causes of the first world war from 1870 to 1914, a number of developments gradually increased...
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Causes of the First World War
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From 1870 to 1914, a number of developments gradually increased tensions among the European powers that led to the outbreak of World War I
The
MILITARISM ALLIANCES IMPERIALISM NATIONALISM causes of World War I
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MILITARISMThe Industrial Revolution
led to large, advanced militaries in Europe
Europeans believed that to be great, nations had to have strong militaries
As a result, an arms race began among European nations, especially between Britain & Germany
Nations glorified military power &
kept an army prepared for war (called militarism)
Having a strong army increased
patriotism among citizens
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HMS DREADNOUGHT
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GERMANY’S U-BOAT
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ALLIANCES
Growing rivalries among nations led to the formation of
two military alliances
that threatened to draw European
nations into war
Germany, Italy, & Austria-Hungary made up the Triple Alliance
England, France, & Russia formed the Triple Entente
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IMPERIALISMEuropean nations competed fiercely
for colonies in Africa & Asia Competition for colonies often pushed Europeans
to the brink of war This competition increased European rivalry & mistrust
Germany & France almost went to war three times
over Morocco
Germany, England, Russia
argued over building a
railroad in India
England & France
argued over rights to the
Sudan
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Analyse the cartoon below using your sourcework steps:
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NATIONALISM
Austrian national poster, 1900
Rivalries due to militarism & imperialism
increased nationalism among European powers
British propaganda poster, 1897
European rivals tried to maintain a balance of
power while also trying to overpower each other
“European Balance of Power, 1914”
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NATIONALISMWhile nationalism unified
people in the powerful nations, it was dividing
people in weakening empires
No region was more tense in the years
before World War I than the Balkans
Serbia, Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, & Romania
broke from the Ottoman Empire to create new nations
Slavic people in Serbia wanted to unify all Slavs
but Austria-Hungary opposed giving up the
largely Slavic territories Bosnia & Herzegovina
The Balkans became a “powder keg” waiting for a spark to blow up
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The Outbreak of World War I Serbians vowed to
take Bosnia & Herzegovina from Austria-Hungary
On June 28, 1914, the Austro-Hungarian Archduke Franz Ferdinand & his wife were
assassinated by a Serbian terrorist
The assassin Gavrilo Princip
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The Outbreak of World War I On July 23, Austria-Hungary
issued an ultimatum to Serbia: turn over conspirators & allow
an investigation…OR…go to war When Serbia balked at some
of the terms, Austria-Hungary declared war on June 28, 1914
Russia had a large population of Slavs & was an ally of Serbia; Russia moved troops
to the Austrian border These events set off a chain reaction that started World War I
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During the war Germany & Austria-Hungary became the Central Powers; They were
joined by Bulgaria & the Ottoman Empire
The members of the Triple Entente became known as the Allied Powers
and eventually were joined by…
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…many nations throughout the world
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