catalogue of herschel-pacs spectroscopic observations of ... · jet-disc contribution extended [oi]...
TRANSCRIPT
-
P. Riviere-Marichalar
Catalogue of Herschel-PACS spectroscopicobservations of Young Stellar Objects: the
jet-disc contribution
Catalogue of Herschel-PACS spectroscopic
observations of Young Stellar Objects: the jet-disc
contribution
P. Riviere-Marichalar
ALMA/Herschel Archival Workshop, Garching, April 2015
1 / 15
-
P. Riviere-Marichalar
Catalogue of Herschel-PACS spectroscopicobservations of Young Stellar Objects: the
jet-disc contribution
Protoplanetary discs
• Discs of gas and dust surrounding young stars. Birthplace for
planets• Dust: IR-excess.
◮ SED modelling◮ Scattered light◮ Resolved thermal emission
• Gas: spectroscopy at many wavelengths
1.0 10.0 100.0 1000.
10−16
10−14
10−12
10.0 20.5.
10−13
2
λ (µm)
λ.F
λ (W
.m−2
)
SED: dustPinte+ (2008)
Scattered lightimaging: dustPinte+ (2008)
Continuum thermalemission: dust
Williams and Cieza (2009)
Introduction 2 / 15
-
P. Riviere-Marichalar
Catalogue of Herschel-PACS spectroscopicobservations of Young Stellar Objects: the
jet-disc contribution
Protoplanetary discs
• Discs of gas and dust surrounding young stars. Birthplace for
planets• Dust: IR-excess.
◮ SED modelling◮ Scattered light◮ Resolved thermal emission
• Gas: spectroscopy at many wavelengths
Sub-mm spectroscopy: gasWilliams and Cieza (2009)
Near-IR spectroscopy: gasSalyk+ (2008)
Introduction 2 / 15
-
P. Riviere-Marichalar
Catalogue of Herschel-PACS spectroscopicobservations of Young Stellar Objects: the
jet-disc contribution
PACS spectroscopy
• Far-IR spectroscopy in the 50-200 µm• Two modes: line- and range-scan• Emission from species such as: O, H2O, CH
+, OH, [CII]• PACS IFU: spatial information• Many PACS programs to observe gas in protoplanetary discs:
GASPS, DIGIT, WISH, ...• More than 300 YSOs observed with PACS spectroscopy
Introduction 3 / 15
-
P. Riviere-Marichalar
Catalogue of Herschel-PACS spectroscopicobservations of Young Stellar Objects: the
jet-disc contribution
Observations of [OI]
• The most frequent far-IR line emission from discs
• Brightest far-IR line in discs (Gorti & Hollenbach 2008)
Observations of YSOs at 63 µm 4 / 15
-
P. Riviere-Marichalar
Catalogue of Herschel-PACS spectroscopicobservations of Young Stellar Objects: the
jet-disc contribution
...and water!
• 24% of gas-rich discs show water emission (Riviere-Marichalar+
2012)
63.0 63.1 63.2 63.3 63.4λ (µm)
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Flux (Jy)
63.0 63.1 63.2 63.3 63.4λ (µm)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Flux (Jy)
63.0 63.1 63.2 63.3 63.4λ (µm)
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
Flux (Jy)
63.0 63.1 63.2 63.3 63.4λ (µm)
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
Flux (Jy)
Observations of YSOs at 63 µm 5 / 15
-
P. Riviere-Marichalar
Catalogue of Herschel-PACS spectroscopicobservations of Young Stellar Objects: the
jet-disc contribution
[OI] emission: the disc-jet contribution
Howard+ 2013, Riviere-Marichalar+ 2015
• YSOs with outflows (or jets) show higher [OI] for the same flux at 70 µm• The difference is more pronounced for bright continuum sources• Both the jet and the disc contribute to [OI] emission• The line flux is upper limit to disc emission
Observations of YSOs at 63 µm 6 / 15
-
P. Riviere-Marichalar
Catalogue of Herschel-PACS spectroscopicobservations of Young Stellar Objects: the
jet-disc contribution
Extended [OI] emission
T Tau
62.963.063.163.263.363.463.5−1
012345678
Flux (
Jy)
00
62.963.063.163.263.363.463.505
10152025303540
01
62.963.063.163.263.363.463.50
5
10
15
2002
62.963.063.163.263.363.463.5
0
2
4
6
8
03
62.963.063.163.263.363.463.5−1.0−0.5
