr% A izR;sd&nys ,dkn'k ozQhMdk% lfUrA

v=kkfi ,d% fu.kkZ;d% vfLrA l% ozQhMk;k% le;e~ vuq'kklua p

iky;frA ;r~ nyay{;a izfr vf/drea dUnqoaQ f{kifr rr~fot;a

izkIuksfrA


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50

vuq'khyue~

1- ikBa ifBRok v/ksfyf[krkukaiz'ukuke~ mkjkf.k

vke~vFkok u bfr Rok fy[krA1- fda ozQhMkfnol% Nk=kk.kka fiz;% mRlo% vfLr\

2- fda ozQhMkfnols nhif'k[kk;k% ogua Hkofr\

3- fde~ vfLeu~voljs lquhyxokLdj% eq[;%

vfrfFk% vfLr\

4- fda fo|ky;L; izkpk;Z% ikfjrksf"koaQ forjfr\

2- i;kZ;okpd&'kCn;ks% esyua oqQ#rA

;Fkk izfr;ksfxrk & Li/kZ

ozQhMk.ke~ & xzg.ke~

ikfjrksf"kde~ & v/quk

uSiq.;e~ & ozQhMk{ks=ke~bnkuhe~ & iqjLdkj%

Lohdj.ke~ & oqQ'kyrk


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3- foijhrkFkZL; 'kCnL; esyua oqQ#rA

dhfrZ% v;ksX;%

xPNkfe lk;~dkys

;ksX;% nq%f[kr%

izlUu% ijkftr%

izkr%dkys vkxPNkfe

foozQkUr% vidhfrZ%4- fp=ks izorZekukaozQhMke~vf/R; =khf.k okD;kfu fy[krA

(i) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(ii) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(iii) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------


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52

(i) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(ii) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(iii) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(i) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(ii) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(iii) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------


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53

8- lw;kZ; ue%

jkf/dk & fiz;s 'kksHkus!

vL; ikBL; fp=ka i';A'kksHkuk & i';kfe jkf/osQ! i';kfeA

jkf/dk & HkorqA fp=ks fdai';fl\

'kksHkuk & lw;ksZn;a i';kfeA

foHkk & 'kksHkus! lw;Z% dnk mn;rs\

'kksHkuk & izHkkrle;s foHks!foHkk & lehphue~A

izHkk & 'kk sHkus] ?kfVdka n`"V~ok dFk;A v/quk le;% d%\

'kksHkuk & v/quk izkr% "kM~oknue~A


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54

jkf/dk & lehphue~A ekys! v/quk lw;ZL; mn;% Hkofr fdy\

ekyk & vke~ jkf/osQA

lw;ksZn; & lw;ksZ n;s tuk% fda fda oqQoZfUr\

jkf/dk & fp=ka n`"V~ok dFk;A

ekyk & dFk;kfeA tuk% 'k;ukr~ mfk"BfUrA

nsoh & rr% nUr/kouaoqQoZfUrA osQpu nUr/koua Rok Lukua

oqQoZfUrAHkkfeuh & rs nsoa uefUrA Nk=kk% LoikBku~ iBfUrA

rs ikBa fy[kfUrA

ekfyuh & firk lekpkji=ka iBfrA

dkfeuh & Nk=kk% fo|ky;axPNfUrA firk dk;kZy;axPNfrA

HkkxZoh & "kd% {ks=ka d"kZfrAufUnuh & ekrk vksnua ipfrA ,oa losZLoa&Loa dk; oqQoZfUrA

jkf/dk & i';r! vkpk;Z% vkxr%A rw".khaHkorA

(vkpk;Z% d{kka izfo'kfr)

vkpk;Z% & fiz;&Nk=kk%! v| o;alkSj'kDrs% mi;ksxfo"k;s fdfpr~

iBke%A

Nk=kk% & vkpk;Z! o;aifBrqe~ bPNke% A

vkpk;Z% & HkorqA ueu! mfk"BA dFk;] lw;Z% oqQ=k mn;rs\

ueu% & vkpk;Z! lw;Z% iwoZL;kafnf'k mn;rsA


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55

vkpk;Z% & 'kksHkue~A l% oqQ=k vLraxPNfr\

ueu% & Jheu~A lw;Z% if'pek;ka fnf'k vLra xPNfrA

vkpk;Z% & 'kksHkuesoA mifo'kA o#.k! mfk"BA lw;ZL; fdj.kk%

dhn`'kk% HkofUr\

o#.k% & vkpk;Z! lw;Zfdj.kk% vfr izdk'k;qDrk% HkofUrA

vkpk;Z% & lehphue~A Nk=kk% ! lw;Z% rstkse;% vfLrA rL; rst%

lagj.kh;e~AizHkq% & rsu fda iz;kstuafl;fr\

vkpk;Z% & lehphu% iz'u% A lw;ZL; mQtkZfofo/:is.k mi;qDrk

HkofrA

izHkq% & xq#nsoA lkSj'kDrs% fofo/ku~mi;ksxku~ dFk;rqA

vkpk;Z% & ' k k sH k ue ~ A l k S j' k DR; k l k S j' k kdi kdLF k kyh (lksyj&oqQDdj)] lkSjtynkgd% (lksyj&okVj&ghVj)]

