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C I V I L S T R U C T U R E a n d

INFRASTRUCTURE EQUIPMENT for:

» Nondestructive Evaluation

» Seismic Geophysic

» Structural Health Monitoring

Equipment for Imaging

the Civil Infrastructure

Olson Instruments, Inc .

w w w . O l s o n I n s t r u m e n t s . c o m



1The Freedom DATA PC, the ultimate in a proessional, ield ruggedized NDE and Seismic

Geophysical Testing Platorm with over a dozen optional add-on test method capabilities.

2The NDE 360, a versatile, robust, ruggedized handheld NDE Platorm. Includes up to

a dozen optional add-on NDE and simple Seismic Geophysical test/sotware system

options in one platorm, making it a complete suite or nondestructive evaluation

o civil structures at a very aordable price.

3The CTG’s Impact Echo based Concrete Thickness/Flaw Gauge Product Line

Veriy concrete thickness and even detect internal aws in one easy step without the

need to drill, core or excavate. Requires no special knowledge or training to obtain

thickness measurements.

4The Freedom DAS PC or structural health monitoring, general purpose testing

and data acquisition on up to 32 channels with easily switchable, exible support

o strain, potentiometer, accelerometer, thermocouple and other sensors or

perormance monitoring and load testing.

5The Resonance Tester (RT-1) or determination o elastic moduli o concrete specimens

and rock cores. A lab instrument with just 3 simple components that provides accurateresults in less than a minute — simple to use, simple to learn!

We do not outsource any tech support questions and should you require sotwareand/or hardware support, we welcome your questions and comments.

Headquartered in Wheat Ridge, Colorado USA,

Olson Instruments, Inc. is an industry leader in the

manuacturing o Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE)

Instrumentation widely used in the construction feld.

We design and engineer NDE systems that are frst used by our sister

company, Olson Engineering, Inc. (www.OlsonEngineering.com) beore

selling feld-proven instruments worldwide that provide the quality,

ruggedness and perormance demanded by industry standards.

Furthermore, since our systems are assembled in-house, the purchaser

can be assured that we have the bench strength to provide assistance or

years to come. I you call in or Tech Support, more oten than not you

will be speaking with an engineer who has actually designed and used

the equipment and/or written the sotware! With Olson’s broad knowledge and experience, we provide personalized

service or all o your NDE instrumentation needs.

Since 1993, Olson Instruments, Inc. has been an established manuacturer o sensors and data collection systems.

Our products are designed to address the requirements o the civil engineering industry or condition assessment.

This ocus has resulted in NDE, Geophysical and Laboratory test systems that are recognized world-wide or their

durability, versatility, and superior quality. In addition to optional add-on NDE test method systems or ultrasonic,

sonic, seismic, vibration, structural health monitoring as well as custom systems, we develop and manuacture

fve main product platorms:



Concrete Thickness/

Flaw Gauges

[page 6]

www.OlsonInstruments.com | www.OlsonEngineering.com

Table o Contents

Olson Instruments, In

12401 W. 49th Aven

Wheat Ridge, CO USA 80033-19

Toll Free: 1.888.423.12

Ph: 303.423.12

Fax: 303.423.60

email: [email protected]

www.OlsonInstruments.com | www.OlsonEngineering.c

Olson Instruments , Inc .

[page 26]

[page 30]

Nondestructive Testing Platorms »

Freedom Data PC ...............................................................................................................................

NDE 360 ..............................................................................................................................................................

Concrete Thickness Gauges (CTG)........................................................................

Freedom DAS PC (Data Acquisition System) .......................................

Lab Testing »

Resonance Tester (RT-1).........................................................................................................

Custom Systems » ......................................................................................................................... 1

Add-On Nondestructive Testing Systems »

Foundation Depth & Integrity Systems1. Crosshole Sonic Logging. ...................................................................................................................1

2. Tomographic Imaging Software. .................................................................................................. 1

3. Parallel Seismic. ........................................................................................................................................ 1

4. Sonic Echo/Impulse Response. ...................................................................................................2

5. Ultraseismic (Developed by Olson). ........................................................................................2

Structural, Pavement, & Tunnel Systems

6. Impact Echo. ................................................................................................................................................2

7. Impact Echo Scanner........................................................................................................................... 2

8. Slab Impulse Response...................................................................................................................... 2

9. Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves-S (Structural) . ..................................................3

10. Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity/Sonic Pulse Velocity . .......................................................... 3

1 1. Multiple Impact Surface Waves . ................................................................................................3

Geophysical Seismic Systems

1 2. Crosshole/Downhole Seismic. ....................................................................................................3

13. Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves-G (Geophysical). ...........................................3

14. Seismic Refraction/Reection. ..................................................................................................4

Lab Testing

1 5. Resonance Testing [NDE 360 and Freedom Data PC Platforms] ....................



nondestructive testing platforms

NDE 360™ » One Platform - Multiple NDE TestsFreedom Data PC »

The Freedom Data PC represents the ultimate professional, versatile, battery powered NDT Platform, as it can be

utilized for evaluation of structures/infrastructure and geophysical seismic engineering surveys. A custom module

can be added to this platform for the purposes of Structural Health Monitoring, General Purpose Testing, and Data

Acquisition for up to 16 Channels.

The Freedom DATA PC multiple system platorm providesthe user with unmatched exibility or stress-wave based

NDT condition evaluation o concrete, masonry, asphalt, wood

and other construction materials, as well as seismic testing o

soil and rock. This platorm provides complete data processing

capability or all test methods.

By simply changing out the custom instrument modules, the use

can quickly switch between tests using any o the available test

method options listed below, while using similar sotware or da

acquisition and analysis.

Features:

14" XGA diagonal color backlit screen (1366 x 768)■

or sunlight/night viewing

Windows XP or Windows 7 based low power 1.6 GHz Atom■

processor 1 GB DRAM

2 - Plug-In multi-channel data/source modules■

Minimum 160 GB hard drive■

~ 6-8 hour run time internal rechargeable lithium ion batteries■

Shock mounted, weather resistant, ield ruggedized design■

Weathertight mouse and keyboard■

1 - 10/100/1000 MB LAN, USB 2.0 (3), RS-232 Serial &■

External SVGA Ports

1 - External XGA (1024 x 768) port or external monitor■

National Instruments 16 channel 1.25 MHz, 16 bit PCI data■

acquisition card standard, optional cards available

Universal 110/220 VAC, 50/60 Hz power supply/charger■

External 12 volt automotive cigarette lighter adapter■

Weight: 23 lbs (10.5 kg)■

Dimensions: 18.5" x 14" x 6" (47 x 36 x 15 cm)■

If you already own an add-on system, please let Olson know as many of the components are commonto other test methods.

Special Option! ...Internal 8B Modules or easy-to-switchsignal conditioning or Structural Health Monitoring. Supports:

Strain temperature preSSure potentiometer ViBratio

What Test Method Systems Are Available?




NDE 360 »

The NDE 360 multiple system platorm is a compact,

lightweight, but robust battery powered handheld system

oering mobility and simplicity or use in the eld by oneperson. Test data is stored on the compact ash and can be

analyzed on-site. The NDE 360 includes several add-on NDT

test/sotware system options, making it a complete suite or

nondestructive testing and evaluation o civil structures at an

attractive price. This platorm accommodates complete data

processing capability or most test methods. The available test

methods shown below can be added to the NDE 360 without

returning the equipment, except when 8MB memory is required

or the Impact Echo Scanner and MISW systems.

The NDE 360 is eld tested and proven through requent use b

our sister company, Olson Engineering. Optional training or bo

hardware and sotware is available. Check out our website ote

as we are continually adding test capabilities to our platorms.

Features:

High impact ABS plastic case and membrane keypad with■

simple to use Test - Accept - Reject and numeric key buttons

LCD with 1/4 VGA, backlit color touch screen, 4.5" x 3.25"■

(11.4 x 8.5 cm) with QWERTY touchscreen keyboard or

5 character ile names

512 KB standard memory - 8 MB optional memory■

14.4V, 4.5Ah NiMH internal rechargeable battery■

(lasts ~ 8 hours), optional spare battery and charger

Signal Inputs: Up to 4 channels with 16 bit analog/digital■

converters

2 removable compact lash cards (1 backup card)■


128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048 data points per channel■

record length

Gains: x1, x10, x100, x1000 in our steps per channel■

Overall Dimensions: 7.5" x 7.5" x 3" (19 x 19 x 7.6 cm)■

Weight: 4.1 lbs. (1.86 kg)■

If you already own an add-on system, please let Olson know as many of the components are commonto other test methods.

Simply put, the NDE 360 is the most versatile and expandable handheld touch screen NDT Platform for Quality

Assurance/Quality Control. Add on NDT System(s) as you need them without having to return the unit.

What Test Method Systems Are Available?

*Requires 8 MB Memory Option




NDE 360™ » One Platform - Multiple NDE TestsConcrete Thickness Gauges (CTG) » Standard Models

The CTG line of instruments are handheld, battery powered, nondestructive systems for measuring

the thickness and integrity of concrete slabs, pavements, tunnel linings, walls and other

plate-like structures using the Impact Echo (IE) principle.

Concrete Thickness/Flaw Gauges are

dedicated platorms designed to test concrete

thickness in straightorward situations that involve

simple structures like slabs, pipes, or walls. All models

include a telescoping pole or overhead or atwork.

Perorm over 60 CTG tests in an hour on-site, without the

need to core, drill, or excavate! Save time and money using

Olson’s CTG Thickness/Flaw Gauges — see our Impact

Echo section (see page 24) or more inormation about the

methodology. To receive a brochure on the CTG product

line, email [email protected], or call 303.423.1212.

Features:

Ruggedized, handheld test head with integrated displacement■

transducer and solenoid impactor

No coupling agents required or use o test head on concrete■

Works on cured, hardened concrete in air or on grade■

Works through thin, bonded paint and most types o bonded■

tile – checks tile bonding too

Easy to read translective LCD display or outdoors and■

switchable backlight or indoors

Switch between English (inches) or Metric■

(centimeters) units with the click o a button

Easy velocity calibration at known thickness location,■

or use Olson’s deault parameters

Download test time/date and results into your PC through■

serial port (serial cable and serial/USB cable)

Thickness data table can be imported into popular■

spreadsheet programs

Outputs thickness summary tables and data or post-■

processing on a Windows PC using WinIE sotware

CTG Test Gauge

CTG-1TF (Thickness/Flaw Model)

Specifications

Standard Thickness Range:» 3.2" to 6 t (81 mm to 1.8 m Normal solenoid mode to thick hammer mode

Accuracy:» ± 2% at high resolution when IE velocity iscalibrated on a known thickness

Report Capability:»

Numerical thickness summary tabledownloadable to spreadsheet

Raw data downloadable to PC/Notebook or awanalyses using Olson’s Windows based WinIE sotwareand thickness summary table

Power:» Internal rechargeable NiMH battery pack(~ 6-7 hrs o operation per charge), external batterycharger (AC power unit, overnight charging), can use10 - AA size alkaline batteries or run on the AC power unit

Learning Curve:» Less than 10 minutes or thicknessmeasurements!

