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Congress of Vienna (1815)

General restructuring/resettlement of

Europe after the Napoleonic Wars Austria/Prussia/Russia/Great Britain

Main goal is to create a balance of power to

preserve peace (Metternich) Real outcome is that rulers are returned to

1792 thronesboundaries are set arbitrarily

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Treaty of Belgium (1839)

Signed by

England/France/Prussia/Austria/Russia Purpose of the Treaty was to prevent an

attack on France using Belgium ( Flat plains

of Flanders) Antwerp is one of the most important inland

deep water ports

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Franco/Prussian War (1870)

Last major battle prior to 1914

Small maneuverable armies are used

Old world strategy/Tactics/Weaponry

Minimal casualties Alsace-Lorraine taken from France

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Economic Imperialism (1870-1914)

Germany goes from Agrarian to Industrial

nation Germany must seek Colonies to survive

(Mercantilism)

As Germany attempts to colonizeAsia/Africa/Near East there is conflict withJapan/Russia/Great Britain/Spain

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Nationalism/self determination

People of the same nationality should be

united in one state (Black Hand) ItaliansAustro-Hungarian Empire

FrenchAlsace-Loraine ( Think of it

often,speak of it never) Balkans (Serbs)Austro-Hungarian

Empire (Russians are pressuring A/H)

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Militarism

Conflict/competition creates fear and

apprehension This leads to an arms race and military

build up (War could be Won)

Germany and Great Britain conflict overGermany's Naval build up (Kiel canal)(Germany is landlocked)

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System of Entangling Alliances (Heap of

Swords)

Triple Alliance/Central Powers

Germany-Kaiser Wilhelm II (Hohenzollern)

Austria-Hungary-Emperor Franz Josef

(Hapsburg)

Italy-King Victor Immanuel

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Triple Entente/Allied Powers

England-King George V

France-Republic

Russia-Tsar Nicholas II (Romanov)

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Ethnic/Religious conflicts

Moroccan crisis (1905) (1911) Germanys attempt

to take Morocco from France (Angers France andEngland)

Balkans (1908) (1911-1913) Austria-Hungary and

the Turks carve up the Slavic peoples

(Czechs/Slovaks/Poles/Ukrainians/Rumanians/Slo

venes/Croats/Serbs)

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No effective International Law

Wilsons 14 points/League of Nations

United Nations

The Hague, Netherlands