tym k k syde ~ (l k syj& o kVj&iEi) ]

okguxfr&fu;U=kde~ bR;knhuka lk/ukuke~ mi;ksx%

vfuok;Z% A fo|qr~&'kDrs% yo.kL; p mRifk% lkSj'kDR;k

HkofrA ,oalkSj'kDrs% vusosQ mi;ksxk% HkofUrA

Nk=kk% & /U;k% o;axq#o;Z!


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56

vuq'khyue~

1- lw;Z'kDrs% mi;ksx% dFka fozQ;rs\ esyua Rok fy[krA

lk/ukfu mi;ksxk%lksyj&oqQDdj m".kksnd&mkksyue~

lksyj&okVj&ghVj ;krk;kr&fu;U=k.ke~

Hk{;k.kka ifjikd%

mkjkf.k fpRok (okD;:is.k) iqu% fy[krA

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

2- ifBRok vke~* vFkok ^u* bfr fy[krA

(i) fdalkSj'kDR;k yo.kL; mRifk% Hkofr\ &&&&&&&&&&&

(ii) fda lkSj'kDR;k fon~;qr~&'kDrs% mRifk% vfi Hkofr\

&&&&&&&&&&&

(iii) fda lkSjfo|qr~&'kDR;k vusdkfu lk/ukfu lpkfyrkfu

HkofUr &&&&&&&&&&&


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57

(iv) fda lkSj'kDR;k m".kksndL; mkksyua lqdja Hkofr\

&&&&&&&&&&&

(v) fdalkSj'kfDrlk/ukuke~mi;ksxsu okrkoj.kalqjf{kraHkofrA

&&&&&&&&&&&

3- mfpre~ mkja fpRok fy[krA

(i) lw;Z% &&&&&&&&&&& (izkr%@lk;a) mn;rsA

(ii) lw;Z% &&&&&&&&&&& (if'pek;ka@iwoZL;ka) fnf'k mn;rsA(iii) lw;Z% izkr% &&&&&&&&&&& (ip@"kM~) oknus mn;rsA

(iv) lw;k Zsn; s tuk% Lo&Lo&dekZf.k &&&&&&&&&&&

(oqQoZfUr@u oqQoZfUr)A

4- ikBkr~ fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;rA

(i) lw;Zfdj.kk% &&&&&&&&&&& HkofUrA(ii) lw;Z% &&&&&&&&&&& HkofrA

(iii) lw;Z% rst% &&&&&&&&&&&A

(iv) lw;ZL; mQtkZ vrho &&&&&&&&&&& HkofrA

5- d% fda djksfr\ esyuaRok fy[krA

ekrk nsoa uefr

firk {ks=ka d"kZfr

xq#% xkuaxk;fr

"kd% lekpkj&i=kaiBfr

ckfydk ikBa ikB;fr


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HkDr% vksnuaipfr

(i) &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

(ii) &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

(iii) &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

(iv) &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

(v) &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

(vi) &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&6- ,osQu insu mkj;rA

(i) lw;Z% dnk mn;rs\ &&&&&&&&&&&

(ii) lw;Z% dnk vLraxPNfr\ &&&&&&&&&&&

(iii) "kd% fdadjksfr\ &&&&&&&&&&&A

(iv) Nk=kk% oqQ=k xPNfUr\ &&&&&&&&&&&A(v) dk xk;fr\ &&&&&&&&&&&A

(vi) d% lekpkj&i=kaiBfr\ &&&&&&&&&&&A

7- fp=kkf.k n`"V~ok d% fdadjksfr bfr fy[krA

(i) (ii)


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59

(iii) (iv)

(v) (vi)

okD;kfu fy[krA

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

(vi)

(vii)