Frequency Resolution:» 44.5 Hz (high) or 89 Hz (low)

Number of Samples Acquired Per Test:»

256 (normal) or 512 (high resolution with zero padding)

Processing Time for 1 Test:» ~ 3 seconds

Sampling Rates:» 45,600 samples/s (normal), 14,400samples/s (thick), and 116,000 samples/s (super thin)

Maximum Signal Frequency:» 22,800 Hz (normal),7,200 Hz (thick), and 58,000 Hz (super thin)

Weight:» 4.4 lbs (2.0 kg) combined or test head and gauge

Cable Length for Test Head:» 6 t (1.8 m)

Standard Model

Impact Echo Test Hea




Concrete Thickness Gauges (CTG) » Enhanced Models

CTG Models with Enhanced Features

CTG-1TF-ST[Super Thin]

Components Thickness Range Report Capability

Test Gauge»

Impact Echo Test Head»

with High FrequencyImpactor or testing thinmembers

Telescoping Pole»

1.5" to 6 t»

(38 mm to 1.8 m)

in Super Thin to

Normal Solenoid

Impactor Modes

to Thick HammerMode

Numerical Thickness

Summary Table,

downloadable to spreadsheet

WinIE analysis sotware

displays phase, velocity, or

modulus data vs. requencyor wavelength o a single

test.

CTG-1TF-SW[Surace Wave Velocity]


Test Gauge»


Telescoping Pole»

SW Detachable Arm»

with second transduceror obtaining velocityacross a xed distanceo 8" (203 mm)

3.2" to 6 t»

(81 mm to 1.8 m)

in Normal Solenoid

Impactor mode

to Thick Hammer

Mode

Numerical Thickness

Summary Table,


WinIE & WinSW analysis

sotware displays phase,

velocity, or modulus data vs.requency or wavelength o a

single test.

CTG-1TF-ST-SW[Super Thin + Surace Wave Velocity]


Test Gauge»


with High FrequencyImpactor or testing thinmembers

Telescoping Pole»

SW Detachable Arm»

with second transduceror obtaining velocityacross a known distance

1.5" to 6 t»

(38 mm to 1.8 m)

in Super Thin to

Normal Solenoid

Impactor Modes

to Thick HammerMode

Numerical Thickness

Summary Table,


WinIE & WinSW analysis

sotware displays phase,

velocity, or modulus data vs.requency or wavelength o a

single test.

For the standard model, CTG-1TF, the options

of Super Thin [ST] for testing thin members, Surface Wave [SW]

for obtaining velocity across a known distance, or both Super Thin

and Surface Wave [ST-SW] can be added as indicated in the

table below.

CTG-1TF-SW



NDE 360™ » One Platform - Multiple NDE Tests


Freedom DAS (Data Acquisition System) »

The Freedom DAS is Olson’s data acquisition system for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM).

The Freedom DAS PC is a eld ruggedized and battery

powered multiple system platorm or structural health

monitoring and other industries.

Applications or this platorm include modal testing/vibration

monitoring or structures and machinery, acoustic measurements,

monitoring temperature changes, strain gages (¼ to ull bridge),

and recording potentiometer/LVDT displacements. In essence,

the Freedom DAS PC can be used to measure/monitor any

voltage or change in resistance that can be recorded. This

platorm has the unique capability o combining data collection

and analyses (both in the eld and in the ofce) into a single

transportable battery operated unit.

Custom Systems Available - Give Olson a call at 303.423.1212 or email [email protected]

Internal Dataforth 8B Modules

for easy-to-switch signal conditioning to

support measurement of strain, temperature,

pressure, potentiometer, etc. National

Instruments™ Labview software based data

acquisition for up to 32 channels.

Features:

14" XGA diagonal color backlit screen (1366 x 768)■

or sunlight/night viewing

Windows XP or Windows 7 based low power 1.6 GHz Atom■

processor 1 GB DRAM

32 slots or Dataorth 8B signal conditioning modules in■

removable module bay, 16 slot option or Dataorth SCM5Bmodules

Minimum 160 GB hard drive■

~ 6-8 hour run time internal rechargeable lithium ion batteries■


Weathertight mouse and keyboard■

1 - 10/100/1000 MB LAN, USB 2.0 (3), RS-232 Serial &■

External SVGA Ports

1 - External XGA (1024 x 768) port or external monitor■

National Instruments 16 channel 1.25 MHz, 16 bit PCI data■

acquisition card standard, optional cards available

Universal 110/220 VAC, 50/60 Hz power supply/charger■

External 12 volt automotive cigarette lighter adapter■

Weight: 23 lbs (10.5 kg)■

Dimensions: 18.5" x 14" x 6" (47 x 36 x 15 cm)■

Analog Current (I)»

Analog Voltage (V)»

Linearized 2, 3 or 4 Wire RTD»

8B m f:

Potentiometer»

Strain Gauge (¼ or ull)»

Frequency»

True RMS Voltage»

2 - Wire»

Linearized Thermocouple»

Concrete Strain Gauges

and other sensors availa

(16 Channel Option for Dataforth SCM5B Modules)




Resonance Tester RT-1 » ASTM C215 | ASTM C666

Fast digital laboratory testing equipment - get results in seconds! Tests concrete, masonry, stone & rock, carbon &

granite, ceramics and other specimens.

Consisting o three simple components, Olson’s digitally

based handheld Resonance Tester (RT-1) is a dedicated

platorm that is aster, simpler, easier and more economicalthan older analog vibrator technology — get accurate

test results in seconds! Meets ASTM C215 Standard or

Resonance Testing o Concrete or Dynamic Properties and

Freeze-Thaw Durability Testing (ASTM C666). The dynamic

Young’s modulus (E), shear modulus (G) and Poisson’s ratio

( y) o concrete, rock, asphalt, masonry, carbon and other

cylinder, beam and core-shaped specimens can be obtained

seconds. The complete system includes a sample spreadshee

or all moduli calculations or longitudinal, lexural and

torsional tests as shown below.

Features:

Acquires 1024 samples per test with a sampling rate■

o 52,000 samples/second

Quick & Easy Set Up! — uses sponge rubber mat in place■

o metal test rame (per ASTM C215)

Color screen or requency spectra display■

High requency test option or small rock cores■

Learning curve: less than 10 minutes■

Includes sotware or damping calculation■

Download data to your PC via serial port (serial cable and■

serial/USB cable)

Unit will store up to 100 tests or download to optional■

WinRT analysis sotware

AC (100-240 VAC) or rechargeable battery power■

~ 6 hour lie internal rechargeable batteries, can operate■

while recharging

dw y y

pc. e h yw

h h

y (hw

).

Testing a Rock Core

shown: accelerometer

Get Accurate Test Results in Seconds!

Resonance testing is available as an add-onfor the Freedom Data PC and the NDE 360





0000

Olson Instruments has developed custom systems for numerous industries in our effort to provide solutions for

unusual testing situations and a broad variety of applications. These types of systems were built for oil and gas

exploration, seismic investigations, mine and mine safety applications, nuclear facility inspections, structural

integrity evaluations, and testing at water and wastewater treatment plants.

Our unique capability to cater to your needs stems rom years

o experience in not only building the equipment, but in using

the equipment in our sister company, Olson Engineering. Both

Olson Instruments and Olson Engineering retain a diverse

engineering sta ready to take on your toughest issues and

cater to all o your NDT and geophysical needs. Please contact

our corporate ofce or urther inormation pertaining to these

types o systems.

Olson’s Custom Systems have been used for:

Rapid integrity testing o pre-stressed concrete cylinder pipes■

Sonic logging o shallow boreholes■

Seismic relection and reraction surveys■

Modal vibration monitoring or industrial buildings■

and bridges

Concrete drill/core guidance systems■ (see photo at left)

A variety o grout integrity investigations including■

pre- and post-tensioned ducts in pre-cast beams

Rapid thickness/integrity scanning o bridge decks■

(see photo below)

Impact Echo Pipe Scanner

Custom Systems »

Bridge Deck Scanner™ (BDS™)

Researched and developed by Olson Engineering, Inc. under NCHRP IDEAS Grant



» Resace Testig.......................................................................................................................................................................9

» Crsshle Sic Lggig....................................................................................................................................12

» Tmgraphic Velcit Imagig Sftware ...........................................................14

» Parallel Seismic ..............................................................................................................................................................................18

» Sic Ech/Impulse Respse ..........................................................................................................20

» Ultraseismic...............................................................................................................................................................................................22

» Impact Ech...............................................................................................................................................................................................24

» Impact Ech Scaer ....................................................................................................................................................26

» Slab Impulse Respse ...........................................................................................................................................28

» Spectral Aalsis f Surface Waves-S .......................................................................30

» Ultrasic Pulse Velcit/Sic Pulse Velcit.............................32

» Multiple Impact Surface Waves ......................................................................................................34

» Crsshle/Dwhle Seismic...............................................................................................................36

» Spectral Aalsis f Surface Waves-G ......................................................................38

» Seismic Refracti/Reecti.........................................................................................................40

Add-On Nondestructive Test Method Systems Section »

NDE 360

nonDESTRUCTIVE TESTInG ADD-on SySTEMS

Concrete Thickness Gauges

» Super Thi opti .........................................................................................................................................................................7

» Surface Wave opti ............................................................................................................................................................7

»

Super Thi ad Surface Wave opti.................................................................................

7

Freedom Data PC

ab sy a-o p

» Resace Testig.......................................................................................................................................................................9

» Tmgraphic Velcit Imagig Sftware ...........................................................14

» Parallel Seismic ..............................................................................................................................................................................18

» Sic Ech/Impulse Respse ..........................................................................................................20

» Ultraseismic...............................................................................................................................................................................................22

» Impact Ech...............................................................................................................................................................................................24

» Impact Ech Scaer ....................................................................................................................................................26

» Slab Impulse Respse...........................................................................................................................................28

» Spectral Aalsis f Surface Waves-S .......................................................................30

» Ultrasic Pulse Velcit/Sic Pulse Velcit.............................32

» Multiple Impact Surface Waves ......................................................................................................34

» Spectral Aalsis f Surface Waves-G ......................................................................38

ab sy a-o p

ab sy a-o p

Olson Instruments , Inc.



Foundation depth & integrity SyStemS

di-12

Crosshole Sonic Logging » ASTM D6760-08 | ACI 228.2R

Crosshole Sonic Logging is the most accurate and reliable technique for assessing the integrity of deep foundation

elements constructed on-site from concrete or grout.

The Crosshole Sonic Logging (CSL) system is designed or

Quality Assurance (QA) testing o newly placed critical drilled

shat oundations and auger cast piles, but can also be applied

to slurry walls, mat oundations, and mass concrete pours. Usingwater-lled access tubes, CSL testing provides assurance that

the oundation concrete is sound with no deects such as soil

intrusions, necking, sand lenses, voids, etc. Where deects exist,

the extent, nature, depth, and approximate lateral location o

the deects can be determined with the CSL method and urther

reined with Tomographic Imaging Software, which is sold by

Olson Instruments (see page 14).

