cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

44

Executive Summary The American Constitution divides govern- mental power between the federal government and several state governments. In the event of a conflict between federal law and state law, the Supremacy Clause of the Constitution (Article VI, C lause 2) makes it c lear that state policie s are subordinate to federal policies. There are, however, important limitations to the doctrine of federal supremacy. First, there must be a valid constitutional ba- sis for the federal policy in questi on. The powers of the federal government are limited and enu- merated, and the president and Congress must always respect the boundary lines that the Con- stitution created. Second, even in the areas where federal aut hor- ities may enact law, they may not use the states as instruments of federal governance. This anti- commandeering limitation upon federal power is often overlooked, but the Supreme Court will enforce that principle in appropriate cases. Using medical marijuana as a case study, I examine how the anti-commandeering principle protects the states’ prerogative to legalize activ- ity that Congress bans. The federal government has banned marijuana outright, and for years federal officials have lobbied against local efforts to legalize medical use of the drug. However, an ever-growing number of states have adopted legalization measures. I explain why these state laws, and most related regulations, have not been—and cannot be—preempted by Congress. I also develop a new framework for analyzing the boundary between the proper exercise of federal supremacy and prohibited commandeering. Although I focus on medical marijua na, the legal analysis applies to any issue pitting permissive state laws against restrictive federal regulations. Recent referenda in Colorado and Washington that legalize the recreational use of marijuana for adults will likely prompt federal officials to respond by touting the supremacy of the federal ban and challenging the consti- tutionality of state efforts at legalization. Such state reforms should carry the day in the event of such a legal challenge. On the Limits of Federal Supremacy When States Relax (or Abandon) Marijuana Bans by Robert A. Mikos No. 714 December 12, 2012 Robert A. Mikos is professor of law and director of the Program in Law and Government at Vanderbilt University Law School. This article is a revised and updated version of an earlier article published in the Vanderbi lt Law Review .

Upload: chad-whitehead

Post on 04-Apr-2018

219 views

Category:

Documents

0 download

Report

Download

Embed Size (px):

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 1/44

Page 2: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 2/44

Page 3: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 3/44

Page 4: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 4/44

Page 5: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 5/44

Page 6: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 6/44

Page 7: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 7/44

Page 8: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 8/44

Page 9: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 9/44

Page 10: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 10/44

Page 11: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 11/44

Page 12: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 12/44

Page 13: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 13/44

Page 14: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 14/44

Page 15: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 15/44

Page 16: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 16/44

Page 17: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 17/44

Page 18: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 18/44

Page 19: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 19/44

Page 20: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 20/44

Page 21: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 21/44

Page 22: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 22/44

Page 23: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 23/44

Page 24: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 24/44

Page 25: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 25/44

Page 26: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 26/44

Page 27: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 27/44

Page 28: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 28/44

Page 29: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 29/44

Page 30: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 30/44

Page 31: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 31/44

Page 32: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 32/44

Page 33: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 33/44

Page 34: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 34/44

Page 35: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 35/44

Page 36: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 36/44

Page 37: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 37/44

Page 38: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 38/44

Page 39: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 39/44

Page 40: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 40/44

Page 41: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 41/44

Page 42: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 42/44

Page 43: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 43/44

Page 44: Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

7/29/2019 Cato policy analysis on state/federal marijuana laws

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cato-policy-analysis-on-statefederal-marijuana-laws 44/44

Medical Marijuana Laws and Illegal Marijuana Use · 2017-08-14 · Medical Marijuana Laws and Illegal Marijuana Use . Yu-Wei Chu * Michigan State University 110 Marshall Adams Hall

THE EFFECT OF MEDICAL MARIJUANA LAWS ON JUVENILE MARIJUANA … · Accepted Manuscript Title: THE EFFECT OF MEDICAL MARIJUANA LAWS ON JUVENILE MARIJUANA USE Author: Lisa Stolzenberg

Legalizing Marijuana Alexis Timpson. Current Marijuana Conditions Current Laws Support for Legislation Politics Medical Uses

Summary of Medical Marijuana Laws

Medical Marijuana in and around the Classroomazsba.org/.../Friday-BR3-Medical-Marijuana-Presentation.pdf · Medical Marijuana in the U.S. ! Medical Marijuana laws enacted in 23 states

Working to Reform Marijuana Laws - Domnita Mariadomnitamaria.ro/upload/docs_listing/Emerging Clinical Applications f… · Working to Reform Marijuana Laws The National Organization