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60

9- lqHkkf"krkfu &2

vkyL;a fg euq";k.kka 'kjhjLFkks egkfjiq% A

ukLR;q|eleks cU/q% Rok ;a ukolhnfrAA


(1) vkyL;afg (4) egkfjiq% (vfLr) (7) ukfLr (3) 'kjhjLFk%

(10) u volhnfr (2) euq";k.kka (5) m|e le% (6) cU/q%

(8) ;a (9) Rok (tu%)

vUo;%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


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61

vuq'khyue~


(i) fde~ m|eleku% cU/q% ukfLr\(ii) fde~ vkyL;a euq";k.kka fe=ke~ vfLr\

(iii) fde~ m|ea Rok tu% lq[ke~vuqHkofr\

(iv) 'kjhjs fr"Bfr bfr 'kjhjLFke~A fde~ bna 'kqe\

2- v/ksfyf[kr&iz'ukuke~ mkjkf.k ,osQu insu fy[krA

(i) d% egkfjiq% vfLr\(ii) vkyL;a oqQ=k fr"Bfr\

(iii) d% euq";k.kka cU/q%\

(iv) fdaRok tu% thous volkna u izkIuksfr\

3- js[kkfr&ine~ vknk; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#rA

(i) vkyL;aeuq";k.kkaegkfjiq% A

(ii) m|esu le%cU/q% ukfLrA


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vukgwr% izfo'kfr vi`"Vks cgq Hkk"krsA

vfo'oLrs fo'oflfr ew


63/105

63

vuq'khyue~

1- ^vke~* vFkok ^u* bfr fy[krA

(i) fdaKkfutu% vukgwr% izfo'kfr\(ii) fdaujk/e% vfo oLr&tus fo okladjksfr\

(iii) fdaujkske% vi`"V% vf/oaQ Hkk"krs\


(i) d% vukgwr% izfo'kfr\

(ii) d% ujk/e%\(iii) ujk/e% dnk cgq Hkk"krs\

(iv) ujk/e% dfLeu~ fo'oflfr\

3- js[kkfrine~vf/R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#rA

(i) ujk/e% vukgwr% izfo'kfrA

(ii) ew


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64

foyksekFkZinS% lg esy;rA

mkjkf.k

vukgwr% i`"V%

vi`"V% ujkske%

ujk/e% vkgwr%


65/105

65

v;a fut% ijks osfr x.kuk y?kqpsrlke~A

mnkjpfjrkukarq olq/So oqQVqEcde~AA


(1) v;a (5) x.kuk (8) oqQVqEcde~ (6) mnkjpfjrkukarq (2)

fut% (7) olq/k ,o (3) ij% ok bfr (4) y?kqpsrlka

vUo;%

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


66/105

66

vuq'khyue~


(i) y?kqpsrk% olq/So oqQVqEcde~ bfr fpUr;frA(ii) mnkjpfjr% v;a fut%] v;a ij% bfr u x.k;frA

(iii) mketu% lnk iwtuh;% A


(i) osQ"kka olq/So oqQVqEcde~\

(ii) y?kqpsrk% dhn`'kks Hkofr\3- lekukFkZd&inS% lg esy;r

mkjkf.k

fut% Hkwfe% &&&&&&&&&

olq/k lk/q% &&&&&&&&&

mnkjpfjr% vkReh; &&&&&&&&&

oqQVqEcde~ vYiefr% &&&&&&&&&

y?kqpsrk% ifjokj% &&&&&&&&&


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67

4- fo'ks"k.k&fo'ks";&esyua oqQ#rA

ijea egkfjiq% &&&&&&&&&

'kjhjLFk% /eZ% &&&&&&&&&

ew


68/105

68

lq[kkFkhZ psr~ R;tsr~ fo|ka fo|kFkhZpsr~ R;tsr~lq[ke~A

lq[kkfFkZu% oqQrks fo|k oqQrks fo|kfFkZu% lq[ke~AA


(2) psr~(4) R;tsr~(1) lq[kkFkhZ(3) fo|ka(6) lq[ka(5)

fo|kFkhZpsr~(7) R;tsr~ (10) oqQr% (8) lq[kkfFkZu% (13) oqQr%

(12) lq[ka(9) fo|k (11) fo|kfFkZu%

vUo;%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


69/105

69

vuq'khyue~


1- fda lq[kkFkhZ fo|ka R;tsr~\2- fda fo|kFkhZ lq[kaR;tsr~\

3- fda lq[kkFkhZ fo|ka u izkIuksfr\


1- d% lq [ka R;tsr~\

2- lq [kkFkhZ fda R;tsr~\3- fo|k dL; u Hkofr\

3- lekukFkZdinS% esy;rA

mkjkf.k

fo|kFkhZ otZ;sr~

R;tsr~ Nk=k%

4- js[kkfrine~vf/R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#rA

1- lq[kkFkhZ fo|kaR;tsr~A

2- fo|kFkhZ lq[kaR;tsr~A


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70

10- x.kukdkS'kye~

(v;kid% Nk=kk% p okrkZe~dqoZfUr)

v;kid% & fiz;&Nk=kk%A vkxPNrA v=k vusdkfu oLrwfu lfUrA

i';UrqA

Nk=kk% & vkpk;Zo;Z] ,rkfu vrho lqUnjkf.k lfUrA

v;kid% & oRlk%] x.kukdkS'kya i ;rA n'kZ;kfeANk=kk% & vke~ vk;Z] n'kZ;rqA

laLrHkk"kk;ka x.kuk dFka drZO;k\

v;kid% & lehphu% iz'u%A v/quk dFk;kfeA


71/105

71

'kCnlwpha i';rA ,rkfu fp=kkf.k vfi i';rA

x.kf;Rok dFk;rA

(la[;kokph 'kCnlwph)

