Catalyst # 4 Pg.15

Write answers in complete sentences

1. Define antigen in your own words.

2. How do antibodies and antigens relate to one another?

Semester 2 Table of Contents

4. Lesson 59- Types of Immune Defenses Pg. 11-14

5. Lesson 60- Types of Immune Responses Pg. 15-18

Assigned Vocabulary- Due: 1/30-1/3111. B Cells12. T Cells13. Active Immunity14. Primary Response15. Secondary Response

Vocabulary Due

3. Macrophage4. Lymphocyte5. Neutrophil6. Leukocyte7. Antibody8. Antigen9. Specific Defense10. Non Specific Defense

Announcements• Vocabulary Due- Th/Fri– Definition and Picture for full credit

• Homework Questions Due- Th/Fri– In complete sentences

• Immune System Quiz #2: Th/Fri

Pre- Reading NotesPg. 16-17

• BEHAVIORAL EXPECTATIONS:– Noise Level 0- Silent– Independent– Head Up/Facing Forward

• DIRECTIONS:– Read each ppt slide– DO NOT write your notes down yet– Try to learn the information on your own first– After reading ALL slides, try to answer the homework questions

• on either a separate sheet of paper attached to pg. 21• Or on the margins/sides of pg. 20-21

Think Pair Share• Turn to your elbow partner and share how this

information connects to previous content.– We learned about ____ in the past. This

information connects to that because _____.

• Tell your partner the most important piece of information you learned from the notes. – From this information I learned __________

Get Ready For Notes- Pg. 16-17Title: Types of Immune System Responses

• Behavioral Expectations:– Noise Level 0: Silent– Head Up– Facing Forward

Background Info

• T- Cells- type of immune system cell that destroys cells with a foreign antigen.

• B- Cells- type of immune system cell that creates antibodies.

B- Cells and T- Cells

• Specific defenses are run by lymphocytes (B cells and T cells).

• These cells use antigens (organic compounds found on the surface of cells like proteins, sugars or lipids) to identify all objects in the body as either self (good) or foreign (bad).

• Each lymphocyte is designed to recognize and react to a specific antigen.

T Cells• T cells are created in the bone marrow but

differentiate (find out their job) in the thymus.

• They are activated when a cell that has an antigen, matches the particle the T cell supposed to recognize using its T- cell receptors.

• Helper T cells will release cytokines (signalers/messengers) which help to active B cells.

• Cytotoxic T cells will act directly by interacting with and destroying any foreign particles with an antigen.

B- Cells

• B cells are created in the bone marrow and also differentiate (find out its job) there

T-Cell Activation

1. Foreign particle is phagocytized (eaten) by a macrophage (non-specific defense).2. The Macrophage displays the antigens from foreign particle on its surface (antigen presenting cell)3. A T cell becomes activated by the antigen presenting cell and makes helper T cells.

Steps to Activating B Cells (which create

antibodies!)4. The Helper T cell releases cytokines5. The B cells that have encountered the antigen and digested it is stimulated to grow and divide by the combination of the cytokines and the antigen they have encountered

Steps to Activating B Cells (which create

antibodies!)6. B cells differentiate into plasma cells and memory cells (helps you remember how to fight the disease in the future)7. Plasma cells create antibodies that are specific for that antigen

Summarize What’s Happening:In your own words

Active Immunity: How your body remembers to protect you

• T cells and B cells both create memory cells when they are activated.

• These memory cells stay in the body for years and serve as instructions of how to fight off that antigen in the future.

Primary Response

• The first time we get infected, we have a primary response.

• This response is slow and takes many days to form because your body is trying to figure out how to fight the foreign agent and creating the T cells and B cells for the first time.

Secondary Response

• However, because some of those T cells and B cells stay around as memory cells, any subsequent time we get infected with the same foreign agent, we will have a secondary response which is much faster because our memory cells will activate and start creating T cells and B cells to fight the foreign agent right away.

Immunity

• This usually leads to us not getting sick from the same foreign agent more than once which is called immunity.

Homework Questions Due: Th/Fri

1. What is the difference between a B Cell and a T Cell?

2. Summarize the 7 steps of B and T cell activation in your own words.

3. Explain the significance of active immunity in the human body. Make sure to explain the differences between a primary and secondary response.

PowerPoint Brochure- 1 Brochure/ 2 people

• Question: How does the human body protect itself from foreign pathogens?• 1st Slide: Cover Page- Create a cover for your brochure that is interesting to look

at and represents the function and purpose of the immune system. • 2nd Slide: Inside Page 1- Explains the different parts of the immune system and

its importance. Includes 2 pictures– The cells– The role of antibodies– B and T cells– Lymph vessels

• 3rd Slide: Inside Page 2- Explains the physiological process of B and T Cell activation= 7 steps IN YOUR OWN WORDS. Includes 3 pictures

• 4th slide: Back Page- Explains the process of active immunity (primary and secondary responses) and why it is important for the body to have developed immunity. Includes 2 pictures.

• Needs to be emailed at hsaanatomy10@gmail.com to me by the end of class. 3 minute grace period ONLY

Rubric

• 4- 100% accurately completed, correct information on ALL 4 slides. Slides arranged in the correct order. All required information is present

• 3- 100% assignment completed accurately, some information errors. All slides arranged in correct order.

• 2- Majority of the assignment complete. Shows effort to correctly display information.

• 1- Majority of assignment incomplete. Shows lack of effort. Majority of information is incorrect.

Example Brochure Assignment

• Look at the next 4 slides as an example

Welcome to the Immune System Kingdom

“A place you will always be safe”

Introducing the Members of Court

• The 2 most common cells of the immune system include the lymphocytes and neutrophils. Lymphocytes create antibodies and neutrophils phagocytizes small particles.

• Antibodies are another important part of the immune system with the function of recognizing and binding to antigens.

• B and T cells are examples of types of lymphocytes. Their role in the immune system is to activate the process of destroying the pathogens.

• All of the cells of the immune system travel throughout the body through the vessels and capillaries of the lymphatic system.

How the Castle Attacks• When a pathogen enters the body the following occurs:– Pathogen is eaten by a macrophage– That macrophage then presents the antigens of that

pathogen– The antigen presenting cell activates T cells– T cells release cytokines (signals to the b cells)– B cells then activate and turn into plasma cells– Plasma cells create antibodies to create immunity

The Castle’s Lines of Defense• The castle (immune system) will

remember who you are if you ever invade a second time.

• Primary response- this is when the immune system is first trying to figure out how to defeat a particular pathogen by creating B and T cells.

• Secondary response- this is when the body has developed immunity and has memory cells which will quickly activate the B and T cells.