A variation o the CSL method, called Single-Hole Sonic Logging

(SSL) can also be used on smaller diameter drilled mini-piles and

auger cast piles. The Single-Hole Sonic Logging method is used in

cases where only a single access tube can be placed in a deep

oundation, and tests the concrete quality in the region around

the single access tube (see graphic on next page).

Features

One or two logs per pull (CSL-1 or CSL-2)■

System design allows or ast and accurate ield measurements■

Hydrophones (42 KHz) are interchangeable as both source and■

receiver

Tests up to 20 t (6.5m) through concrete■

Real-time waveorm and log results display while testing■

Alternate CSL log display ormats available at a key stroke■

Sensitive enough to detect small deects■

Sotware allows or Automatic Log and optional Report Generation■

in Microsot Word

Capable o identiying multiple deects in a single shat■

Meets ASTM and RILEM standards■

Plastic Test Block to check system operation■

Tomographic Imaging Sotware option available■

Freedom Data PC Required,Sold Separately

ml avs

CSL-1 Model Single Log System

CSL-2 Model Double Log System for large shafts and walls

o avs

Tomo-1 Software Allows the user to perform and display tomographic inversions

of CSL data, giving 2-D or 3-D velocity images of anomalies



Crosshole Sonic Logging » ASTM D6760-02 | ACI 228.2R


Method

The CSL method is typically perormed in access tubes

(steel or PVC) o 1.5 inch I.D. (35 mm) or greater which are

tied to the rebar cage and cast into the shat at the time o

construction. The test can also be perormed using

coreholes, i available.

Data Collection

The user riendly CSL sotware is written and tested at

Olson Instruments’ corporate oce in Colorado. We do

not outsource any tech support questions and, should

you require sotware support, we welcome your questions

and comments.

Available Models

The Crosshole Sonic Logging system is available

in two dierent models which can be run rom the

Freedom Data PC Platorm:1. Crosshole Sonic Logging - 1 (CSL-1)

2. Crosshole Sonic Logging - 2 (CSL-2)

The CSL-1 Model is the base model and is most

requently used or quality assurance o newly placed

drilled shats. Includes two hydrophones or testing

one tube pair per log pull.

The CSL-2 Model includes three hydrophones or

aster data acquisition by testing two tube pairs per

log pull. This eature provides a signicant advantage

to users who are testing a great number o shats,

large diameter shats involving numerous test tubes,

and slurry/diaphragm walls.

Alternate Log Display Formats

Data Example » 2

The plot on the right is sometimes called a Z-banded plot or waterfall plot. This plot is another way of

showing the CSL results. It is basically a waveform stack plot, but instead of plotting the whole waveform

it plots all the positive values. If the amplitude is positive, it plots a straight line. If the amplitude is

negative, there is no line.

CSLResult–ArrivalTimeandEnergy vs. WaterfallPlot

Data Example » 1

ExampleCSLResult-Anomalies

The image to the left shows a CSL

log with two defects: a major defect

at about 23 ft and a more minor

defect at about 30 ft. The ultrasonic

signals (time vs. voltage) illustrate

the differences between the sound,

major defect and minor defect

results. The defect at approximately

23 ft is considered to be more

severe because the signal is com-

pletely lost between the transmitter

and receiver.

Major Defect





di-14

Tomographic Imaging Software for CSL, UPV, and CS/DS »

Tomographic Imaging Software (TOMO) is most commonly

used in conjunction with the Crosshole Sonic Logging (CSL),

Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV), and Crosshole Seismic/DownholeSeismic (CS/DS) methods. This type o testing/processing is oten

deployed to illuminate the extent, location, and severity o a deect

ound with previous testing. This methodology can, however, be

used in instances when the user requires a 2-D/3-D velocity image

o the medium in question (e.g. soil body velocity structures).

Tomographic velocity images are powerful analysis tools used to characterize the size, shape, extent, and severity of

potential defects and anomalies.

Features

Inversion program can perorm travel time/velocity■

and attenuation tomography

Anisotropy can be speciied or each point o the grid■

allowing or more accurate modelsRay paths can be both straight and curved allowing■

or more accurate models

Processing tools capable o identiying multiple deects■

Sotware packages easily interace with each other■

providing the user with a valuable visual tool

Accurately characterizes the size, location and severity■

o deects

2-D/3-D analysis and display sotware is completely■

customizable to meet the user’s graphical needs

Display sotware can create a variety o images,■

including movies or visualization aidsSoftware Used With CSL,UPV, and CS/DS Systems,Sold Separately

C R O S S H O L E T O

M O G R A P H Y

SOURCE

FIRST ANGLE

POSITION OF

RECEIVER

a t e e r F i i l l l e d d

A c c c e s s

T u b b e s

SECOND ANGLE

POSITION OF

RECEIVER

T e s t P a t h

Test Path

Data Example » 1

PSresultsshowinggoodqualitydata

3DVelocityTomogramofDrilledShaft





TOMO-1 Option

avlbl f fllw sss:Advantages

Crosshole Sonic Logging (CSL)+ Tomographic Velocity Imaging

Crosshole Tomography (CT) testing and analysis is used to generatevelocity images o anomalies between tested tube pairs in order

to better judge the extent and severity o deects. With the CSL-2-

Tomo sotware, the CT method uses data rom multiple CSL logs at

dierent source-receiver height osets to generate 2-D image slices

o the material between a pair o access tubes in a shat. When data is

collected between multiple access tubes, the data sets can be combined

to create a 3-D image model o the interior o the shat concrete,

delineating deects as shown on the previous page.

Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV)

or Sonic Pulse Velocity (SPV)

+ Tomographic Velocity Imaging

Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) Tomograms are generally used to map out

the location, extent, and severity o deects in structural members. This

method takes advantage o the multiple crossing test paths generated

by combining direct, semi-direct, and indirect UPV testing. This data,

once picked or First Arrival Time (FAT), is used to generate 2-D or 3-Dvelocity images. This data and model can oten be a valuable resource

when repairs are needed on structural members because it provides

the inormation necessary to isolate the problem. Sonic Pulse Velocity

(SPV) data is used to provide velocity images o massive dams, bridge

substructures, etc.

Crosshole Seismic/

Downhole Seismic (CS/DS)

+ Tomographic Velocity Imaging

The tomographic velocity images created rom data acquired during

Crosshole Seismic/Downhole Seismic (CS/DS) tests are generally used to

look at the material properties o soil/rock. More specically, this

technique is ultimately useul to image the lateral/vertical changes in

material properties or a more complete site characterization. This

method uses compressional or shear wave arrival time data collected at

dierent source-receiver height osets to generate a 2-D image slice

between boreholes. When more than two boreholes are available, then

the testing can be conducted such that a 3-D image model o the material

between multiple test tube pairs can be generated.





di-16


TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGING SOFTWAREAs seen in the above gure, the anomaly (repre-sented by the cooler colors) is primarily containedbetween the depths of 2.5 ft and 4 ft in theproximity of Tube 1, assuming that Tube 1 was thesource tube.

CT TOMOGRAM - Drilled Shaft

Thin-Arch Concrete Dam

Tomography 2-D Test Results

TomogramVelocityScaleinkfps(thousandsofft/sec)

As seen in the gure at right, low

velocity zones at downstream face

(left side) correspond to degraded

concrete from freeze-thaw cracking

damage on downstream face.

P e r i m e t e r T o m o g r a m s

Drilled Shaft DefectsDistance between tubes (ft)

D i s t a n c e b e l o w t

o p o f s h a

f t ( f t )

Vertical Tomograms from Crosshole Tomography (CT) Data





Available Imaging Software

The Tomographic Imaging Sotware is an add-on option

to either o the Olson Instruments, Inc. CSL systems,the UPV system, and/or the CS/DS system. In the

instance that this add-on is purchased or either o the

CSL systems, the CSL sotware package includes the

Tomo option. The CSL sotware has a tomography data

collection and export unction that provides automated

user prompting or test execution as well as direct

output to the GEOTOM® inversion program.

In the instance that this add-on is purchased or

either the UPV or CS/DS systems, which includes the

GEOTOM® inversion program, the GEOTOM® sotware

can perorm either rst arrival time tomography or

attenuation tomography, use both straight and bending

rays, and allows or the specication o anisotropy atany dened grid point. The Slicer Dicer® visualization

package allows the user to create both 2-D and

3-D images as well as animations rom the output

generated through the GEOTOM® inversion.

Method

The tomographic imaging sotware is used in conjunction

with the CSL, UPV/SPV, and CS/DS methods/systems. Please

reer to the method sections or these systems in this catalog.

Data Collection

The user-riendly CSL sotware, used or CT testing, is written

and tested at Olson Instruments’ corporate oce in Colorado.

Olson Instruments has extensive experience with tomography

data analysis sotware. We do not outsource any tech support

questions and, should you require sotware support, we

welcome your questions and comments.

Data Example » 1

SlicerDicer®3-Dvisualizationofdefectinadrilledshaft

Image above displays several 2-D horizontal slice

of data. Note that red colors indicate areas of low

velocity and therefore low strength.

Sample2:GeoTomCG®2-DSlice

Image at left shows a 3-D visualization where

the higher velocity sections of a drilled shaft

have been removed leaving only the lower

velocity areas for easy viewing of defects.

Crosshole Seismic/Downhole Seismic Testing

Data Example » 2

SlicerDicer®3-Dvisualizationdataresultsfromcolumnshown

These images were created

using Ultrasonic Pulse Veloci

(UPV) data taken on a colum

that had visible exterior

damage after the forms wereremoved. The tomographic

images were generated to

determine the extent (e.g.

depth) of the spalling seen a

the surface. The three image

are cross-sectional slices to

show the interior conditions

of the damaged corner. As

can be seen, the defect was

primarily confined to the

surface of the volume.

This example illustrates the

primary utility of structural

tomography images when

defects are encountered.

The images allowed for theproblem to be isolated and

locally repaired instead of

the entire concrete member

being removed and replaced,

which would have cost a

considerably larger amount o

time and money.

For more information on the capabilities of CSL ,UPV , and CS/DS systems available to use withTOMO - 1, please refer to the individual sections

in this catalog.





di-18

Parallel Seismic » ACI 228.2R

When access to the top of the foundation is limited, the Parallel Seismic test is more accurate and more versatile than

other nondestructive surface techniques for determination of unknown foundation depths.

Parallel Seismic (PS) systems are designed to determine

the length and integrity o oundations when the top is not

accessible or when the pile is too long and slender to test with

echo techniques, or below a buried pile cap. Ultimately, Parallel

Seismic testing provides inormation concerning the length

and compressional velocity o oundations and can be used on

concrete, wood, masonry, and steel oundations. This method

also provides inormation about the soil below the oundation

bottom. It should be noted that this test method requires the

installation o a water-lled or grouted cased borehole.