(Nk=kk% x.k;fUr)

--------------- v'o% --------------- gLrkS

--------------- gLrk% --------------- dUnq dk%

,d% dUnqd%}kS dUnqdkS=k;% dUnqdk%

pRokj% dUnqdk%,dk% frrfydk

}s frrfydsfr% frrfydk%pr% frrfydk%

,dalsoiQye~}s lsoiQys=khf.k lsoiQykfupRokfj lsoiQykfu


72/105

72

--------------- ekyk --------------- dU;s

--------------- frrfydk --------------- frrfyds

--------------- iQye~ --------------- iQys

--------------- iQykfu --------------- i.kkZ fu

--------------- vqy;% --------------- if{k.k%

--------------- e;wj% --------------- okujk%

--------------- dkd% --------------- oqQekjk%


73/105

73

vuq'khyue~

1- fp=ka n`"V~ok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;rA

--------------- ckyd% ckyd% fda djksfr\

--------------- ckyd% -------------------

---------------ckydkS Lr% ckydkS fda oqQ#r%\

--------------- ckydkS -------------------

fp=ks dfr ckydk% lfUr\ rs fda oqQoZfUr\

-------------------------------------- --------------------------------

v=k dfr tuk% lfUr\

-----------------------------------

lwph & /kor%] hMfUr] /kofr


74/105

74

2-

--------------- Nk=kk Nk=kk fda djksfr\

--------------- Nk=kk-------------------------

--------------- ckfyosQ fy[kr%

fp=ks dfr ckfydk% lfUr\

fp=ks ---------------------------------- ckfydk% lfUrA

fp=ks dfr & ckfydk% lfUr\

fp=ks ---------------------------------- ckfydk% lfUrA

ckfydk% fda oqQoZfUr\

ckfydk% ------------------------------------

lwph & fy[kfr] hMfUr fy[kr%] fy[kfUr


75/105

75

3- la [;kokpd&inS% fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;rA

lwph & ,dk] ,da] }kS] }s] ,d%] }s] fr%] =khf.k]

=k;%] pRokfj] pr%] pRokj%] ip] n'k]

lIrA

(i) losZ"kka ------------------------ eLrde~ vfLrA

(ii) losZ"kka ------------------------ ukfldk vfLrA

(iii) losZ"kka ------------------------ eq[ke~ vfLrA

(iv) losZ"kka ------------------------ d.kkSZ Lr% A

(v) losZ"kka ------------------------ pj.kkS Lr% A

(vi) losZ"kka ------------------------ us=ks Lr% A

(vii) ------------------------ iq#"kk% xPNfUrA(viii) ------------------------ ckfydk% ozQhMfUrA

(ix) ------------------------ iQykfu irfUrA

(x) ------------------------ x`gkf.k v=k lfUrA

(xi) ------------------------ efgyk% uefUrA

(xii) ------------------------ ckfydk% /kofUrA(xiii) ------------------------ ckfyosQ xk;r% A

(xiv)gLrs ------------------------ vqy;% lfUrA


76/105

76

(xv) lIrkgs ------------------------ fnukfu lfUrA

(xvi)gLr;ks% ------------------------ vqy;% lfUrA

4- fp=ka n`"V~ok x.kf;Rok p fy[krA

;Fkk

(i) ,d% dUnqd%

(ii) &&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&(iii) &&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&

(iv) &&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&

(v) &&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&


77/105

77

(vi) &&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&

(vii) &&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&

(viii) &&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&

5- fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;rA

10 &&&&&&&&&& dUnq dk%

1 &&&&&&&&&& pUnz%4 &&&&&&&&&& iq"ikf.k

2 &&&&&&&&&& e;wjkS

5 &&&&&&&&&& ?k.Vk%

3 &&&&&&&&&& oh.kk%


78/105

78

11- o;e~ LokLF;j{kdk%vge~dnyho{k% vfLe~

ee i=kkf.k fo'kkykfu lfUrA

,rr~ ee dnyhiQye~A

,rL; o.kZ% gfjr% HkofrA

;nk ,rr~iDoa Hkofr] rnk ,rL;

