casino over under presentation brochure

HOW TO PLAY CASINO OVER UNDER Place an ante and bonus (optional) to get one card face up.

After seeing the card, either fold and lose the ante or match the amount of your ante and

place those chips in the spot marked over 23 or under 18. Aces are always worth 11.

The three card total resolves all wagers. The base over under ante and declaration pay even

money and the bonus pays in accordance with the paytable being used.

BEST FEATURES

Best hands/hour pace in table games.

Players pick it up in seconds and it doesn’t take them long to get comfortable playing.

The house can determine the exact HA they desire by modifying the number of decks

and/or modifying the pay table.

Thus far almost all players have played the base game and the bonus together as opposed

to just playing the base over/under game alone.

Dealers are efficiently trained with ease.

Which is the best game for beginners?

Casino Over Under® is less intimidating. The game was purposefully created in a way that

no player can possibly make a mistake that could cost another player a win.

Although both games are easy, Casino Over Under® is much easier to play optimally.

More winning = Happier players!

There are fewer decisions in Casino Over Under® and unlike Blackjack most of the

decisions in Casino Over Under® are no-brainers.

Since the values of the cards are the same with the exception of aces always being 11,

Casino Over Under® is a great counting game that will prepare players to eventually play

Blackjack.

The Ultimate Starter Game It makes no sense for players to get fed to the wolves by playing Blackjack as their first

experience.

MGM Resorts already intelligently does a fantastic job of prepping their new players by

offering classes. Why not have a beginner game for them to get their feet wet?

If a person puts skis on for the first time they aren’t going straight to the intermediate

course after their first course on the basics. Rather, they go to the bunny slope because it

is less intimidating and easier. Casino Over Under® wishes to be the bunny slope of the

table games industry.

APPEALING TO MILLENNIALS CASINO OVER UNDER®IS A GREAT WAY TO ATTRACT MILLENNIALS

Casino Over Under® was first released as an app and has been downloaded tens of

thousands of times in over 50 countries world-wide. Having it offered in MGM Resorts

casinos will give millennials a game they are familiar with. Also, it will undoubtedly

increase the credibility of the brand dramatically which will help both Casino Over Under®

and MGM Resorts.

Presently, the mobile app version of the game has an overall rating of 4.8 out of 5.0.

Although Millennials have gambled it has been mostly on fantasy sports and sports

gambling as opposed to traditional pit games. Casino Over Under® is essentially the

over/under wager from sports as a card game.

It’s been said that Millennials appreciate transparency. Casino Over Under® is a simple

game that clearly shows them where their money is coming and going.

Many casinos have added clubs and restaurants to attract Millennials. Casino Over Under®

is the ultimate game for such an atmosphere given its simplicity.

Casino Over Under® has an account/page on all eleven of the social media sites listed in

this chart including 47,100 followers on Twitter alone.

Implementing Casino Over Under® into your MGM Resorts casinos will quickly cause a

domino-type reaction that should increase footfall in little time. Casino Over Under®’s

already potent social media presence will increase exponentially being associated with such

a brand which should in turn snowball to the benefit of both Casino Over Under® and

MGM Resorts by attracting Millennials.

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January 26, 2016 Mr. Jason Kobal, President Casino Over Under LLC 12169 West Linebaugh Tampa, Florida 33626 Scope of Evaluation: Mathematical Analysis of Over/Under (Gaming

Laboratories International, LLC Proposal #LO-20151112-02 dated November 12, 2015)

REF: LO-00-CVU-16-01

Evaluating Location GLI-1/GLI-2

Nevada Registration Number: 31668-01 Dear Mr. Kobal,

As per Casino Over Under LLC’s request, please find Gaming Laboratories International, LLC’s (GLI) analysis of the table game, Over/Under to be submitted to and reviewed by the Nevada Gaming Control Board for determination as to its suitability.

Game Description

Over/Under is a game played with six standard 52-card decks, accommodating up to six players. At the beginning of each round, each player makes a mandatory Ante wager. Each player may also place an optional Bonus wager up to the amount of the Ante wager. After all wagers have been placed, the dealer will deal one face-up card to all players. Each player may fold, place an Under wager, or place an Over wager. The Under wager and Over wager must be the same size as the Ante wager. If the player folds, the Ante wager is lost and the Bonus wager remains in play. The dealer will then deal two additional cards to each player. The player’s score is calculated by summing up the point values of all three cards. Cards two though ten award their face value in points, face cards award ten points and Aces award eleven points.

Mr. Jason Kobal Over/Under LO-00-CVU-16-01-394 January 26, 2016 GLI-1/GLI-2 Page 2 of 8 If the player has placed the Under wager and the player’s score is less than 17.5, the player is paid 1 to 1 on both the Ante and Under wagers. Otherwise, the Ante and Under wagers are lost. If the player has placed the Over wager and the player’s score is greater than 23.5, the player is paid 1 to 1 on both the Ante and Over wagers. Otherwise, the Ante and Over wagers are lost. After the Over and Under wagers have been resolved, the Bonus wager is resolved based on the player’s score. The Bonus wager paytable is provided here in Table 1.