Freedom Data PC or NDE 360 Required,Sold Separately

Features


- depth accuracy can be determined within 5% or better

More economic and versatile than other equipment/techniques■

used or determination o unknown oundation depths

Method and system allows or testing o piles without excavation■

System is compact, durable, and easily transported,■

allowing or multiple tests per day

IX Foundation, a seismic analysis and display program■

allows the ull range o data to be viewed at one time,

improving the ability to identiy the oundation bottom

Test piles that are partially/totally submerged■

Determine the tip depths o oundations with complex■

geometries such as piles under pile caps

ml avs

PS-1 Model Hydrophone in water-lled, ungrouted cased borehole

PS-1G Model Hydrophone and triaxial geophone for grouted, cased borings

and downhole seismic velocity measurements of soil and rock




Parallel Seismic » ACI 228.2R

Data Example » 2

PSresultsshowinganexampleofaclearbreakinstackeddata

The clear break is seen because the

velocity of the concrete is much highe

than the velocity of the surrounding

soil. When the wave must travel

through more soil below the pile tip,

the wave arrives at the transducer

later in time. This generates a

difference in rst wave arrival times tha

occurs at the tip of the pile indicating it

depth at 50.3 ft in the PS data example

from IX Foundation®.

Method

The PS method is typically perormed in a cased borehole

o 2 inch I.D. (50 mm) or greater which is placed in the

proximity o the oundation in question. The test can also

be perormed using a Cone Penetration Test Rig in sot

soil environments with a special small diameter hydro-phone or 1 inch I.D. (25 mm) casing.

Data Collection

The user riendly PS sotware is written and tested at



you require sotware support, we welcome your

questions and comments. It should be noted that PS

data is usually displayed and analyzed in a program

called IXFoundation® created by Interpex Limited.

Available Models

The Parallel Seismic system is available in two

dierent models which can be run rom Olson’s

Freedom Data PC or NDE 360 Platorms:

1. Parallel Seismic - 1 (PS-1)

2. Parallel Seismic - 1G (PS-1G)

The PS-1 Model is the base model and is most re-

quently used or shorter piles, with a 3 lb instrumented

hammer as the source and a hydrophone receiver.

As a general rule, the longer the pile, the larger the

required hammer.

The PS-1G Model includes a hydrophone and a

triaxial geophone which can be used or PS anddownhole seismic testing. This system can be used to

test a wider distribution o pile lengths with a heavier

sledge hammer used as the source.

The PS-1 + SE/IR-1 + US-1 Models combine

Parallel Seismic (PS) with Sonic Echo/Impulse

Response (SE/IR) and Ultraseismic (US) or

complete oundation testing at a reduced price

because the systems share many common components.

Data Example » 1

PSresultsshowinggoodqualitydata

PS data is acquired and processed

in Olson Instruments SHM

software package. This image

illustrates good quality data

as the signal to noise ratio is

high and a clear compressional

wave arrival is evident. These

data are later imported into

IXFoundation and displayed as

stacked data (see example 2).





di-20

Sonic Echo/Impulse Response is used for low strain integrity testing of piles and determination of deep foundation length

Sonic Echo/Impulse Response » ASTM D5882-07 | ACI 228.2R

Features:


Real-time waveorm display while testing■

System is compact, durable, and easily transported allowing■

or multiple tests per day

Accurate within 5% in determining oundation depth■

Automatic/manual selection o echo events in SE/IR records■

with WinSE/IR sotware and echo depth prediction based on

user input velocity (English or Metric units)

Ability to perorm tests with both accelerometer and■

geophone transducers simultaneously in SE or IR tests or

better data quality than i used individually

Integrate and average acceleration and velocity response data■

to velocity in SE tests or enhanced identiication o echoes

Exponentially ampliy SE data with time to enhance■

weak echoes with 16 bit A/D sampling

Digital iltering o SE data with lowpass, highpass and■

bandpass options to enhance identiication o echo events

and minimize background noise

IR mobility transer unction display (velocity/orce versus■

requency) o IR results to identiy resonant peaks indicative

o echo depths and average mobility

IR lexibility transer unction display (displacement/orce■

versus requency) o IR results to identiy pile head stinessat low requencies and indicate deects

The Sonic Echo/Impulse Response (SE/IR) system is

designed to determine the length and integrity o oundations

when the top or part o the upper side o the oundation is

accessible. This system and its associated methodology can be

used on both new and existing oundations and is perormedby impacting the oundation and recording echoes rom a

deect or the oundation bottom with a nearby receiver(s). It

should be noted that this method works best or columnar

type oundations such as piles and drilled shats, but has also

been used successully on mat oundations, abutment walls,

and similar structures. This technique is applicable on concrete,

wood, and round steel pipe oundations.

The Sonic Echo (SE) method is

normally conducted in conjunction

with the Impulse Response (IR)

method together as the SE/IR

method. Olson does, however,

provide a system that exclusivelyuses the SE methodology without

the IR analyses. This system,

along with its associated sotware,

uses only the time domain

inormation in the data or the

interpretation o refections. The IR option provides the user with

the ability to transorm the data rom the time domain into the

requency domain. The sotware then automatically calculates the

transer and coherence unctions, which may be useul or data

quality analyses as well as providing urther inormation about

refections within the structure.


ml avs

SE-1 Model Process data in time domain

SE/IR-1 Model Process data in both time domain and frequency domain




Sonic Echo/Impulse Response » ASTM D5882-07 | ACI 228.2R

Data Example » 1

This is an example of good

quality accelerometer data

(SE) as evidenced by multiple

reflections. The multiple echoes

are apparent in the bottom plot

from a defect. The first of the

multiple echoes is marked by a

vertical cursor that corresponds

to the depth of a severe necking

defect at ~ 12 ft (3.6 m) below

the shaft top.

Resultsshowinggoodqualityaccelerometer(SE)data

Data Example » 2

ResultsshowinggoodqualityImpulseResponse(IR)dataprocessedfromtheaboveSEdata,Example#1

This is an example of good qualityimpulse response (IR) data as

evidenced by high coherence

(middle plot) over the peaks seen

in the lower plot. These peaks are

displayed in the frequency domain

rather than the time domain as in

SE data. Multiple peaks are clear

and easy to identify, allowing for

more accurate shaft length or

the ~ 12 ft (3.6 m) defect depth

calculations in this case.

Method

The SE/IR method is typically perormed by mounting a

receiver on the top o the oundation and then striking the

top with a hammer. I the top o the oundation is not

accessible, then the receiver and the strike are located as

close to the top as possible. A similar setup is also usedwhen the structure in question is a wall.

Data Collection

The user-riendly SE/IR sotware is written and tested at Olson

Instruments’ corporate oce in Colorado. We do not outsource

any tech support questions and, should you require sotware

support, we welcome your questions and comments.

Available Models

The Sonic Echo/Impulse Response system is available

in two dierent models which can be run rom Olson’s


1. Sonic Echo - 1 (SE-1)

2. Sonic Echo/Impulse Response - 1 (SE/IR-1)

The SE-1 Model is the base model. This system

includes an accelerometer and a hammer with inter-

changeable plastic to rubber tips or one channel o

data acquisition and processing in time domain only.

The SE/IR-1 Model includes a geophone, an

accelerometer, and an instrumented impulse hammer

or three channels o data acquisition and processing

in both the time domain and the requency domain.

The SE/IR-1 + PS-1 + US-1 Model combines Sonic

Echo/Impulse Response (SE/IR) with Parallel

Seismic (PS) and Ultraseismic (US) or complete

oundation testing at a reduced price because the

systems share many common components.





di-22

Developed by Olson Engineering, Inc., Ultraseismic (US) investigations are performed to evaluate the integrity and

determine the length of shallow and deep foundations on complex substructures.

Ultraseismic »

The Ultraseimic (US) system is designed to determine the

length and integrity o oundations when the upper portion o

the structure is accessible but the top is not or when other

tests have led to inconclusive results. US investigations can

be perormed on drilled shats and driven or auger-cast piles.

The investigation can be perormed on shallow wall-shaped

substructures, such as an abutment or a wall pier o a bridge,

provided at least ve to six eet o the side o the structural

element is exposed or mounting instrumentation. The method

is particularly useul in testing abutments and wall piers o

bridges because o the relatively large exposed areas available

or mounting instrumentation.

The Ultraseismic method represents a more sophisticated

approach to the Sonic Echo/Impulse Response (SE/IR) method

(or compressional waves) and the Short Kernel (SKM) method

(or fexural bending waves). The US method was internally

developed by Olson Engineering as a response to diculties

encountered with the SE/IR and SKM (bending wave) methods

when many refecting boundaries are present. The US investigation

method can be perormed on concrete, masonry, stone, and

wood oundations.Features:


— depth accuracy can be determined within 5% or better




IX Foundation, a seismic analysis and display program, allows■

the ull range o data to be viewed at one time, improving

the ability to identiy the oundation bottom

Method is particularly useul in testing abutments and wall■

piers o bridges because o the relatively large exposed

areas available or mounting instrumentation

Method and system allows or testing o piles without■

ull excavation

The use o many receiver locations results in a high level■

o conidence in interpretation

ml avs

US-1 ModelDepth determination of complex substructures

and foundations

US-1 + SE/IR + PS ModelVersatile suite of length and integrity

determination systems





Ultraseismic »

Data Example » 1

To illustrate the concept of the

Ultraseismic investigation, an

example from a Ultraseismic

investigation on a concrete bri

column and footing foundation

is shown. Using IX Foundation®

all the data from the multipl

receiver positions can be

presented in one plot.

Vertical hits on the beam

generate flexural waves

traveling down and up the

column/footing substructure

the accelerometers used in

Ultraseismic test.

Note:

Flexural Wave Velocity = 5,800

Plotshowingseveralclearbreaks,asdepictedbythesolidblacklines.

Available Models

The Ultraseismic systems can be run rom Olson’sFreedom Data PC or NDE 360 Platorms:

1. Ultraseismic - 1 (US-1)

2. Ultraseismic + Sonic Echo/Impulse Response

+ Parallel Seismic System (US-1 + SE/IR-1 + PS-1)

The US-1 Model is the base model. This system

includes an accelerometer and an instrumented

hammer or 2 channels o data acquisition.

The US-1 + SE/IR-1 + PS-1 Model combines

Ultraseismic (US) with Sonic Echo/Impulse

Response (SE/IR) and Parallel Seismic (PS)

or complete oundation testing at a reduced

price because the systems share many common

components.

For more information on the individual capabilities of each method and system included in theUS + SE/IR + PS system, please refer to the

individual sections in this catalog.

Method

The US method is typically perormed by mounting a

receiver on the upper portion o a oundation or wall and

then striking the substructure with an instrumented hammer.

The US method requires at least 3 to 6 t (1 to 1.8 m) o the

oundation be exposed or receiver attachments. The general

rule is that the larger the exposed area, the better the deni-

tion o the refected events.