0.00.51.01.52.02.53.0
04
62.963.063.163.263.363.463.502468
10121416
Flux (
Jy)
10
62.963.063.163.263.363.463.50
50
100
150
20011
62.963.063.163.263.363.463.50
20
40
60
80
100
120
14012
62.963.063.163.263.363.463.502468
1012141618
13
62.963.063.163.263.363.463.5−1.0−0.5
0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.5
14
62.963.063.163.263.363.463.50
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Flux (
Jy)
20
62.963.063.163.263.363.463.50
20
40
60
80
100
120
14021
62.963.063.163.263.363.463.550
100150200250300350400450
22
62.963.063.163.263.363.463.5−5
0
5
10
15
2023
62.963.063.163.263.363.463.5−1
0
1
2
3
4
524
62.963.063.163.263.363.463.5−1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Flux (
Jy)
30
62.963.063.163.263.363.463.5−2
02468
10121416
31
62.963.063.163.263.363.463.50
20
40
60
80
10032
62.963.063.163.263.363.463.5−2
02468
101214
33
62.963.063.163.263.363.463.5−4
−2
0
2
4
6
8
1034
62.963.063.163.263.363.463.5
λ(µm)
−2
−1
0
1
2
3
Flux (
Jy)
40
62.963.063.163.263.363.463.5
λ(µm)
−1
0
1
2
3
4
541
62.963.063.163.263.363.463.5
λ(µm)
−5
0
5
10
15
20
2542
62.963.063.163.263.363.463.5
λ(µm)
−2
0
2
4
6
8
1043
62.963.063.163.263.363.463.5
λ(µm)
−2−1
0123456
44
• Extended emission along the
jet direction
• Podio+ (2012): test extended
emission. Compare
continuum-to-line ratio in the
24 spaxels with that of the
central one
• Podio+ (2012): "The extended
atomic emission may be
produced by fast J-shocks"
Observations of YSOs at 63 µm 7 / 15
-
P. Riviere-Marichalar
Catalogue of Herschel-PACS spectroscopicobservations of Young Stellar Objects: the
jet-disc contribution
Extended [OI] emission
DG TauA
-20 -10 0 10 20 30RA offset (arcsec)
-20
-10
0
10
20
Dec
off
set (
arcs
ec)
DG Tau A: [SII] 6731 A + [OI] 63.2µm
05
10152025
Flux
(Jy
)
(0,0) -0.04 Jy
2.0e-17 W/m2
8.05
(0,1) 0.18 Jy
2.5e-17 W/m2
11.26
(0,2) 0.16 Jy
(0,3) 0.05 Jy
(0,4) -0.57 Jy
05
10152025
Flux
(Jy
)
2.0e-17 W/m2 8.33
(1,0) 0.17 Jy
4.3e-16 W/m2
5.68
(1,1) 5.48 Jy
1.2e-16 W/m2
8.49
(1,2) 1.05 Jy
1.5e-17 W/m2
> 100
(1,3) 0.01 Jy
(1,4) -0.11 Jy
2.3e-17 W/m2
9.28
(2,0) 0.18 Jy
4.2e-16 W/m2
7.86
(2,1) 3.82 Jy
4.4e-16 W/m2
8.26
(2,2) 3.88 Jy
2.5e-17 W/m2
> 100
(2,3) 0.01 Jy
(2,4) -0.04 Jy
1.4e-17 W/m2
10.86
(3,0) 0.09 Jy
3.1e-17 W/m2
21.89
(3,1) 0.10 Jy
1.0e-16 W/m2
13.91
(3,2) 0.54 Jy
1.4e-17 W/m2
5.53
(3,3) -0.18 Jy
(3,4) -0.18 Jy
(4,0) 0.09 Jy
1.2e-17 W/m2
20.41
(4,1) 0.04 Jy
63.12 63.18 63.24λ (µm)
2.0e-17 W/m2
8.20
(4,2) 0.18 Jy
63.12 63.18 63.24λ (µm)
(4,3) 0.04 Jy
63.12 63.18 63.24λ (µm)
(4,4) 0.00 Jy
(Podio+ 2012)
• Extended emission along the
jet direction
• Podio+ (2012): test extended
emission. Compare
continuum-to-line ratio in the
24 spaxels with that of the
central one
• Podio+ (2012): "The extended
atomic emission may be
produced by fast J-shocks"
Observations of YSOs at 63 µm 7 / 15
-
P. Riviere-Marichalar
Catalogue of Herschel-PACS spectroscopicobservations of Young Stellar Objects: the
jet-disc contribution
Extended [OI] emission
DK Cha
(Riviere-Marichalar+ 2015)
• Extended emission along the
jet direction
• Podio+ (2012): test extended
emission. Compare
continuum-to-line ratio in the
24 spaxels with that of the
central one
• Podio+ (2012): "The extended
atomic emission may be
produced by fast J-shocks"
Observations of YSOs at 63 µm 7 / 15
-
P. Riviere-Marichalar
Catalogue of Herschel-PACS spectroscopicobservations of Young Stellar Objects: the
jet-disc contribution
[OI]: multiple components
• DK Cha: multiple componentsobserved (Riviere-Marichalar+2015)
◮ Low-velocity (-51–52km/s,
rest-frame?) component
(disc?, stellar wind?)◮ High-velocity, red- (126–222
km/s) and blue-shifted (-70 –
-177 km/s) components(jet?)