o.kZ% ihr% HkofrA tuk% ,rr~[kknfUr

LoLFkk% p HkofUrA

vge~ ujo`{k%A

ee i=kkf.k vfr y?kwfuee iq"ia jDro.kZL; Hkofr

ee vkdkj% y?kq% ijUrq dk; egr~A

vga #x.kkuka cgqlsoka djksfeA

ee iQya ukje~ 'kjhjL; rkiL;

j{kd%AmiDoe~ ,rr~gfjro.kZe~] iDra p ihro.kZe~A

;nk&dnk iDokfu vfi gfjrkfu HkofUrA


79/105

79

vga lsoo`{kk%A

ee iQya lsoiQye~* ,rr~ gfjro.k

jDro.kihro.k p HkofrA ee iQys

v;% 'kfDr%A

dF;rs p &;% ,dalsoiQyaizfrfnua

[kknfr] l% lnSo uhjksxh HkofrA

midkjs ,o ee fo'kokl%vgar nkfMeo`{k%A

ee jDrkfu y?kqiq"ikf.k nhior~

lqUnjkf.k HkofUrA

ee iQya nkfMeaetw"kkor~ vfLrA

vfLeu jl;qDrkfu chtkfu HkofUrA,rkfu jDro/ Zdk fu HkofUrA

ijksidkjk; ,o ee thoue~A

vga vkezo{k%A

ee iQyaiQykuka jktk eU;rsA

ee iQykuke~ vusds mi;ksxk%A

dksfdy% ee 'kk[kkl fLFkRok

ekqqjxkusu losZ"kka fpka gjfr lq[ka p

;PNfrA


80/105

80

o;alosZ tukuka lsoka

eZ% o;e~ tukuke~

LokLF;L; j{kdk%A


81/105

81

vuq'khyue~

1- fp=ka i';r~ ] iQyL; uke fy[kr

;Fkk

dnyhiQye~ &&&&&&&& &&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&

&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&& &&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&

&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&& &&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&


82/105

82

2- o{kk.kka fp=kkf.k i';r] o`{kk"kka ukekfu fy[kr

;Fkk

vkezo`{k%

&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&& &&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&

3- ^vke~* vFkok ^u* bfr :is.k mkja fy[kr

vke~@u;Fkk fda dnyhiQya uhyaHkofr\ &&&& @ u

(i) fdalsoiQys v;% 'kfDr% Hkofr\ &&&& @ &&&&

(ii) fda k{kkiQykuka o`{kk% HkofUr\ &&&& @ &&&&

(iii) fda dksfdy% vke`o{ks xk;fr\ &&&& @ &&&&

(iv) fda nkfMeiQya etw"kkor~ HkofUr\ &&&& @ &&&&(v) fda dnyhi=kkf.k y?kwfu HkofUr\ &&&& @ &&&&

(vi) fdaukjL; jl% rk;ao/Z;fr\ &&&& @ &&&&


83/105

83

4- ,dopukr~ cgqopus ifjorZuadq#r

;Fkk vkezL; o`{k% vke`.ea o`{kk%A

(i) lsoL; jl% &&&&&& jlk%A

(ii) o{kL; Nk;k &&&&&& Nk;k%A

(iii) iQyL; o.kZ% &&&&&& &&&&&&

(iv) i=kL; mi;ksx% &&&&&& &&&&&&

(v) tuL; lsok &&&&&& &&&&&&(vi) ckydL; LokLF;e~ &&&&&& LokLF;e~

(tukuke~] iQykuke~] ckydkuke~] i=kk.kke~] lsokuke~] o`{kk.kke~)

