cbse class 10 social notes geography - · pdf filencert solutions cbse sample papers rd sharma...

CBSE Class 10 Social Notes Geography

NCERT Solutions CBSE Sample Papers RD Sharma Solutions
1 CBSE Class 10 Social Notes Geography
Table of Contents
1. Resources and development ......................................................................................................... 2
Technical terms ............................................................................................................................ 2
Important points .......................................................................................................................... 2
2. Forest and Wildlife Resources .......................................................................................................7
Technical Terms ............................................................................................................................7
Important Points ...........................................................................................................................7
3. Water Resources ..........................................................................................................................10
Technical Terms ..........................................................................................................................10
Important Points ......................................................................................................................... 11
4. AGRICULTURE ........................................................................................................................... 14
Technical Terms .......................................................................................................................... 14
5. Minerals and Energy Resources .................................................................................................. 18
Technical Terms .......................................................................................................................... 18
6. Manufacturing Industries .......................................................................................................... 23
Technical Terms ......................................................................................................................... 23
Important Points ........................................................................................................................ 24
7. Lifelines of National Economy ................................................................................................ 29
Technical Terms ......................................................................................................................... 29
Important Points ........................................................................................................................ 30
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1. Resources and development
Technical terms
Natural Resources: Natural endowments in the form of land, water, vegetation and mineral are
termed as natural resources.
Human made Resources: Resources created by humans such as engineering technology,
machines, buildings, monuments, paintings, social institutions etc. are called human-made or
human or cultural resources.
Resource Planning: Technique or skill of proper utilization of resources is termed as resource
planning.
Growing Season: The period of the year in which crops are sown, grown and harvested, is
known as growing season.
Gully Erosion: The spectacular type of soil erosion in which gullies, occur in the soil surface
rendering it useless for cultivation is known as gully erosion.
Net Sown Area: Net sown area is the total area sown with crops in a country. Area sown more
than once is counted once only.
Cultivated Land: The land which is continuously under cultivation is termed as cultivated land.
Cultivable Waste: Cultivable waste is the land which has remained waste for years together
because it has become infertile and eroded, but can be brought under plough again by using
modem techniques.
Shelter belts: Planting trees to create shelter breaks up the force of the wind. Rows of such trees
are called shelter belts.
Pastures: Pastures are the portions of the land covered with grass, shrubs on which animals are
grazed freely in the natural environment.
Important points
Resources are everything available in the environment such as mineral, labor, livestock etc. that
can be used to satisfy our needs.
Types of Resources
(i) On the basis of origin:

Biotic: Resources obtained from biosphere and are living.
For example: flora, fauna, fisheries, livestock and humans.
Abiotic: Non-living things in the environment.
For example: rocks and metals.
(ii) On the basis of exhaustibility:
Renewable Resources: Resources which have ability to renew themselves and can be
reproduced by physical, chemical or mechanical processes.
For example: Solar energy, wind energy, water, forests and wildlife.
Non-Renewable Resources: The resources which formed after a very long geological
time (millions of years) are known as non-renewable resources. In other words,
resources which cannot be remade in the present-age.
For example:
(iii) On the basis of ownership:
Individual Resources: The resources which are owned by people individually are
termed as individual resources.
For example: Houses, Plots, farm lands etc.
Community owned Resources: These resources are accessible to all members of the
community.
For example: Village ponds, picnic spots, grazing grounds etc.
National Resources: These resources are accessible to all citizens of nation.
For example: Roads, railways, canals etc.
International Resources: These resources can be used by all nations of the world.
For example: Exclusive Economic Zone beyond 200 km (oceanic resources).
(iv) On the basis of status of development:
Minerals
Metals
Recyclable
Fossil Fuels
Non-recyclable

Potential Resources: These resources are available in a region, but have not been
utilized till yet.
For example: The western pa-t of India (Rajasthan and Gujarat) has great
potential for the development of wind and solar energy.
Developed Resources: These resources are surveyed and their quality and quantity
have been determined for utilization.
Stock: The resources which have potential to satisfy human needs but people do not
have the appropriate technology to access these.
Reserves: The subset of stock which can be access with the help of existing
technology but their use has not been started. Probably they me for meeting future
requirements.
Resources are vital for human survival and maintaining the quality of life.
Excessive and indiscriminate use of resources has created major problems.
Therefore resource planning is essential for sustainable existence of all forms of life.
Sustainable existence is a component of sustainable development.
In June 1992, more than 100 heads of states met for the first International Earth Summit in
Rio de Janeiro.
In a country like India, it is very important to make and execute resource planning, where
there is a great diversity in the availability of resources.
The states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya, Pradesh are rich in minerals and coal
deposits.
Arunachal Pradesh has abundance of water resources but lacks in infrastructural
development.
The state of Rajasthan is very well endowed with solar and wind energy but lacks in water
resources.
The cold desert of Ladakh has very rich cultural heritage but deficient in water
infrastructure and some vital minerals. In other words, it is relatively isolated from the rest
of country.
Above diversity points out for balanced resource planning at the national, state, regional
and local levels.
Resource planning is a complex process which involves: identification and inventory of
resources across the regions of the country. It involves surveying, mapping and qualitative
and quantitative estimation and measurement of the resources.

cbse class 10 social notes geography - · pdf filencert solutions cbse sample papers rd sharma...

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