• Spatial distribution of the
components
63.10 63.12 63.14 63.16 63.18 63.20 63.22 63.24
0
20
40
60
80
Fν(Jy)
1-Gaussian fit
63.10 63.12 63.14 63.16 63.18 63.20 63.22 63.24
0
20
40
60
80
Fν(Jy)
2-Gaussians fit
63.10 63.12 63.14 63.16 63.18 63.20 63.22 63.24λ(µm)
0
20
40
60
80
Fν(Jy)
3-Gaussians fit
Observations of YSOs at 63 µm 8 / 15
-
P. Riviere-Marichalar
Catalogue of Herschel-PACS spectroscopicobservations of Young Stellar Objects: the
jet-disc contribution
[OI]: multiple components
• DK Cha: multiple componentsobserved (Riviere-Marichalar+2015)
◮ Low-velocity (-51–52km/s,rest-frame?) component
(disc?, stellar wind?)◮ High-velocity, red- (126–222
km/s) and blue-shifted (-70 –
-177 km/s) components
(jet?)
• Spatial distribution of the
components
(Riviere-Marichalar+ 2015)
Observations of YSOs at 63 µm 8 / 15
-
P. Riviere-Marichalar
Catalogue of Herschel-PACS spectroscopicobservations of Young Stellar Objects: the
jet-disc contribution
Other lines?
(Alonso & Riviere-Marichalar, to be submitted)
Observations of YSOs at 63 µm 9 / 15
-
P. Riviere-Marichalar
Catalogue of Herschel-PACS spectroscopicobservations of Young Stellar Objects: the
jet-disc contribution
• ∼ 330 observations of YSOs at 63 µm: [OI] and o-H2O◮ Ages: 3–30 Myr (plus some old DD)◮ Class 0, I, II, III, transition discs, debris discs◮ Spectral types A to M
• Test extended emission• Understand jet and disc contribution• Evolutionary timescales• Future prospects: extend to range spectroscopy: CO, OH, H2O,
[CII],...
Catalogue of observations at 63 µm 10 / 15
-
P. Riviere-Marichalar
Catalogue of Herschel-PACS spectroscopicobservations of Young Stellar Objects: the
jet-disc contribution
• ∼ 330 observations of YSOs at 63 µm: [OI] and o-H2O◮ Ages: 3–30 Myr (plus some old DD)◮ Class 0, I, II, III, transition discs, debris discs◮ Spectral types A to M
• Test extended emission• Understand jet and disc contribution• Evolutionary timescales• Future prospects: extend to range spectroscopy: CO, OH, H2O,
[CII],...
10-17 10-16 10-15 10-14 10-13
F[OI] (erg/cm2 /s/Å)
10-17
10-16
10-15
10-14
10-13
F[O
I][3x3] (erg/
cm2/s/Å
)
Catalogue of observations at 63 µm 10 / 15
-
P. Riviere-Marichalar
Catalogue of Herschel-PACS spectroscopicobservations of Young Stellar Objects: the
jet-disc contribution
• ∼ 330 observations of YSOs at 63 µm: [OI] and o-H2O◮ Ages: 3–30 Myr (plus some old DD)◮ Class 0, I, II, III, transition discs, debris discs◮ Spectral types A to M
• Test extended emission• Understand jet and disc contribution• Evolutionary timescales• Future prospects: extend to range spectroscopy: CO, OH, H2O,
[CII],...