5- foykse'kCnkue~esy;r

(i) ie~ (d) y?kq

(ii) fo'kkye~ ([k) vkxPNfr(iii) 'ke;fr (x) vie~

(iv) xPNfr (?k) LoLFk%

(v) dX.k% () o/Z;fr

6- fo'ks"k.k&fo'ks";a;kst;r

fo'ks"k.kkfu fo'ks";kf.k

(i) ".k% (d) iQye~

(ii) ie~ ([k) iQykuke~

(iii) 'kq"dk.kke~ (x) chtkfu


84/105

84

(iv) lkSU;nZHk;kfu (?k) o.kZ%

(v) jle;kfu () mi;ksxku~

(vi) fofo/kue~ (p) iq"ikf.k


85/105

85

inkuq'khyuhee fo|ky;%

fo'kky% Big

f'k{kd% Teacher

v;kid% TeacherJs.kh Class

uwruiR;k By new method

jlk;ue~ Chemistry

HkkSfrde~ Physics

lax.kde~ Computer

hMk&{ks=ke~ Play ground

iqLrdky;% Library

oozQn.MS% Hockey sticks

ofueqfnzdk Cassette

ofuxzkgde~ Mike

ofu foLrkjde~ Loud Speakeriz{ksi.k&;U=ke~ Overhead projector

nwjn'kZu&;U=ke~ Television

".kiQyde~ Black board


86/105

86

ekykdkj% Gardener

iqjr% In front of

O;k;ke% Exercise

rw".khe~ Silently

mioue~ Garden

iz/kukpk;Z% Headmaster

tUrq'kkykrkr% Father

cl Bus

i'kq% Animal

flag% Lionxt% Elephant

okuj% Monkey

edj% Crocodile

LFkwy% Fat

lkjl% Crane

x.Md% Rhino

tUrq'kkyk Zoo

pVd% Sparrow


87/105

87

'kqd% Parrot

e;wj% Peacock

lqUnj% Beautiful

cd% Crane

fcMky% Cat

oqQDoqQj% Dog

oqQDoqQV% CockHkYywd% Bear

k`xky% Jackal

?kksVd% v o% Hore

xnZHk% Donkey

m"V% Camelgfj.k% Deer

'k'kd% Rabbit

owQeZ% Tortoise

xtZue~ Roaming

Hk"k.ke~ Barlesing

gs"k.kae~ Neighsing

gEHkk Mooing

xnZue~ Breying


88/105

88

?kqV~dkja Hooting

nh?kZjko% howling

esukn% Mewing

c`ag.ke~ lkj.kh Table

lqHkkf"krkfu&1

xq:% Teacher

ikB% Lesson

lgikBd% Classmate

[ksykfe I Play

n`


89/105

89

'khye~ Conduct

o/ZUrs grow (P)

fuR;e~ always

Hkk"kklq Among the languages

eq[;k Important

fnO;k Divine

xhokZ.k Hkkjrh Sanskrit Languagee/qje~ Sweet

dkO;e~ Poetry

lqHkkf"kre~ Good Sayings

Nk;k Shade

vkris In the suniQykfu Fruits

ijkFkkZ; For others

o`{kk% Trees

lRiq#"k% Good people

bo & (v) Like

dks.kkoZQ%'kSf{kd&Hkze.ke~ Educatinoal Tour


90/105

90

lqizHkkue~ Good Morning

voZQ% Sun

dks.k% Ray

voxre~ Understood

lehphue~ Good

efUnje~ Temple

jFk% Charioti;ZVuLFkkue~ Tourist Spot

izfl% Famous

prqj% dkd%

dkd% Crowk`xky% Jackal

xk;d% Singer

prqj% Clever

ew[kZ% Fool

v/% Below

nwje~ Distance

nq%f[kr% Sad

cqHkqf{kr% Hungry


91/105

91

[kx% Bird

e/qj% Sweet

fe=ke~ Friend

viwi% Cake

ofpr% Deceived

tkye~ Net

dkfynkl%ekufp=ke~ Map

izfo'kfr Enters

iz.kefr Bows Down

egkiq#"k% Greatmani;k Kindly

Hkkjrh;% Indian

v/% Below

oRl! O Child!

dfLeu~ In which

lehphue~ good

;kusu with attention

izfl% famous


92/105

92

jpuk composition

laLfr Culture

of.kZr described

lkfgR;e~ Literature

jRue~ gem

i`fFkoh earth

lsod% servantf{kfr% earth

lqn% friends

lHkk] lfefr] laln~ assembly, court

Hkwifr%] u`ifr%] u`i% king

ozQhMkfnol%ozQhMkfnol% Sports Day

ijLije~ Each other

vfrizlUu% Very happy

v| Today

ozQhMkT;ksfr Olympic Torch

/kouizfr;ksfxrk Race

nh?kZmRiruizfr;ksfxrk Long jump


93/105

93

ikndUnqd&ozQhMk Foot ball

vfrfFk% Guest

izeksn% Happiness

forfj";fr Will distribute

ikfjrksf"kde~ Prize

inde~ Medal

nye~ Team[ksyfUr Play

fu.kkZ;d% Reference

foozQkUr% Winner

lhfVdkjoe~ Whistle

y{;LFkye~ Goalcadjksfr Ties

lw;Z%mn;rs Raises

izHkkrs in the morning

?kfVdk Clock

le;% Time

mfk"BfUr Wake up


94/105

94

nUr/koue~ Brushing the teeth

vksnue~ Food (rice)

dk;kZy; Office

"kd% Farmer

rw".khe~ Silently

lw;Z'kfDr% Solar energy

iwoZL;ke~ in the eastif'pek;ke~ in the west

fnf'k direction

'kksHkue~ Good

mifo'k sit (you)

mfk"B stand (you)fdj.k% rays

dhn`'k% What kind of / Like what

izdk'k;qDr% Having brightness

rstkse;% Full of powerful says

lagj.kh;% To be collected (storing)