Data Collection

The user riendly US sotware is written and tested at




questions and comments. It should be noted that US

data is usually displayed and analyzed in a program

called IXFoundation® created by Interpex Limited.

Triaxial Accelerometer

14 ft

6.5 ft Footing Top

Footing Bottom



structura l | PaVEMENt | tuNNEl systEMs


pt-24pt-24

Features:

Economic solution or users who already own either a■

Freedom Data PC or NDE 360

Thickness accuracy ± 2% at high resolution when calibrated■

on a known thickness

Save selected test time/date and spectral thickness results■

or later review

English or Metric units can be used■


Easy velocity calibration at known thickness location■


Works through paint and most types o bonded tile—■

checks tile bonding too




Sotware allows or more sophisticated processing■

Store more data with these systems than with CTG models■

Can be expanded to use Impact Echo Scanning technology■

Impact Echo (IE) systems are designed to determine the

condition and thickness o concrete, wood, stone, and masonry

structural members when voids, honeycomb, and/or cracks aresuspected. IE investigations can also be perormed to predict the

strength o early age concrete i the member thickness is known.

Lastly, the IE method will provide inormation on the depth o

a aw or deect, in addition to mapping its lateral location and

extent. An advantage o the IE method over the Ultrasonic Pulse

Velocity (UPV) method is that only one side o the structure needs

to be accessible or testing.

Other systems based on the Impact Echo principle include Olson

Instruments’ handheld Concrete Thickness Gauge (CTG) ,

see page 6 and the Impact Echo Scanner (IES) , page 26.

Impact Echo (IE) investigations are performed to assess the condition or thickness of slabs, beams, columns, walls,

pavements, runways, tunnels, and dams.

Impact Echo » ASTM C1383-04

Corroded wire strandslocated with Impact Echo

Confirmed defect using Impact Echofrom inside of concrete pipe

Delaminations due to:





Method

In conventional IE investigations, the hammer or

impactor is used to generate compressional waves that

reect back rom the bottom o the tested member or

rom a discontinuity. The response o the system is then

measured by the receiver placed next to the impact

point. Only one relatively smooth and clean surace

needs to be accessible or receiver placement and

hammer or solenoid impact.

Data Collection

The user riendly IE sotware is written and tested at




questions and comments.

Available Models

The Impact Echo system is available in eight dierent

models which can be run rom Olson’s Freedom Data PC

or NDE 360 Platorms:

1. Impact Echo-1 (IE-1)

2. Impact Echo-1 + Super Thin (IE-1-ST)

3. Impact Echo-1 + Surace Wave (IE-1-SW)

4. Impact Echo-1 + Super Thin + Surace Wave

(IE-1-ST-SW)

5. Impact Echo-2 (IE-2)

6. Impact Echo-2 + Super Thin (IE-2-ST)

7. Impact Echo-2 + Surace Wave (IE-2-SW)

8. Impact Echo-2 + Super Thin + Surace Wave

(IE-2-ST-SW)

Impact Echo » ASTM C1383-04

Mode advnge

IE-1 Model Will store more data than CTG systems. Tests concrete between3.2" to 6 ft (81 mm to 1.8 m). Includes impactor solenoid anddisplacement transducer

IE-1-ST Model Allows user to test concrete down to 1.5" (38 mm)

IE-1-SW Model Allows user to perform Surface Wave (SW) tests with 8" arm (203 mm)(see CTG-SW section, page 7 for more details)

IE-1-ST-SW Model Allows user to test concrete down to 1.5" (38 mm) and performSurface Wave (SW) tests

IE-2 Model In addition to impactor solenoid and displacement transducer,includes accelerometer and small impulse hammer

IE-2-ST Model Allows user to test concrete down to 1.5" (38 mm)

IE-2-SW Model Allows user to perform Surface Wave (SW) tests

IE-2-ST-SW Model Allows user to test concrete down to 1.5" (38 mm) and performSurface Wave (SW) tests

Data Example » 1

IE - Concrete Location

Performing the IE

method at a sound

concrete location gives

results similar to the

figure shown. A single,

sharp, clear peak

representing a knownthickness is indicative

of sound concrete. The

slab investigated was

10 inches thick and the

bottom echo results in

a peak at 10 inches.

Impact Echo

Test Head

SourceReceiver

Void

Reflection from slab/void interface




NDE 360™ » One Platform - Multiple NDE TestsImpact Echo Scanner » ASTM C1383-04 (Patented Technology by Olson)

pt-26

Mode advnge

IES Model Allows for rapid Impact Echo testing of large areas

IES-M Model Add a built-in microphone to collect acousticinformation for shallow delamination detection,while collecting IES data

The Impact Echo Scanning (IES) system is designed or large

area investigations o shallow voids, debonding/delamination,

cracking or honeycomb oten ound between an overlay on abridge deck or surrounding dense rebar mats. IES is commonly

used in locating post-tensioning (PT) cables used in reinorcing

various structures and determining duct grout condition. The

scanning technology allows tracing o the PT cables through

slabs and beams. An advantage o the IES method is that only

one side o the structure needs to be accessible or testing.

The IES Method is based on the Olson Engineering patented

technology o a rolling transducer and automated impactor or

near-continuous Impact Echo based thickness and aw scanning

o structural concrete and pavements. Perormed at slow walking

speeds, test results are obtained every inch (25 mm) in a line

and multiple lines can be combined or 2-D to 3-D displays o

concrete thickness and locations o internal void, honeycomb,cracking, delamination, etc. The scanning method is capable o

determining bottom echo thicknesses up to ~ 40 inches (1 m).

Features:

Thickness accuracy ± 2% at high resolution when■

calibrated on a known thickness

Thousands o tests can be perormed per hour when■

“imaging” o internal concrete conditions is required

System is compact, durable, and easily transported■

allowing or multiple tests per day


Sotware allows or more sophisticated processing■




Works through paint and most types o bonded tile—■

checks tile bonding too

Easy velocity calibration at known thickness■

Thickness maps are easily constructed rom data■

Impact Echo Scanner (IES) investigations are performed on large structural members with smooth concrete such

as slabs, walls, bridge decks, beams, pipes, etc. where shallow voids, honeycomb, cracking or delaminations are of

primary concern.




Impact Echo Scanner » ASTM C1383-04 (Patented Technology by Olson)

Data Example » 1

Available Models

The Impact Echo Scanning system is available in two



1. Impact Echo Scanner (IES)

2. Impact Echo Scanner with Microphone (IES-M)

The IES Model is the base model and can be

operated rom either the Freedom Data PC or the NDE

360. There are minor dierences between operating

this system with the Freedom Data PC vs. the NDE

360. The Freedom Data PC provides aster and more

extensive processing capability and additional data

storage space. The feld-riendly NDE 360 is compact

and lightweight. The IES data can be downloaded

rom the NDE 360 to a PC, allowing or the same

post processing available with the Freedom Data PC.

The IES-M Model includes a built-in microphone or

situations where the user wishes to collect acoustic

data simultaneously with IES data to detect deck

delaminations. This system is an add-on test

method or the Freedom Data PC platorm only,

purchased separately.

Sold only to US Government Agencies and Universities,as well as approved International sales. For consultingservices, call 303.423.1212 for details.

Method

In IES investigations, an impactor is used to generate

compressional waves that reect back rom the bottom o

the tested member or rom a discontinuity as sensed by a

rolling displacement transducer. The response o the

system is then measured by the receiver placed next to

the impact point. Only one relatively smooth and clean

surace needs to be accessible or rolling receiver coupling

and solenoid impacting. Water can be applied to the

surace to improve coupling o the receiver.

Data Collection

The user-riendly IES sotware is written and tested at


not outsource any tech support questions and, should you

require sotware support, we welcome your questions

and comments.

The results from IES tests using the portable rolling IE Scanner system are imaged in the above

Tomogram. In the IES testing, the clearest indication of the presence of grouting defects is the

apparent increase in the thickness due to a reduction in the IES resonant frequency as a result of

the decrease in stiffness associated with a defect.


IEs-M Mode:

Freedom Data PCPlatform Only

Data Example » 2

3-D IE Scan Display showing thickened end and possible thicker voided duct areas for 2 m tall wall

over 62 m length with vertical thickness scale of 100 cm (1 m).




pt-28pt-28


Features:


or up to 600 tests per day


Short learning curve or data acquisition and basic processing■

2-D maps are easily generated rom data by exporting the■

tables rom WinSIR into Excel



Mode advnge

SIR-1 Model Complete system for testing of slabs-on-ground

SIR-2 Model Allows the user to test slabs and to expand testing totunnels, inclined spillways, etc.

The Slab Impulse Response (SIR) system is designed to

identiy subgrade voids below slabs-on-grade less than two eet

thick. In addition, the Slab IR test method can be used on other

concrete structures to quickly locate areas with delaminations or

voids in the concrete, i the damage is relatively shallow. Slab

IR can be perormed on reinorced and non-reinorced concrete

slabs as well as asphalt or asphalt-overlay slabs.

The Slab IR method is oten used in conjunction with GPR

or subgrade void detection and mapping. Collecting Slab IR

data at multiple, densely spaced locations can improve the

conclusions by mapping relative areas o higher and lower

mobility. Relatively low mobility (velocity/orce) and exibility

(displacement/orce) qualitatively indicates that such an area

appears to be more solidly supported than an area with

relatively high mobility and exibility.

The Slab Impulse Response method is excellent for evaluating the condition of slab subgrade and tunnel lining support.

Slab Impulse Response » ASTM C1740-10 | ACI 228.2R




Slab Impulse Response » ACI 228.2R

Method

Conventional SIR testing requires access to the top o the

slab. The vertical geophone receiver is mounted to the

surace o the slab adjacent to the impact location andgenerally 3-4 inches away. Once the slab top is impacted

with an impulse hammer, the response o the slab is

monitored by the geophone. The hammer input and the

receiver output are recorded by an Olson Instruments

Freedom Data PC or NDE 360 equipped with the Slab

Impulse Response System (SIR-1). In easy access areas,

400-600 Slab IR tests can be perormed in an 8 hour

workday. Once all o the data is collected, it can be

processed with the WinSIR sotware provided, imported into

a spreadsheet program, and then contour mapped.

Data Collection

The user-riendly SIR sotware is written and tested at Olson




Available Models

The Slab Impulse Response system is available in two



1. Slab Impulse Response - 1 (SIR-1)

2. Slab Impulse Response - 2 (SIR-2)

The SIR-1 Model includes a vertical geophone transducer

or at slabs, an instrumented hammer, cables, and theacquisition/processing sotware. This system can be easily

used to test slabs-on-grade and then create 2-D contour maps

by importing the results table into programs like Excel. These

renderings are oten a valuable resource or isolating and

repairing voids below slabs-on-grade.

The SIR-2 Model includes the addition o an omni-

directional velocity transducer to perorm tests on walls

and ceilings o concrete beams and tunnels.

