causes of dystocia ppt.pptbb
TRANSCRIPT
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DYSTOCIA- means difficult birth
When the first or specially second stage of parturition is abnormally prolonged & it become difficult for dam to expel the fetus by its expulsive efforts alone
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Causes of dystocia
Immediate causes
Basic causes
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Maternal causes
Foetal causes
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Narrowing of birth canal
Expulsive insufficiency Abdominal level Uterine level
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Uterine level 1. uterine inertia (a) primary uterine
inertia (b) secondary uterine
2. rupture of uterus 3. torsion of uterus 4. infectious condition of uterus Abdominal level 1. age, pain, debility 2. herniation of uterus 3. perforation in trachea 4. rupture of diaphragm etc…
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Foetal oversize absolute oversize relative oversize
Faulty disposition of foetus
Foetal monster
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1) Hereditary causes
2) Nutritional & Managemental causes
3) Infectious causes
4) Traumatic causes
5) Miscellaneous causes
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Hereditary causesHidden or recessive gene may produce defect in the
dam or foetus.Hereditary defects in dam 1. inguinal hernia 2. uterus unicornis & uterus didelphis 3. persistence of mullerian duct 4. twinning etc.Hereditary defects in foetus 1. dropsy of foetal membrane 2. foetal anasarca & gigantism 3. muscular hypertrophy 4. achondroplastic & hydrocephalic calf
etc.
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Nutritional & Managemental causes Breeding of immature heifers Close confinement of pregnant animals Mating b/w small & large size breeds
Improper nutrition of growing heifers Deficiency of vitamin A, D or calcium
etc. Excessive feeding of the heifers during
last trimester of pregnancy
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Infectious causesInfectious causesInfection at time of mating or AI.All infectious diseases like Brucellosis Vibriosis Leptospirosis
etc.
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Traumatic causes
Ventral hernia
Rupture of prepubic tendon
Sudden slipping or falling
Fracture of pelvis
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Miscellaneous causes
Improper balance of harmones
Failure of uterine muscle to react to oxytocin
Minor abnormalities in posture Lateral deviation of head
Lateral deviation of neck Flexed knee etc.
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