Cause & Effect: Cause & Effect: British Rule in British Rule in

IndiaIndiaBritish RajBritish Raj

Show Introduction of World Show Introduction of World Revolutions DVD :53 – 5:15Revolutions DVD :53 – 5:15

Rise of the British East India Rise of the British East India CompanyCompany

CausesCauses land and tradeland and trade

mainly in cotton, silk, indigo dye, salt, tea, opiummainly in cotton, silk, indigo dye, salt, tea, opium lack of Indian unity/rival kingdoms/conflictlack of Indian unity/rival kingdoms/conflict long decline of Mughal Empirelong decline of Mughal Empire Seven Years War (1756 – 1763) – Seven Years War (1756 – 1763) – Crash Course Seven Years War 12:20 7:09 in 12:20 7:09 in

Battle of Plassey – (page 473 from packet) – Black Hole of Battle of Plassey – (page 473 from packet) – Black Hole of CalcuttaCalcutta

British/French RivalryBritish/French Rivalry Treaty of Paris 1763: Britain rights in IndiaTreaty of Paris 1763: Britain rights in India

Robert Clive: BEIC Robert Clive: BEIC

Robert CliveRobert CliveRobert Clive was a British soldier who

established the military and political supremacy of the East India Company in Southern India and Bengal. He is credited with securing India, and the wealth that followed, for the British crown.

Clive had led an army from Madras and in 1758 defeated Sirajudaula at the "Battle of

Plassey" and became the governor of Bengal under the banner of the East India Company. From there he was able to launch successful

military campaigns against the French and stop the expansion of the Dutch.

Rise of the British East India Rise of the British East India CompanyCompany EffectsEffects competition between British and French for competition between British and French for

control of India – defeat of French in Bengalcontrol of India – defeat of French in Bengal wealth from Indiawealth from India

Rights to build trading postsRights to build trading posts right to collect taxes from Mughal Empireright to collect taxes from Mughal Empire protect BEIC with laws and courtsprotect BEIC with laws and courts control more land – direct/indirect rule control more land – direct/indirect rule

large areas with its own private armieslarge areas with its own private armies assuming governing functionsassuming governing functions

Sepoy Rebellion (1857) Sepoy Rebellion (1857) CausesCauses Sepoy: Indian troop who served in British Sepoy: Indian troop who served in British

ArmyArmy 1st wide spread Indian rebellion1st wide spread Indian rebellion grievances against British rulegrievances against British rule interfered with social and religious customsinterfered with social and religious customs ExamplesExamples

High taxes on farmersHigh taxes on farmers Resentment of Christian missionariesResentment of Christian missionaries Caste forced to live and eat togetherCaste forced to live and eat together Muslim and Hindus togetherMuslim and Hindus together cartridge greasecartridge grease

Quote page 196Quote page 196

Mangal Pandey

Mangal Mangal PandeyPandey(19 July 1827 – 8 (19 July 1827 – 8 April 1857)April 1857)

Indian soldier who played Indian soldier who played a key part in events a key part in events immediately preceding immediately preceding the outbreak of the Sepoy the outbreak of the Sepoy

contemporary British contemporary British opinion considered him a opinion considered him a traitor and mutineertraitor and mutineer

Pandey is widely Pandey is widely regarded as a freedom regarded as a freedom fighter in modern India. fighter in modern India.

1984: Indian government 1984: Indian government issued a postage stamp issued a postage stamp to commemorate him. to commemorate him.

Bahadur Shah II

Reign

28 September 1837 – 14 September 1857 Last Emperor

Blowing from a gun is a method of execution in which the victim is tied to the mouth of a cannon and the cannon is fired. This method of execution was used, perhaps most well known, by British troops during the Indian Rebellion of 1857.

Bahadur Shah II

Reign

28 September 1837 – 14 September 1857 Last Emperor

The prisoner is generally tied to a gun with the upper part of the small of his back resting against the muzzle. When the gun is fired, his head is seen to go straight up into the air some 40 or fifty feet; the arms fly off right and left, high up in the air, and fall at, perhaps, a hundred yards distance; the legs drop to the ground beneath the muzzle of the gun; and the body is literally blown away altogether.

Sepoy Rebellion Sepoy Rebellion

EffectsEffects India becomes a British colony/direct India becomes a British colony/direct

rule (1858)rule (1858) Act for Better Government For IndiaAct for Better Government For India

increased distrust between Indians increased distrust between Indians and Britishand British

official start of British Raj (British rule official start of British Raj (British rule in India)in India) Raj means "reign/kingdom" in SanskritRaj means "reign/kingdom" in Sanskrit 1858 – 19471858 – 1947

Show Chapter 2 The Raj: Show Chapter 2 The Raj: World Revolutions DVDWorld Revolutions DVD

3:303:30

British Improved Indian British Improved Indian Infrastructure Infrastructure

CausesCauses the British wanted to increase trade the British wanted to increase trade

and control their colonyand control their colony Sepoy Rebellion Sepoy Rebellion

It is the consciousness of the inherent superiority of the European which has won for us India. However well-educated and clever a native may be, and however brave he may prove himself, I believe that no rank we can bestow on him would cause him to be considered an equal of the British officer.