Data Example » 1

Deemine e of void/poo bgde ppo nd wedonee ondiion wih sb Impe repone

Data Example » 2

Subgrade support condition evaluation

parameters:

Mean mobility (in/sec/lbf)■

Shape of the mobility plot at frequencies abov■

the initial straight-line portion of the curve

(between 100 to 800 Hz in this investigation

Initial slope of the mobility plot gives■

the low-strain flexibility (in/lbf) of the

spillway-subgrade system

Interpretation Pitfalls

Slab thickness■

Local reinforcement■

Local joints/seams■

Good subgrade support –

low, smooth mobility.

Poor subgrade support –

high, irregular mobility




pt-30


Features:

Receivers mounted on the SASW-S bar allow or ast and■

accurate ield measurements




Measurements accurate to within 5% or the determination o ■

the thickness and stiness o the top layer in a pavement

system or o the concrete liner o a tunnelAcquisition and analysis sotware are compatible and easy to■

use yielding ast and accurate results

Mode advnge

SASW-S Model Rapidly performs SASW tests with receiver spacingsbetween 2.4" and 31.5" (6 and 80 cm). Includes SASW Bar.

SASW-A Model Performs testing with accelerometer receiver spacings up to12 ft (3.6 m). Does not include SASW Bar.

SASW-SA Model Most complete SASW system. Includes SASW Bar and twoaccelerometers for testing with receiver spacings up to12 ft (3.6 m).

Opion advnge

WINSASW Software Allows determination of pavement system proles

The Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves (SASW-S) system is

designed or the ollowing applications:

1. Condition assessment o concrete, including liners in tunnels,

slabs, and other structural concrete members.2. Evaluation o alkali-silica, fre, reeze-thaw and other cracking

damage.

3. Surace-opening crack depth measurement.

4. Determination o abutment depths o bridges.

5. Determination o pavement system profles including thesurace layer, base and subgrade materials with optionalWINSASW sotware.

The SASW method uses the dispersive characteristics o surace

(Rayleigh) waves to determine the variation o the shear wave

velocity (stiness) o layered systems with depth. The SASW

testing is applied rom the surace making it both nondestructive

and non-intrusive. Once the shear wave velocity profles are

determined, shear and Young’s moduli o the materials can be

calculated through the use o simple mathematical equations.

I optional WINSASW sotware is purchased, shear wave velocity

profles can be determined rom experimental dispersion curves

(surace wave velocity versus wavelength) and compared to actual

SASW measurements through a process called orward modeling

or through an inversion process. This allows the user to fnd

the best thickness and stiness model or the layered system o

interest. The SASW method can be perormed on any material

provided there is an accessible surace or receiver attachments.

SASW is also used or geophysical purposes in estimating shear

wave velocity o soils and rock (see the SASW Section in the

Geophysical Engineering Section, page 38) .

Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves (SASW) investigations are typically applied to assess material stiffness and

condition, and layer thickness.

Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves-S » ACI 228.2R



structura l | PaVEMENt | tuNN El systEM

Available Models

The Spectral Analysis o Surace Waves system is

available in three dierent models which can be run

rom Olson’s Freedom Data PC or NDE 360 Platorms:

1. Spectral Analysis o Surace Waves - S (SASW-S)

2. Spectral Analysis o Surace Waves - A (SASW-A)

3. Spectral Analysis o Surace Waves - SA (SASW-SA)

The SASW-S Model is the base model and includes

the SASW receivers mounted to the SASW bar, the

SASW cable, and ball-peen hammers or impacting

the surace. This system is used or testing with receiver

spacings between 2.4" and 31.5" (61 mm and .8 m).

These spacings are appropriate or depth investiga-

tions down to approximately 2.6 t (0.8 m).

The SASW-A Model is comprised o two accelerometers.

This system is appropriate or testing with receiver

spacings up to 12 t (3.6 m).

The SASW-SA Model is the most complete SASW

system as it includes both the SASW bar and a two

accelerometers, which will allow or investigations up

to approximately 12 t (3.6 m).

Method

The SASW method requires an accessible surace or receiver

attachments. The extent o the accessible surace limits the

investigation depth. As a rule o thumb, in order to investi-

gate material properties to a depth D, the line o receivers

on the surace must extend to at least a distance equal to

1.5D, preerably 2D. Once the receivers are mounted to the

surace, acoustic energy is generated by an impactor and

measured on the receivers.

Data Collection

The user-riendly SASW sotware is written and tested at Olson



support, we welcome your questions and comments. It should

be noted the SASW-S data is usually displayed and analyzed

with our WinSW sotware. Additionally, more detailed analysis

and modeling is possible with a program called WINSASW,

available rom the University o Austin Texas.

Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves-S » ACI 228.2R

Data Example » 1

SASW results showing good quality data taken

on good quality concrete

It’s important in the field to lim

the accepted data to those wav

forms that originate at zero vol

with good repeatability. Once th

data is accepted, it is important t

check the coherence and the phas

analysis of the data, which appea

in the lower two plots. Good quali

data on good quality concrete

consists of high coherence and

multiple saw-tooth phase cycles.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/catalogo-olson-instruments 32/44pt-32

Mode advnge

UPV-1 Model Complete system for testing compression wave velocity and aw detection

SPV-1 Model Test mass concrete up to 20 ft (6 m) in thickness

SPV-2 Model Allows for larger impacts of mass concrete over 20 ft (6 m) in thickness

Opion advnge

Tomo-1 Software Allows the user to perform and display tomographic inversions of UPV/SPVdata which provides 2-D or 3-D velocity images of the tested materials

The Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) systems are designed to

identiy and map voids, honeycomb, cracks, delaminations, and

other damage in concrete, wood, masonry, stone, ceramics, andmetal materials. UPV tests are also perormed to predict strength

o early age concrete. The UPV methodology relies on direct

arrival o compressional waves, which are generated by sources

with resonant requencies ranging rom 50 to 150 kHz. The

highest resonant requency sources/receivers are typically used

with thinner structural members or higher resolution and smaller

anomaly identifcation.

The test is perormed by positioning the source and receiver

on either side o the area in question, then the source sends a

compressional wave through the region, and the receiver records

the ull waveorm on the other side. The position o the two

transducers can be varied such that direct, semi-direct, and indirect

tests can be perormed, which aids in mapping out the volume o the deect. Further tests can be perormed i the user wishes to

generate a 3-D rendering o the volume in question. This is done

by testing many dierent “paths” through the medium and then

using a tomographic inversion program to generate a model. For

more inormation about the tomographic inversion sotware, see

the Tomographic Imaging Section , page 14.

Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) investigations are performed to assess the condition of structural members such as

elevated slabs, beams, and columns when access to both sides is available. Sonic Pulse Velocity (SPV) is performed

on mass concrete over 10 ft (3 m) in thickness.


Features:

~ 50 kHz UPV transducers standard■

Short learning curve or data acquisition and basic processing■




2-D maps are easily generated rom data by exporting the■

tables rom WinUPV into Excel

Tomographic velocity images can be generated rom this data■

giving the user a 2-D or 3-D visual tool o the region in question


System includes a calibration bar as per ASTM and other standards■

Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity/Sonic Pulse Velocity » ASTM C597-02, E494-95 | BSI 98/105795 | ACI 22

Direct Transmission Semi-Direct Transmission Indirect Transmission

Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Assess the condition of stru ctura l members wit h 2 s ided access




structura l | PaVEMENt | tuNN El systEM

Available Models

The Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity/Sonic Pulse Velocity systems

are available in three dierent models which can be run

rom the Freedom Data PC or NDE 360 Platorms:

1. Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity - 1 (UPV-1)2. Sonic Pulse Velocity - 1 (SPV-1)

3. Sonic Pulse Velocity - 2 (SPV-2)

The UPV-1 Model includes a pair o waterproo 50 kHz

transducers, the necessary cables and modules or running

this system, and the acquisition/processing sotware. This

system can be easily used to test a variety o “paths”

through a medium and then create 2-D contour maps by

importing the results table into a spreadsheet program.

The SPV-1 Model includes a 0.2 lb (0.1 Kg) impulse

hammer and accelerometer receiver to test mass concrete

up to 20 t (6 m) in thickness. The SPV data can also be

input into TOMO-1 to provide velocity tomograms.

The SPV-2 Model includes a pair o accelerometer receivers

or larger impacts o mass concrete over 20 t (6 m) in

thickness. The SPV data can also be input into TOMO-1

to provide velocity tomograms.

Purchase the Tomo-1 Option, (tomographic imaging/

visualization sotware) and your data can be inverted,

and 2-D or 3-D models can be created o the volume in

question. These renderings are oten a valuable resource

or isolating and repairing deects.

Method

Conventional UPV testing requires access to two suraces,

preerably two parallel suraces such as the top and bottom

suraces o a slab or the inside and outside suraces o a wall.This test can be perormed, however, using the indirect

method (fgure on previous page) which does not require

access to two suraces. In deect areas, the compressional

wave velocity is slower than in sound areas and signal

amplitude is oten lower. For structural members containing

large, severe voids, signal transmission may be completely

lost. In some deect areas, such as honeycombs, the

compressional wave velocity may be almost the same as in

sound areas, but distortion o the signal (fltering o high

requencies) may be used as an indication o a honeycomb deect.

Data Collection

The user-riendly UPV sotware is written and tested at OlsonInstruments’ corporate oce in Colorado. We do not outsource


support, we welcome your questions and comments. For more

inormation about the inversion program, GEOTOM®, and the

visualization program, Slicer Dicer®, please eel ree to contact

our corporate oce.

Data Example » 1

3 Requirements for Good Quality UPV Signals

A signal generated from the UPV

test method can be considered a

good signal if it meets all three

of the following requirements as

shown:

1) The signal should begin ororiginate at the origin, zeropoint, of the graph.

2) The arrival time of the wave

should be very clear andapparent, regardless if itbreaks up or down.

3) The signal should not be clipped.