ekU;oj Respectful sir

mQtkZ Energy

mi;qDr Useful


95/105

95

fofo/ different types

lkSj 'kkdikdLFkkyh Solar cooker

lkSjtynkgd% Solar water heaker

okguxfrfu;U=kde~ Solar Traffic Signal(Controller)

vfuok;Z% Unavoidable

fo|qR'kfDr% Electricityyo.ke~ Salt

mRifk% Production

foLrjs.k in detail

d"kZfr ploughs

xk;frsings

ipfr Cooks

iz{kky;fr Washes

lqHkk"krkfu&2vkyL;e~ Laziness

euq";% Man

'kjhje~ Body

egkfjiq% Fatal enemy


96/105

96

m|e% Effort

volhnfr Suffers

cU/q% Relative

vukgwr% Not invited

izfo'kfr Enters

vi`"Vks% Not asked

cgq Hkk"krs Speaks too muchvfo'oLrs not trustworthy

fo'oflfr Believes

ew


97/105

97

fo|k Knowledge

lq[ke~ Happiness

oqQr% (v) From Where

fo|kFkhZ Student

x.kukdkS'kye~

vusdkfu Many

x.kuk Counting

lqUnjkf.k Beautiful

dFke~ How

drZO;e~@drZO;k@drZO;% Should be done

iz'u% Questionetw"kk Tabular Column

v/quk Now

'kCnlwph Box with words

?kV% pot

dUnqd% Ball

dfr How many

i.kZe~ Leaf

vqyh Finger


98/105


99/105


100/105

laLdj.k

izfr;ka %

CBSE

ewY; %

izdk'kd %lfpo] dsUh; ek;fed f'k{kk cksMZ2] lkeqnkf;d dsU] f'k{kk dsU] fnYyh&110 092

v{kj&la;kstu %eYVh xzkfiQDl]5745@81] jSxjiqjk] djksy ckx] fnYyh&05

eqd %


101/105

Hkkjr dk lafo/kumsf'kdk

ge] Hkkjr ds yksx] Hkkjr dks ,d lEiw.kZ izHkqRo&laiUu lektoknh iaFkfujis{k yksdra=kkRed x.kjkT; cukusds fy,] rFkk mlds leLr ukxfjdksadks%

lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj jktuSfrd U;k;]fopkj] vfHkO;fDr] fo'okl] /eZ

vkSj mikluk dh Lora=krk]izfr"Bk vkSj volj dh lerk

izkIr djkus ds fy,]rFkk mu lc esa]

O;fDr dh xfjek vkSj2

jk"V dh ,drkvkSj v[k.Mrk lqfuf'pr djus okyh ca/qrk

cs vkSj mldk ijh{k.k djs_(N) izkfrd i;kZoj.k dh ftlds varxZr ou] >hy] unh] vkSj oU; tho gSa] j{kk djs vkSj mldk lao/

Zu djs rFkk izkf.kek=k ds izfr n;kHkko j[ks_(t) oSKkfud nf"Vdks.k] ekuookn vkSj KkuktZu rFkk lq/kj dh Hkkouk dk fodkl djs_(>) lkoZtfud laifk dks lqjf{kr j[ks vkSj fgalk ls nwj jgs_(k) O;fDrxr vkSj lkewfgd xfrfof/;ksa ds lHkh {ks=kksaesamRd"kZ dh vksj c


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THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA

PREAMBLE

WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a1SOVEREIGN S OCIALIST SECULAR D EMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to allits citizens :

JUSTICE, social, economic and political;

LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;

EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote amo ng them all

FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the 2 [unity and integrity ofthe Nation];

IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do

HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONS TITUTION.

1. Subs, by the Constitution (Forty-Second Amendment) Act. 197 6, sec. 2, for "SovereignDemocratic Republic (w.e.f. 3.1.1977)

2. Subs, by the Constitution (Forty-Second Amendment) Act. 197 6, sec. 2, for "unity of theNation (w.e.f. 3.1.1977)

THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA

Chapter IV A

Fundame ntal DutiesARTICLES 5 1 A

Fundamental Duties - It sha ll be the duty of every citizen of India-

(a) to abide the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag andthe National Anthem;

(b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom;

(c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India;

(d) to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so;

(e) To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people ofIndia transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renouncepractices derogatory to the dignity of women;

(f) to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture;

(g) to p rotect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, wild lifeand to have compassion for living creatures;

(h) to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform;

(i) to safeguard public property and to abjure violence;

(j) to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that thenation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement.