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Age (Myr)
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
Fraction
0.84×e−t/4.2 +0.10UpSco
Taurus Oph
Lupus
EtaCha
ChaII
Cha
Catalogue of observations at 63 µm 10 / 15
-
P. Riviere-Marichalar
Catalogue of Herschel-PACS spectroscopicobservations of Young Stellar Objects: the
jet-disc contribution
OI spatial distributions
65.5022 65.4996 65.496 65.4943 65.4917RA
19.530
19.533
19.535
19.538
19.541
Dec
T_Tau
0.0
0.9
1.8
2.7
3.6
4.5
5.4
1e−15
67.9188 67.9161 67.9135 67.9109 67.9083RA
18.230
18.232
18.235
18.237
Dec
XZ_Tau-1
0.0
0.6
1.2
1.8
2.4
3.0
3.6
1e−16
193.324 193.322 193.3194 193.316 193.314RA
-77.124
-77.122
-77.119
-77.116
-77.114
Dec
ChaII-J12531723-7707107
0.00
0.24
0.48
0.72
0.96
1.20
1.44
1e−15
65.5022 65.4996 65.496 65.4943 65.4917RA
19.530
19.533
19.535
19.538
19.541
Dec
T_Tau
0.00000000
0.00000018
0.00000036
0.00000054
0.00000072
0.00000090
0.00000108
67.9188 67.9161 67.9135 67.9109 67.9083RA
18.230
18.232
18.235
18.237
Dec
XZ_Tau-1
−0.00000108
−0.00000090
−0.00000072
−0.00000054
−0.00000036
−0.00000018
0.00000000
193.324 193.322 193.3194 193.316 193.314RA
-77.124
-77.122
-77.119
-77.116
-77.114
Dec
ChaII-J12531723-7707107
0.0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2.0
2.4
2.8
3.21e−7
Catalogue of observations at 63 µm 11 / 15
-
P. Riviere-Marichalar
Catalogue of Herschel-PACS spectroscopicobservations of Young Stellar Objects: the
jet-disc contribution
H2O spatial distributions
65.5022 65.4996 65.496 65.4943 65.4917RA
19.530
19.533
19.535
19.538
19.541
Dec
T_Tau
−0.3
0.0
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.2
1.5
1.8
2.11e−16
67.9188 67.9161 67.9135 67.9109 67.9083RA
18.230
18.232
18.235
18.237
Dec
XZ_Tau-1
−1.8
−0.9
0.0
0.9
1.8
2.7
3.6
1e−17
193.324 193.322 193.3194 193.316 193.314RA
-77.124
-77.122
-77.119
-77.116
-77.114
Dec
ChaII-J12531723-7707107
−2.4
−2.0
−1.6
−1.2
−0.8
−0.4
0.0
0.4
1e−17
65.5022 65.4996 65.496 65.4943 65.4917RA
19.530
19.533
19.535
19.538
19.541
Dec
T_Tau
−9.0
−7.5
−6.0
−4.5
−3.0
−1.5
0.0
1.51e−17
67.9188 67.9161 67.9135 67.9109 67.9083RA
18.230
18.232
18.235
18.237
Dec
XZ_Tau-1
0.0
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.2
1.5
1.8
2.1
1e−16
193.324 193.322 193.3194 193.316 193.314RA
-77.124
-77.122
-77.119
-77.116
-77.114
Dec
ChaII-J12531723-7707107
−2.1
−1.8
−1.5
−1.2
−0.9
−0.6
−0.3
0.0
0.3
0.61e−17
Catalogue of observations at 63 µm 12 / 15
-
P. Riviere-Marichalar
Catalogue of Herschel-PACS spectroscopicobservations of Young Stellar Objects: the
jet-disc contribution
A global picture: many parameters, manyobservations
• SED: Mdust, ǫ, amin–rin, p...
• Thermal image, scattered lightimage: Rin, Rout, ǫ
◮ Need for high spatial
resolution to access innerdisc: ALMA!, Sphere...
• Spectroscopy: gascomposition and dynamics, β,fUV,...
◮ Gas and dust can have
different spatial distribution:
ALMA! to trace gas VS dust
• Polarimetry: dust composition
and size
1.0 10.0 100.0 1000.
10−16
10−14
10−12
10.0 20.5.