Arizona Medical Marijuana Program - azdhs.gov · Health and Wellness for all Arizonans azdhs.gov Arizona Medical Marijuana v. Other Medical Marijuana Laws - Differences • Premise

National Survey on Marijuana Laws and Regulations€¦ · Joshua Horn Partner Fox Rothschild LLP 215.299.2184 [email protected] National Survey on Marijuana Laws and Regulations

Colorado Medical Marijuana Rules, Laws and Regulations

STATE-BY-STATE MEDICAL MARIJUANA LAWS

National Survey on Marijuana Laws and Regulations...Laws and Regulations Arkansas Harvest Adopted Emergency Rule, Medical Marijuana Industry, 006.28.18 Attorney General Opinion, Danner,

Marijuana Facts - Drug Policy Alliance...support marijuana laws that regulate marijuana effectively and that no longer arrest, incarcerate, disenfranchise and otherwise harm millions

medical marijuana laws on student time use · medical marijuana laws on ... Twenty-three states and the ... or about 0.8% of the total population of medical marijuana states. Medical

CURRICULUM VITAE OF JEFFREY A - Harvard University · 3 Editorial Board, Cato Journal, February, 2009 – present. Senior Fellow, Cato Institute, May, 2009 – present. Member, Marijuana

Cato Working Paper: Marijuana Policy in Colorado

Medical Marijuana Laws and Illegal Marijuana Useecon.msu.edu/seminars/docs/draft100112.pdf · Medical Marijuana Laws and Illegal Marijuana ... medical marijuana laws are associated

D. Mark Anderson - Medical Marijuana Laws, Traffic Fatalities ...dmarkanderson.com/Medical_Marijuana_Accidents_and...Medical Marijuana Laws, Traffic Fatalities, and Alcohol Consumption

Straight Talk On Medical Marijuana Laws. Controlled Substance Laws State Prohibition 99% of marijuana arrests are under state laws Federal Prohibition

2014 Marijuana State Laws and Limits Infographic (PDF)

State Medical Marijuana Laws: Understanding the Laws and their

Working to Reform Marijuana Laws - WordPress.com · 2017-08-27 · Working to Reform Marijuana Laws The National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws () - 2 - 1/13/2014 Introduction

CLEARING THE HAZE: HOW STATE MARIJUANA LAWS IMPACT LEAVE AND DISABILITY · 2020-01-16 · How State Marijuana Laws Impact Leave and Disability . 6 . MEDICAL MARIJUANA USE AS TREATMENT

Adherence to Federal Laws Prohibiting Marijuana Use … · 2020-02-07 · ES 2014-00674 Distribution Adherence to Federal Laws Prohibiting Marijuana Use A. Executive Order 13467,

ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF MEDICAL MARIJUANA LAWS · 2013-08-07 · Assessing the Effects of Medical Marijuana Laws on Marijuana and Alcohol Use: The Devil is in the Details Rosalie

State marijuana laws and opioid overdose mortality · 2019-09-06 · REVIEW Open Access State marijuana laws and opioid overdose mortality Stanford Chihuri1,2 and Guohua Li1,2,3*

Implications of Marijuana Laws in the Workplace … · IMPLICATIONS OF MARIJUANA LAWS IN THE WORKPLACE ... marijuana purposes, federal law does not authorize marijuana use for medical

Medical Marijuana Laws and Suicide

Straight Talk On Medical Marijuana Laws

Working to Reform Marijuana Laws - NORMLnorml.org/pdf_files/NORML_Medical_Necessity_Defense.pdfWorking to Reform Marijuana Laws The National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana

The Effects of Medical Marijuana Laws on Illegal …chuyuwei/mjdraft.pdf1 The Effects of Medical Marijuana Laws on Illegal Marijuana Use Yu-Wei Luke Chu* Department of Economics Michigan

Colorado Recreational Marijuana Rules, Laws, and Regulations

Marijuana Laws - Alaska SHRM State Council · Marijuana Laws Printed on Mar 14th, 2018 2:03:15 PM 2 Texas Utah Virginia Wisconsin Recreational Marijuana Laws Alaska California Colorado

Nebraska's Marijuana Laws: What You Need To Know

Marijuana Policy in Colorado - Cato Institute · Marijuana Policy in Colorado . Jeffrey Miron Director of Economic Studies . Cato Institute . October 23, 2014 . The Cato Working Papers