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iqjksokd~

Hkk"kkf'k{k.ks Jo.ka] Hkk"k.ka] iBuays[kup bfr prq.kkZe~ dkS'kykuke~ egoe~ vuqHkw;

fo|ky;s"kq laLd`rL; f'k{k.kkFkZe~ mi;qDrikBe&ikBiqLrd&vH;kliqLrd&

JO;n`';ksidj.kkukap fuekZ.ksdsfUnz;ek;fedkf'k{kklaxBuL; 'kS{kf.kdfoHkkx% fujUrjeso

iz;Ru'khy% fo|rsA ,rnqf'; ,o laLd`rf'k{k.ks laizs"k.kksikxeef/d`R; vusu lBusu

ek;fed& mPpek;fedd{kkH;% uohulaLd`rikBeL; rnuqdwy ikBiqLrdkuka

fodklk; ,dk uohuk izk;kstuk izpkfyrk vklhrA df.kdk* bfr bnalaLrL; ikB~;iqLrde~vL;ka k~[kyk;ke~"kM~&d{kk;k% lqdkseyefrckykukarsfodflre~A ckyk% ifjfprifjos'ks

fp=kS% 'kCnS% p Lo;e~ ,o ikBkuka Hkkoe~ vocksqaleFkkZ% Hkos;q% bR;so vfLr vL;

iqLrdL; izeq[kkss';e~A ,rnFk vko';de~ vfLr ;r~ d{kk;k% okrkoj.ke~ laLre;aHkosr~

;su ckyk% Lo;eso laLre~ oDrqaizsfjrk% Hkfo";fUr ,rkn`'kh vLekde~ bPNk vfLrA

vL;kaizk;kstuk;ka;S% ikBelfefrlnL;S% vuojra ifjJe% dr% rs uwualkkqoknkugZfUrA

dsUnzh;ek;fedf'k{kkcksMZbfr lBuL; 'kS{kf.kdfuns'kd% Jh th ckylqcz.;u~ vL;ka

izk;kstuk;ka le;s le;s cgqewY;a ;ksxnkue~ roku~A rs"kka lrriz;klsu ,"kk izk;kstukliQyhtkrkA lBuL; mif'k{kkf/dkjh Mk lk/uk ikjk'kj% vfi iqLrdL; fuekZ.ks

fof'k"Va;ksxnkua rorhA vU;Sjfi p vL; iqLrdL; leh{k.kk; la'kks/uk; eqnz.kk; p

lg;ksx% nk% rku~ lokZu~ izfr dsUnzh;ek;fedf'k{kklBue~ LorKrkaKki;frA

f'k{kk&txfr fdefi ekSfyda ys[kuadk;Za ok vfUrefefr dFkf;rqe~ u 'kD;rsA loZ=k

miLdkjL; vodk'k% fo|rsA vr% vL; iqLrdL; la'kks/uk; ijke'kkZ% visf{krk% LokxrkgkZ%

pA

Jh v'kksd xk~xqyh

v;{k%] dsUnzh;&ek;fed&f'k{kk&cksMZ%

fnYyh


104/105

rKrkKkiue~

dsUh; ek;fed f'k{kk cksMZ lfefr

Jh v'kksd xk~xqyh] v;{k] ds- ek- f'k- cksMZ] ubZfnYyh

Jh th- ckylqcz.;u~] funs'kd ('kS{kf.kd)] ds- ek- f'k- cksMZ] ubZfnYyh

laLr ijke'kZ lfefr&lnL;

izks- okpLifr

izks- dqVqEc 'kkL=khMkW- uksnukFk feJ

Jh pew".k 'kkL=kh

Jh pkn fdj.k lywtk

ikB~;iqLrd fuekZ.k lfefr

Jherh MkW- pUk je.kh

Jh ,u~- i kixs'ke~

Jh lq- ikFkZlkjfFkJh ih- th- lqcz.;u~

Jh MkW- ih- jjktu~

Jh ds- ,l~- f'kjh"k

lEiknu lfefr

Jh pkan fdj.k lywtk (la;kstd)

MkW- ujsU

Jherh 'kf'k izHkk xks;y

Jherh larks"k dksgyh

izk;kstukf/dkjh

MkW- lk/uk ikjk'kj] lg&f'k{kk vf/dkjh] ds- ek- f'k- cksMZ] ubZ fnYyh


105/105

fo"k;lwph

oUnuk i`- la-1- ee fo|ky;% 2

2- tUrq'kkyk 123- lqHkkf"krkfu&1 20

4- dks.kkoZQ% 29

5- cqfeku~ dkd% 33

6- dkfynkl% 40

7- ozQhMkfnol% 468- lw ;kZ; ue% 53

9- lqHkkf"krkfu&2 60

10- x.kudkS'kye~ 70

11- o;e~ LokLF;j{kdk% 78

cbse sanskrit 8th std

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