10−13
2
λ (µm)
λ.F
λ (W
.m−2
)
Pinte+ (2008)
Catalogue of observations at 63 µm 13 / 15
-
P. Riviere-Marichalar
Catalogue of Herschel-PACS spectroscopicobservations of Young Stellar Objects: the
jet-disc contribution
A global picture: many parameters, manyobservations
• SED: Mdust, ǫ, amin–rin, p...
• Thermal image, scattered lightimage: Rin, Rout, ǫ
◮ Need for high spatial
resolution to access innerdisc: ALMA!, Sphere...
• Spectroscopy: gascomposition and dynamics, β,fUV,...
◮ Gas and dust can have
different spatial distribution:
ALMA! to trace gas VS dust
• Polarimetry: dust composition
and size
HD 21997 - ALMA 886µm
4 2 0 -2 -4RA offset [arcsec]
-4
-2
0
2
4
DE
C o
ffse
t [a
rcse
c]
50 AU
-0.20
0.00
0.20
0.41
0.61
I ν [
mJy b
eam
-1]
a
Moór + (2013)
Catalogue of observations at 63 µm 13 / 15
-
P. Riviere-Marichalar
Catalogue of Herschel-PACS spectroscopicobservations of Young Stellar Objects: the
jet-disc contribution
A global picture: many parameters, manyobservations
• SED: Mdust, ǫ, amin–rin, p...
• Thermal image, scattered lightimage: Rin, Rout, ǫ
◮ Need for high spatial
resolution to access innerdisc: ALMA!, Sphere...
• Spectroscopy: gascomposition and dynamics, β,fUV,...
◮ Gas and dust can have
different spatial distribution:
ALMA! to trace gas VS dust
• Polarimetry: dust composition
and size
arcseconds East
arc
seconds N
ort
h
0.99 µm-1-0.500.51
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
SN
RE
-5
0
5
10
15
20
Rodigas+ (2015)
Catalogue of observations at 63 µm 13 / 15
-
P. Riviere-Marichalar
Catalogue of Herschel-PACS spectroscopicobservations of Young Stellar Objects: the
jet-disc contribution
A global picture: many parameters, manyobservations
• SED: Mdust, ǫ, amin–rin, p...
• Thermal image, scattered lightimage: Rin, Rout, ǫ
◮ Need for high spatial
resolution to access innerdisc: ALMA!, Sphere...
• Spectroscopy: gascomposition and dynamics, β,fUV,...
◮ Gas and dust can have
different spatial distribution:
ALMA! to trace gas VS dust
• Polarimetry: dust composition
and size
-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8vLSR (km s
-1)
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
SC
O (
Jy)
12CO(3-2)12CO(2-1)13CO(3-2)13CO(2-1)
C18O(2-1)
Kóspál+ (2013)
Catalogue of observations at 63 µm 13 / 15
-
P. Riviere-Marichalar
Catalogue of Herschel-PACS spectroscopicobservations of Young Stellar Objects: the
jet-disc contribution
A global picture: many parameters, manyobservations
• SED: Mdust, ǫ, amin–rin, p...
• Thermal image, scattered lightimage: Rin, Rout, ǫ
◮ Need for high spatial
resolution to access innerdisc: ALMA!, Sphere...
• Spectroscopy: gascomposition and dynamics, β,fUV,...
◮ Gas and dust can have
different spatial distribution:
ALMA! to trace gas VS dust
• Polarimetry: dust composition
and size
-1
0
1
2
3
vL
SR (k
m s
-1)
3 2 1 0 -1 -2RA offset (arcsec)
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
DE
C o
ffse
t (a
rcse
c)
12CO (2-1)
Kóspál+ (2013)
Catalogue of observations at 63 µm 13 / 15
-
P. Riviere-Marichalar
Catalogue of Herschel-PACS spectroscopicobservations of Young Stellar Objects: the
jet-disc contribution
• Catalogue of spectroscopic observations of > 330 YSO’s
• Disentangle jet and disc contribution to [OI] emission
• Complement with other lines to model the gas content
Summary 14 / 15
-
P. Riviere-Marichalar
Catalogue of Herschel-PACS spectroscopicobservations of Young Stellar Objects: the
jet-disc contribution
Thanks for your attention
Summary 15 / 15
IntroductionObservations of YSOs at 63 mCatalogue of observations at 63 mSummary