ULTRASONIC PULSE VELOCITY AND TOMOGRAPHY IMAGING OF INTERNAL

HONEYCOMB/VOID IN

CONCRETE H IGHWAY

S IGN COLUMN

2-D VELOCITY TOMOGRAMOF COLUMN identifies slowvelocity zones indicative of internal poor quality concretedue to poor consolidation ina horizontal slice and goodconcrete

UPV DATA from 5 N-S and 5 E-Wtests on a 1 ft grid was used on

the tomogram shown. Angledrays and more tests producemore accurate images

Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity/Sonic Pulse Velocity » ASTM C597-02, E494-95 | BSI 98/105795 | ACI 228





pt-34pt-34

Multiple Impact Surface Waves »

Features:

Surace pavement layer thickness can typically be determined■

to ~ 0.2 to 0.4 inches (~ 5 to 10 mm) along with Young’smoduli (asphalt moduli is temperature corrected)

Real-time waveorm display and surace layer data processing■

while testing

NDE 360 MISW systems are compact, durable, and easily■

transported allowing or multiple tests per day and ieldanalysis o top layer results

Freedom Data PC MISW system allows or ield analysis o ■

top layer results and more detailed ield processing o data

MISW oers improved accuracy vs. other surace wave■

methods or thickness/Young’s Moduli proiles

SeisNDT-SL Single Layer sotware (by Dr. Nils Ryden) or QA■

o thickness/moduli o pavement (asphalt/concrete), base

(gravel, cement, or lime-treated roadbase materials), andsubgrade layers during new construction

SeisNDT-ML Multiple Layer sotware or orensic thickness/■

moduli determination o pavements and other layered

systems (includes SeisNDT-SL or Single Layer Systems)

Multiple Impact Surface Waves (MISW) systems are designed

to measure asphalt and concrete pavement surace layer (Single

Layer sotware) thicknesses to within ~ 0.2 to 0.4 inches (~ 5

to 10 mm) when calibrated with limited cores. In addition, the

MISW system can be used to measure surace wave velocity

profles vs. depth rom which Young’s (elastic) moduli and

layer thicknesses are determined (Single Layer and Multiple

Layer sotware options). The pavement layer thickness/

moduli profle is used or mechanistic-empirical pavement

design and rehabilitation studies. The MISW system can be

used or Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) purposes

or each layer o a pavement system during construction to

provide pavement system layer thickness, typically the surace

pavement layer, and moduli data or pavement, base, and

subgrade layers. In pavement rehabilitation projects, MISW can

be used to measure asphalt/concrete thickness/moduli as well

as the thickness/moduli o the underlying base, and subgradelayers o pavement systems.

The MISW test method utilizes many o the same principles,

equations, and data collection procedures as the SASW method

(see SASW-S section). The dierences between the two methods

are predominantly in the data collection and processing where

the MISW method is based on multichannel data processing

techniques, developed or the Multichannel Analysis o Surace

Waves (MASW) method. All o the data taken during MISW

testing is analyzed together to create a dispersion image or

phase velocity spectrum.

Multiple Impact Surface Wave (MISW) investigations are used in QA or forensic investigation of subgrade, base and

top asphalt /concrete pavement layers as well as for structures and tunnels.

Mode advnge

MISW-SL For thickness/moduli of surface pavement layer (asphalt/concrete)& moduli of base and subgrade materials as they are placed.

Opion advnge

MISW-ML Includes the theoretical modeling package for determination ofthickness/moduli proles of multiple and single layer systems.




Multiple Impact Surface Waves »

Method

In typical MISW tests, the generated surace waves are

measured with an accelerometer fxed at zero oset. Thetesting proceeds by generating triggered hammer impacts

out to a predetermined distance at fxed intervals o 2 to 8

inches (50 to 200 mm) and measuring the associated

surace wave responses at the accelerometer. All recorded

signals are then compiled to make an equivalent multi-

channel record that can be transormed to a phase velocity

spectrum similar to the Multichannel Analysis o Surace

Waves (MASW) technique.

Data Collection

The user-riendly MISW SeisNDT sotware was written by

Dr. Nils Ryden. This sotware has been extensively tested

at Olson Instruments’ corporate oce in Colorado and usedor various projects. We do not outsource any tech support

questions and, should you require sotware support, we

welcome your questions and comments.

Available Models

The Multiple Impact Surace Wave system is available in

two dierent models which can be run rom the Freedom

Data PC or NDE 360 Platorms:

1. Multiple Impact Surace Waves – SL-1 (MISW-SL-1)

2. Multiple Impact Surace Waves – ML-1 (MISW-ML-1)

The MISW-SL Model is the base model. This system

includes the equipment and basic sotware required orperorming MISW testing o single (top) layers, but does

not include the modeling sotware or multiple layer systems.

The MISW-ML Model includes the theoretical modeling

sotware or multiple layer investigations o pavements

(inversion), structures and tunnels making it the most

complete MISW system available as it can also be used on

single layer systems or QA o new pavement systems.

The MISW systems share many common attributes with

the Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves-S (SASW-S) ,

system. For more inormation on the above mentioned test

method, please reer to the individual section in this catalog.


Data Example » 1

Multiple Impact Surface Waves (MISW) approach to Seismic Pavement Testin

The MISW method is shown on the top lef t above with the resulting multiple impact surface wave

data record in the top right. The time domain data is transformed to the frequency phase veloci

domain as shown in the bottom center. At higher frequencies (+12,000 Hz in the bottom center

figure) and shorter wavelengths the symmetric (compressional – S0 is the fundamental mode) an

anti-symmetric (flexural – A0 is the fundamental mode) wave propagation modes combine as the

surface wave velocity in the top layer of a pavement system. At lower frequencies (< 2000 Hz in

the bottom center figure) the multiple wave propagation modes are analyzed together to deter-

mine the thickness/shear wave velocity/Young’s moduli profiles of pavement, base and subgrade

layers with the multiple layer theoretical modeling software to match the experimental frequenc

phase velocity domain data that is shown.

Resulting Multiple Impact Record

Data Acquisition using (1) source and (1) receiver

Data Example » 2

Multiple Impact Surface Waves (MISW) — Asphalt Results

This data (left side of plot) is typical for testing of the surface pavement layer, in this case aspha

By assuming a free plate for the top asphalt (or concrete) pavement layer, one can simply match

S0 and A0 modes (see top right plot) and determine the S1 mode (impact echo thickness resonan

frequency – see blue vertical cursor line in bottom right plot) to get the thickness (h), shear wav

velocity (Vs) and Poisson’s ratio properties for the surface pavement layer (shown in the top right plot



Geophysical systems

NDE 360™ » One Platorm - Multiple NDE Tests

eo-36

Crosshole/Downhole Seismic » ASTM D4428/D4428M-07/D7400-08(DS)

Features:


Thin layers, which are oten invisible to surace methods,■

can be detected with CS/DS investigations

Acquisition and processing sotware are easy to use,■

yielding ast and accurate results

CS method is the most accurate method or determining■

material properties o rock and soil sites

Accuracy and resolution or the CS test method are constant■

or all test depths, whereas the accuracy and resolution orthe DS surace method decreases with depth

Sources and receivers can be oriented with inclinometer■

casing dummy probes

P-SV source used in CS tests can impact in the vertical,■

transverse, and radial directions

Correlation between CS and Spectral Analysis o Surace■

Waves (SASW) tests on soil sites showed that the values

rom both tests typically compare within a 10-15% dierence

The Crosshole Seismic (CS) system and method determine shear

and compressional wave velocity versus depth proles. From these

measurements, parameters, such as Poisson’s ratios and moduli,

can be easily determined. In addition, the material damping can be

determined rom CS tests. These dynamic soil and rock propertiesare oten utilized or earthquake design analyses necessary or

certain structures, liqueaction potential studies, site development,

and dynamic machine oundation design. The most complete version

o this downhole system, as manuactured by Olson Instruments,

includes a borehole source capable o generating shear and

compressional waves and a pair o matching three component

triaxial geophone receivers. These instruments are lowered to the

same depth in boreholes set at ~ 10 t (3 m) apart in a line.

The instruments are coupled to the side o the grouted borehole

inclinometer casing, allowing or the detection o shear and

compressional waves as they pass between the receivers.

The Downhole Seismic (DS) investigations are similar to CS

investigations, but require only one borehole to provide shear andcompressional velocity wave proles. The DS method uses a hammer

source at the surace to impact a wood plank and generate shear

and compressional waves. This is typically accomplished by coupling

a plank to the ground near the borehole and then impacting the

plank in the vertical and horizontal directions. The energy rom these

impacts is then received by a single or pair (preerred) o matching

three component geophone receivers, which have been lowered

downhole and are spaced 5 to 10 t (1.5 to 3 m) apart.

Crosshole/Downhole Seismic (CS/DS) investigations provide information on dynamic soil and rock properties.

md advng

CS/DS-1 Model This system includes one triaxial geophone and an accel-

erometer, used for triggering purposes. It allows for directpath measurements associated with each set of impacts.Most cost effective system for testing.

CS/DS-2 Model(shown in photo at left)

This system includes two triaxial geophones and anaccelerometer allowing for dual path measurementsassociated with each set of impacts. Most time effectivesystem for testing.

on advng

P-SV Source This component allows for accurate and rapid triggeringin CS testing by directly impacting the borehole casing.The source is congured for use with the above mentionedsystems.

Tomo-1 Software Allows the user to perform and display tomographicinversions of CS/DS seismic velocity data which provides2-D or 3-D shear or compressional wave velocity images of

soil and rock

CS/DS -2 System

Optional P-SV Source

CS/DS -1 System



Geophysical systems

SV

P

Tria

Geo

Rec

Optional

P-SV Source Receiver 1

Optional

Receiver 2

Dummy

Probes

Dummy

Probe

Triple Port

Manifold

SV

P

All of the CS/DS Models

are compatible with Olson

Instrument’s p-sV sur.

This component provides

the user with the most

accurate and rapid methodof generating impacts.

Crosshole/Downhole Seismic » ASTM D4428/D4428M-07/D7400-08(DS)

Method

The CS investigation requires drilling o two or more (ideally

three) boreholes cased with PVC or slope inclinometer casing

or deeper borings up to 328 t (100 m), and grouted in

accordance with ASTM standards to ensure good

transmission o wave energy. The boreholes are typically 4-6

inches in diameter cased with 2.32 to 3 inch (59 to 76 mm)

I.D. casing, not to exceed 4 inches (102 mm) I.D. The testing

is simplied i inclinometer casing is used rather than normal

PVC pipe. Typical distances between adjacent in-line

boreholes are on the order o 10 t (3 m). The testing is

perormed by lowering both the source and receiver(s) to an

investigation depth, iring the source, and recording the

energy with the receivers.

The DS investigation requires drilling a single borehole

with similar specications as listed above, except that only

a single grouted 2 inch (50 mm) to 3 inch (76 mm) I.D. PVC

casing is needed, not to exceed 4 inches (102 mmm) I.D.The testing is perormed by lowering the receiver(s) to an

investigation depth, impacting the coupled surace plank,

and recording the energy with the receivers.

Data Collection

The user riendly CS/DS sotware is written and tested at Olson




Available Models

The Crosshole/Downhole Seismic system is available in

two dierent models with an optional P-SV Source. All

systems require the Olson Instruments Freedom Data PC

platorm or testing:

1. Crosshole/Downhole Seismic - 1 (CS/DS-1)

2. Crosshole/Downhole Seismic - 2 (CS/DS-2)

The CS/DS-1 Model is the base model or Crosshole

or Downhole Seismic testing. This system includes one

triaxial geophone and one accelerometer allowing or

direct path measurements associated with each set o

impacts, either in the borehole i a downhole source is

used (CS) or on the surace i a downhole source is not

used (DS). Specically, this system can be used to test the

material between the impact and the receiver’s location inthe borehole.

