CATO 3

&Utilization of CO2

Can the Utilization of CO2

enhance the development

of CCS?

Status of CCS in the world

CATO 3 work program

WP1: Capture

WP2: CO2 Utilization

WP3: Storage, monitoring and verification

WP4: Chain integration & Transport

WP5; Policy, Law and Regulation

WP5: Communication and Public Perception

WP Capture: CATO Pilot plant for PC-capture

Flue gas details

1250 m3/hr flue gas, 250 kg/hr CO2 captured

Flue gas gas from pulverized coal power plant90% of CO2 captured from flue

gas side-stream

CATO Pilot

E.ON Rotterdam Maasvlakte

6

Storage in P18/P15 for Rotterdam demos and Shell’s Willingen – Reinland refinery in Germany. Storage in Q1 (from Jan-20) via shipping for the North Netherlands demos and new direct offshore pipelines from Eemshaven (Essent, Nuon) and

Maasvlakte (E.ON, Electrabel) full scale operations.

WP Transport: Roadmap for the Netherlands -Schematic Overview

RTM Hub/ Gathering Network

CINTRA Terminal

P18 (40.5MtCO2)

P15 (38.8MtCO2)

0.5MtCO2 RC Jan-20 to Dec-221.5MtCO2/yr RCJan-23 to Dec-43

4.5MtCO2/yr RC Jan-25 to Dec-

43

Maasvlakte

Eemshaven (NNL)

Q1 (200MtCO2)

New offshore pipeline from Maasvlakte to Q1 (~110km,

10MtCO2/yr capacity)

P18 to P15 (~22km,

5MtCO2/yr)

4.5MtCO2/yr RCJan-30 to Dec-43

ROAD1.5MtCO2/yr RCJan-15 to Dec-29

Offshore pipeline from ROAD to P18 (~21km, 5MtCO2/yr)

ROAD/EON tie in to CN

(1km)

Electrabel tie in to CN (1km)

(~33km)

Maasvlakte

0.5MtCO2/yr RCJan-20 to Dec-24

3MtCO2/yr RCJan-25 to Dec-43

0.4MtCO2/yr RCJan-17 to Dec-26

GREEN HYDROGEN0.5MtCO2/yr RC

Jan-17 to Dec-26 0.5MtCO2/yr RC

Jan-20 to Dec-29

W-RR Imports0.4MtC02/yr RCJan-20 to Dec-29

Shipping (~212km)

Gathering Network

Eemshaven to Q1 (~219km) - shipping in demo phase and pipeline (5MtCO2/yr capacity) in FS

Ship Terminal

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1st test: K12-B8 - Injector

GDF-SuezK-12B

2nd test: K12-B5 - Producer

2nd test: K12-B1 - Producer

2nd test: K12-B6 - Injector

Courtesy GDF-Suez

Offshore Enhanced Gas Recovery, CO2 gas treatment led by TNO

EERP Demo (Maasvlakte)ROAD CCS DEMO (250 MW PC); FEED study P18 storage location executed by CATO

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CATO 3 work program

WP1: Capture

WP2: CO2 Utilization

WP3: Storage, monitoring and verification

WP4: Chain integration & Transport

WP5; Policy, Law and Regulation

WP5: Communication and Public Perception

The Global CO2 Market

►Current global CO2 demand is estimated to be 80 Mtpa - 50Mtpa is used for EOR in North America.

►CO2 demand is expected to rise to 140 Mtpa by 2020.

►CO2 supply from large point sources is currently18,000 Mtpa which includes:

► 500 Mtpa from high concentration sources like Amonia & hydrogen production, gas processing (low cost sources)

► An extra 2,000 Mtpa is available from low to medium cost sources

There is a very large global surplus of CO2. CO2 available from lower cost sources is likely to supply the majority of near-term reuse demand

growth.

Current Demand and Supply for Bulk CO2

Demand for bulk CO2 (0.8%)

Remaining supply of CO2 (99,2%)

Existing Bulk CO2 market: 80 Mton

Existing Industrial Uses of CO2

Existing Industrial Uses of CO2

Emerging Industrial Uses of CO2

Industrial Uses of CO2 by potential future demand

EXISTING USESCurrent non-captive CO2

demand (Mtpa)Future potential non-captive CO2

demand (Mtpa)

Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) 50< Demand < 300 30< Demand < 300

Fertilizer – Urea (Captive Use) 5 < Demand < 30 5 < Demand < 30

NEW USESFuture potential non-captive CO2

demand (Mtpa)

Enhanced Coal Bed Methane Recovery (ECBM) Demand >300

Enhanced geothermal systems – CO2 as a working fluid 5< Demand <30

Polymer processing 5< Demand <30

Algal Bio-fixation >300

Mineralisation

Calcium carbonate & magnesium carbonate & Sodium Bicarbonate

>300

CO2 Concrete Curing 30< Demand <300

Bauxite Residue Treatment ('Red Mud’) 5 < Demand < 30

Liquid Fuels

Renewable Methanol >300

Formic Acid >300

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Techniek Product Potentie

Directe inzet CO2 in delfstoffenwinning (EOR, EGR en ECBM)

Fossiele brandstoffen (methaan/ kolen) 30 – 60 Megaton (= totaal potentieel CO2 voor EOR / EGR in Nederland)

35 Mton per jaar in de gehele Noordzee

Gebruik CO2 in Kassen Gewassen 1,0 Megaton

Directe inzet CO2 in frisdrank/ food en super kritische oplosmiddel

n.v.t. 0,1 Megaton

CO2 als grondstof voor algen biobrandstoffen in combinatie met chemicaliën en food/ feed

1 - 3 Megaton

Omzetten CO2 tot brandstof Methanol, Syngas, Biodiesel e.d. 2 Megaton

CO2 als grondstof voor (organische) chemicaliën Verbeteren Ureum opbrengst  1 Megaton

Overige chemicaliën (met name carboxylaat route)

CO2 als grondstof voor polymeren polycarbonaten en polyolen (carbonaat route)

CO2 als grondstof voor anorganische materialen bouwmaterialen (cement, toeslagmateriaal)

1,5 Megaton

  Totaal ~ 7 Mton per jaar

Key Findings1. The current and potential demand for CO2 reuse is limited compared to

industrial emissions

2. Reuse has the potential to provide a moderate revenue stream for

near-term CCS demonstration projects. (Timing issue!).

3. EOR will remain the dominant form of CO2 reuse in the short to

medium term due to its maturity and large-scale use of CO2. EOR has

a role to play in supporting the large-scale demonstration of CCS.

4. Most emerging reuse technologies have years of development ahead

before they reach the technical maturity required for deployment at

commercial scale.

Key findings

5. CO2 reuse can tial role to play in supporting the demonstration

phase of CCS development in the absence of strong carbon

prices. However that initial role becomes less important as and

when the cost of emitting carbon rises.

6.Bulk CO2 market prices are likely to fall in the long-term as and when

restrictions on CO2 emissions are introduced

CO2 reuse can play an important role in supporting the demonstration phase of CCS. However, this role becomes less important in the long-term and as the cost of emitting carbon

rises.