- LORD KITCHENER, British Commander of the army in India

British Improved Indian British Improved Indian Infrastructure Infrastructure

EffectsEffects improved/built roads, railroads, improved/built roads, railroads,

modernized ports, telegraphs, schools, modernized ports, telegraphs, schools, health carehealth care

improved response to improved response to uprisings/disastersuprisings/disasters

increased tradeincreased trade better control of colony by Britishbetter control of colony by British India more connected India more connected

New Economic Patterns New Economic Patterns

CausesCauses British RajBritish Raj Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

Need for raw materials and foreign Need for raw materials and foreign marketsmarkets

Discouraged local Indian industries Discouraged local Indian industries and limited Indian imports to Britain and limited Indian imports to Britain

New Economic Patterns New Economic Patterns

Effects (Listing Question)Effects (Listing Question) Destroyed Indian traditional economyDestroyed Indian traditional economy

Locally made goods disappearedLocally made goods disappeared Indians bought expensive British made Indians bought expensive British made

products: importsproducts: imports Cash crop economyCash crop economy

To pay for British importsTo pay for British imports Less food cropsLess food crops

India dependent on Great BritainIndia dependent on Great Britain

Social Changes Social Changes

CausesCauses British Raj: imposed British way of lifeBritish Raj: imposed British way of life better health care/improved sanitary better health care/improved sanitary

conditionsconditions need for jobsneed for jobs schools/colleges for higher castesschools/colleges for higher castes ethnocentrism of British education ethnocentrism of British education Outlawed certain customsOutlawed certain customs

British Empire in ColorBritish Empire in Color

Video 8:34 - 10:00 – 18:47 – Just Video 8:34 - 10:00 – 18:47 – Just before Gandhibefore Gandhi

BiasBias Ring Hunting – 15:00Ring Hunting – 15:00

The University of Calcutta, established 1857, is one of the three oldest modern state universities in India.

Social Changes Social Changes Effects (Listing Question)Effects (Listing Question) population growthpopulation growth UrbanizationUrbanization Loss of traditional ways of lifeLoss of traditional ways of life British educated Indian middle classBritish educated Indian middle class

make like British (p.197)make like British (p.197) English a common languageEnglish a common language learned about liberty, freedom, learned about liberty, freedom,

democracydemocracy resentment to British rule = rise of resentment to British rule = rise of

Indian nationalismIndian nationalism

Formation of the INC Formation of the INC (1885) (1885)

CausesCauses Indian Educated elite = learning Indian Educated elite = learning

about liberty, freedom, democracyabout liberty, freedom, democracy wanted to return to Hindu traditions wanted to return to Hindu traditions

= Hindu nationalism= Hindu nationalism wanted political reform wanted political reform

Gopal Krishna Gokhale, a constitutional social reformer and moderate nationalist, was elected president of the Indian National Congress in 1905.

Formation of the INC Formation of the INC (1885) (1885)

EffectsEffects gradual political change/more gov’t gradual political change/more gov’t

jobs to Indiansjobs to Indians 1920: Gandhi: wanted home rule1920: Gandhi: wanted home rule

Formation of the Muslim Formation of the Muslim League (1906) League (1906)

CausesCauses Hindu Nationalism/Formation of INCHindu Nationalism/Formation of INC respect for Muslim Culture/past respect for Muslim Culture/past

conflictsconflicts protection of Muslim rightsprotection of Muslim rights Muhammad Ali JinnahMuhammad Ali Jinnah

All India Muhammadan Educational Conference at Dhaka, which laid the foundation of Muslim League in 1906.

Formation of the Muslim Formation of the Muslim League (1906) League (1906)

EffectsEffects Increased tension between Hindus Increased tension between Hindus

and Muslimsand Muslims Push to divide India into 2 nations Push to divide India into 2 nations

based on religionbased on religion

ClosureClosure With a partner or independently With a partner or independently

evaluate whether the economic and evaluate whether the economic and social changes were positive (+) or social changes were positive (+) or negative (-) on India.negative (-) on India.

1.1. Place a “+” for positive or a “-” next to Place a “+” for positive or a “-” next to each effect under “New Economic each effect under “New Economic Patterns” and “Social Changes”Patterns” and “Social Changes”

2.2. On the back of the Chart:On the back of the Chart:Were the effects of the British Raj on India Were the effects of the British Raj on India mostly positive or negative? Support your mostly positive or negative? Support your answer with several pieces of evidence.answer with several pieces of evidence.