The CS/DS-2 Model includes two geophones and an

accelerometer allowing or dual path measurements

associated with each set o impacts, either in the borehole

or on the surace. Specically, this system can be used to

test the material between the impact and the receivers’

location in the borehole(s). This DS-2 system perorms the

Data Example » 1

Screen shot from an Olson Instruments Freedom Data PC showing awaveform recorded during a Crosshole Seismic test.




Geophysical systems


eo-38

Optional SASW-S Bar and

Extension Arm or:

SASW-S+ G4 or G8 Models

Spectral Analysis o Surace Waves - G » ACI 228.2R

Features:


System is compact, durable, and easily transported, allowing■



SASW measurements are accurate to within 5% or the■

determination o the thickness and stiness o the toplayer in a pavement system

Correlation between SASW and Crosshole Seismic (CS) tests■

on soil sites showed that the values rom both tests typically

compare within a 10% dierence

Acquisition and modeling sotware are compatible and easy■

to use, yielding ast and accurate results

The Spectral Analysis o Surace Waves (SASW-G) system is

designed to measure the in-place shear wave velocity prole

o soil and rock without requiring a borehole. In general, the

method uses the dispersive characteristics o surace waves to

determine the variation o the shear wave velocity (stiness)

o layered systems with depth. Once the shear wave velocity

proles are determined, shear and Young’s moduli o the

materials can be estimated through the use o elastic wave

theory equations. The shear wave velocity proles (shear wave

velocity versus depth) are determined rom the experimental

dispersion curves (surace wave velocity versus wavelength)

obtained rom SASW-G measurements through a process called

orward modeling or through an inversion process. The SASW-G

method has been applied to soil sites with measurement depths

exceeding 150 eet. It should be noted that the method requires

an accessible area on the surace with a length equal to or

greater than the measurement depth required. The method can

applied on both bare ground as well as paved suraces. Add the

SASW-S bar or structural and pavement applications.

Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves Geophysical (SASW-G) investigations are typically applied to assess material

properties of soil and rock.

md advng

SASW-G4 Model Four channel SASW-G system with a pair of 1 Hzgeophones and a pair of 4.5 Hz geophones. Mostcost effective system.

SASW-G8 Model Eight channel SASW-G system with four 1 Hz geophones

and four 4.5 Hz geophones. Allows for more rapid testingthan the SASW-G4 Base Model.

SASW-S+G8 Model Most complete SASW system which includes structuraland geophysical options.


sasW-G8 md:

Freedom Data PC

Platform Only



Geophysical systems

g

Spectral Analysis o Surace Waves - G » ACI 228.2R

Method

The SASW-G method requires an accessible surace or receiver

attachments. The extent o the accessible surace limits the

investigation depth. As a rule o thumb, in order to investigate

material properties to a depth D, the line o receivers on the

surace must extend to a distance equal to 1.5D, preerably 2D.

Once the receivers are mounted to the surace, acoustic energy

is generated by an impactor and measured on the receivers.

Data Collection

The user-riendly SASW sotware is written and tested at Olson



support, we welcome your questions and comments. It should

be noted SASW-G data is usually displayed and analyzed in a

program called WINSASW, available rom the University o

Texas at Austin.

Available Models

The Spectral Analysis o Surace Waves – Geophysical system

(SASW-G) is available in three dierent models:

1. Spectral Analysis o Surace Waves – G4 (SASW-G4)

2. Spectral Analysis o Surace Waves – G8 (SASW-G8)

3. Spectral Analysis o Surace Waves – S+G8 (SASW-S+G8)

The SASW-G4 Model is the base model or Spectral Analysis

o Surace Wave testing, and can be run rom the Freedom

Data PC or NDE 360 platorms. This system includes a pair o

1 Hz geophones, a pair o 4.5 Hz geophones, a our channel

module, and associated connection cables.

The SASW-G8 Model can be run rom the Freedom Data PC

only. The system includes our 1 Hz geophones, our 4.5 Hzgeophones, an eight channel module, and associated connection

cables. This system allows or aster testing than the SASW-G4

model.

The SASW-S + G4/G8 Models can be run rom the

Freedom Data PC only. The system includes all parts listed

or the SASW-G8 system and SASW-S system (see the SASW-S

Section, page 30) . This is the most complete SASW system

available.

Ground Level

source

Freedom DATA

d1 = 2’‘ to 300’

receivers

Subsurface

SASW - Spectral Analysis of Surface WavesDetermination of Pavement and Soil Velocity Profiles

d1d1

d1/2

u p

t o

3 0 0 ’

R1 R2

Data Example » 1

Example SASW-S shear wave velocity profile data for seismic building design



Geophysical systems


eo-40

Seismic Reraction/Seismic Refection » ASTM D5777-00 /ASTM D7128-05

Features:




System includes a 12-channel geophone (4.5 Hz) string■

with ~ 10 t (~ 3 m) spacings and a 100 t (~ 30 m)

extension cable or lexible testing setups

The National Instruments 16 bit A/D data acquisition card■

with a maximum sampling rate o 64,000 samples/secondor 13 channels allows or user programmable gain rom x1

to x10,000 on the channels which makes the sensitivity

equivalent to a 24 bit seismic system

Data is acquired by triggering o o a single 4.5 Hz trigger■

geophone spiked in the ground by the impact point to record

the source impact (sledgehammer, shotgun or other impact

source not included)


Data is exported in SEG2 ormat which allows or analysis■

with both IXRerax® and Relexw® optional sotware

packages, as well 3rd party seismic data analysis programs

The Seismic Reraction & Refection (SRR) system is designed

to allow or either seismic reraction or seismic refection data

acquisition. The SRR system, which is designed or shallow

surveys, can also be used or detecting voids in large civil

structures such as dams (seismic refection).

Seismic Reraction surveys are used or excavation purposes

to map the bedrock depth and evaluate rock rippability. Seismic

reraction measurements are applicable in mapping subsurace

conditions or various uses including geologic, geotechnical,

hydrologic, environmental, mineral exploration, petroleum ex-

ploration, and archaeological investigations. Seismic Reraction

investigations are commonly used to determine layer thick-

ness and/or the subsurace compressional wave velocity o the

overburden and underlying bedrock or to water table, stratigra-

phy, lithology, structure, and ractures. This inherently shallow

technique requires that compressional seismic wave velocities

increase with depth so wave reraction occurs.

Seismic Refection surveys are used to map, detect, and

delineate geologic conditions including the bedrock surace,

conning layers (aquitards), aults, lithologic stratigraphy,

voids, water table, racture systems, and layer geometry (olds).

This methodology requires that the target be suciently deep, so

that the incoming refected wave arrives ater the surace wave

generated rom the impact. Near-surace seismic-refection data

are generally high-resolution (dominant requency above 80 Hz)

and image depths rom around 20 t (6 m) to as much as several

hundred eet (100+ meters).

Seismic Refraction investigations are commonly used to determine bedrock depth & rippability. Seismic Reection

surveys are used to map, detect, & delineate geologic conditions including the bedrock surface, voids, water table

and layer geometry (folds).

md advng

SRR-1 Model Complete system for acquiring both seismic reection andrefraction data

on advng

IXRefrax® Refraction Software

Allows the user to account for topography, perform necessainversions, and create 2-D forward models for refraction suin a quick and easy fashion with state-of-the-art analysis

Reexw® Reection/Refraction Software

Allows the user to create module type processing for 2-Ddata analysis and 3-D interpretation. More complex and

comprehensive processing software.



Geophysical systems

Seismic Reraction/Seismic Refection » ASTM D5777-00 /ASTM D7128-05

Method

In typical Seismic Reraction and Refection tests, the

geophone string is secured to the ground surace along

a survey line using the spikes attached to each individual

geophone and the roaming geophone is placed near

the impact point(s). The testing proceeds by generating

hammer impacts at various locations along and near the

geophone string. All recorded signals are then compiled

and analyzed. The acquisition procedures and processing

techniques are dependent on the type o survey being

conducted and the target o the investigation. Seismic

reraction requires that the seismic velocity increase

with increasing depth (otherwise SASW should be used).

This allows or analysis o the wave reracted along the

boundary o the overburden and underlying bedrock.

Seismic refection surveys require that the target is

suciently deep so that the surace wave rom the impact

does not interere with the refected wave.

Data Collection

The user-riendly SHM acquisition sotware is written and

tested at Olson Instruments’ corporate oce in Colorado. The

two available processing packages, IXRerax® and Refexw®,

were created by ©Interpex and ©Sandmeier Scientic Sotware

respectively. We do not outsource any tech support questions

and, should you require sotware support, we welcome your

questions and comments.

Available Models

The Seismic Reraction/Refection system is available in a

single model, which can be run rom the Freedom Data PC:

1. Seismic Reraction/Refection – 1 (SRR-1)

The SRR-1 Model is the base model or acquiring both

seismic refection and reraction data with a 12 channel

geophone string (4.5 Hz geophones spaced at 10 t or 3m

with 100 t or 30 m extension cable) plus an impact trigger

geophone. Export raw data to SEG-2 les or analysis with

3rd party seismic reraction and/or refection geophysical

sotware.

I the user wishes to utilize either o the compatible process-ing sotware packages mentioned on the previous page in the

bottom right table, they can be incorporated into the SRR-1

model above.

Data Example » 1

Seismic Refraction bedrock profile on highway hillside. Elevation andtopography features are accounted for in the bedrock profile display


Data Example » 2

Seismic Reflection survey results from top of concrete dam spillway overcyclopean masonry/rubble fill. Note the depth to the bottom of the top slab andreflections from apparent deeper voids



Olson Instruments Platforms

❏ Freedom Data PC

❏ Freedom DAS PC

❏ NDE 360

❏ Concrete Thickness Gauges

❏ Resonance Tester (for Lab Use Only)

Available System Add-Ons for Freedom Data PC/NDE 360

❏ *Crosshole/Downhole Seismic [CS/DS]

❏ *Crosshole Sonic Logging [CSL]

❏ Impact Echo [IE]

❏ Impact Echo Scanning [IES]

❏ Multiple Impact Surface Waves [MISW]

❏ Parallel Seismic [PS]

❏ Resonance Testing

❏ *Seismic Refraction/Reection [SRR]

❏ Slab Impulse Response [SIR]

❏ Sonic Echo/Impulse Response [SE/IR]

❏ Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves-G [SASW-G]

❏ Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves-S [SASW-S]

❏ Tomographic Imaging Software [for CSL, UPV and CS/DS]

❏ Ultraseismic [US]

❏ Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity [UPV]

* Not available on the NDE 360 Platform

Questions for Olson:

Notes:

Select Your Equipment Interest(s):

Purchase Worksheet

Contact Olson:

12401 W. 49th Avenue


Toll Free: 1.888.423.1214

Ph: 303.423.1212

Fax: 303.423.6071

email: [email protected]

www.OlsonInstruments.com

www.OlsonEngineering.com

Olson Instruments, Inc.



Equipment in use at

various job sites.



12401 W. 49th Avenue


Toll Free: 1.888.423.1214

Ph: 303 423 1212

Olson Instruments, Inc .

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