Table 1. Over/Under Bonus Paytable A

Score Pays 6 or 33 50 to 1 7 or 32 10 to 1 8 or 31 5 to 1 9 or 30 4 to 1 10 or 29 3 to 1 11 or 28 2 to 1 12 or 27 1 to 1 13 to 26 Loss

Mathematical Analysis

The mathematical analysis of Over/Under was performed analytically. A computer program was developed to loop through all initial player hands and record the final score hits based on the score of the first card. For each initial card score, the optimal strategy was determined. Table 2 summarizes the optimal strategy.

Mr. Jason Kobal Over/Under LO-00-CVU-16-01-394 January 26, 2016 GLI-1/GLI-2 Page 3 of 8

Table 2. Over/Under Base Game Optimal Strategy

First Card Score Optimal Strategy 2 Place Under Wager 3 Place Under Wager 4 Place Under Wager 5 Place Under Wager 6 Place Over Wager 7 Place Over Wager 8 Place Over Wager 9 Place Over Wager 10 Place Over Wager 11 Place Over Wager

Using the optimal strategy and the results from the program, the probabilities of winning while following optimal strategy were calculated. The results can be found in Table 3 below. The Return to Player (RTP) and House Edge (HE) for the optimal strategy are in summarized Table 4.

Table 3. Over/Under Base Game Probabilities of Winning

Initial Score Probability 2 0.56561 3 0.48196 4 0.39508 5 0.30049 6 0.28528 7 0.35449 8 0.43093 9 0.51358 10 0.60195 11 0.69655

Table 4. Over/Under Base Game RTP/HE Summary

Figure Percentage RTP 98.95%

HE Per Total Wager 1.05% HE 2.10%

The RTP is calculated as the ratio of the player’s average winnings with respect to the average units wagered per game. HE per total wager is the ratio of the average wagers that the player has lost with respect to the average units wagered per game. HE is the ratio of the average wagers that the player has lost with respect to the initial bet.

Mr. Jason Kobal Over/Under LO-00-CVU-16-01-394 January 26, 2016 GLI-1/GLI-2 Page 4 of 8 Using the results from the program detailed above, the RTP of the Bonus wager was calculated. Table 5 summarizes the results for the Bonus wager. Table 6 shows the Bonus wager RTP and HE.

Table 5. Over/Under Bonus Wager Probabilities

Outcome Probability 6 or 33 0.00081 7 or 32 0.00661 8 or 31 0.02579 9 or 30 0.04533 10 or 29 0.04222 11 or 28 0.05170 12 or 27 0.06233 13 or 26 0.76520

Table 6. Over/Under Bonus Wager RTP/HE Summary

Figure Paytable A RTP 94.39% HE 5.61%

Summary

Individuals who decide to play Over/Under will observe an RTP of 98.95%, corresponding to a HE of 2.10% and an HE per total bet of 1.05%, when using optimal strategy. The optimal strategy is to place the Under wager when the score of the initial card is five or less, and to place the Over wager when the score of the initial card is greater than or equal to six. Since the Bonus wager has a positive house edge, it is never in the player’s interest to place the Bonus wager. The Bonus wager has an RTP of 94.39%, which corresponds to a HE of 5.61%. Concerns Identified:

The following concerns were raised during the evaluation of the aforementioned game. The details are as follows:

• NONE


Conclusion

Gaming Laboratories International, LLC attests that it has reviewed the mathematics of the game as submitted by Casino Over Under LLC and has performed an independent review of the game play to confirm that the submission documents are accurate. Please refer to the attached Terms and Conditions which apply to the information being provided herein. Should you have any questions or need any additional information, please feel free to contact our office.

Sincerely, GAMING LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL, LLC

Christine M. Gallo Vice President of Technical Compliance and Quality Assurance

Enclosure ko


Terms and Conditions

This Report is issued solely for the benefit of the Recipient for the specific

jurisdiction referenced in this Report, and may not be relied upon for any reason by any person or entity other than the Recipient including, but not necessarily limited to, the manufacturer and/or developer of the items (a “Third Party”) which are the subject of this Report, notwithstanding the fact that a copy of the Report may be delivered or otherwise made available to a Third Party. In this regard, the Recipient and any Third Party will be deemed to have acknowledged that nothing in this Report is intended to create, nor shall it be deemed or construed to create, any relationship between (a) Gaming Laboratories International, LLC (GLI) and the Recipient other than that of independent entities contracting with each other solely for the purpose of the preparation and submission of the Report; and (b) GLI and a Third Party. Neither GLI nor the Recipient, nor any of their respective employees or representatives, shall be construed to be an agent, employer or representative of the other.

Any report produced by GLI is proprietary to GLI and the Client, because it contains confidential information of commercial value, the exposure of which to third parties could adversely affect both GLI and the Client. Accordingly, such confidential information is supplied in confidence, on the strict condition that no part of it will be reprinted or reproduced or transmitted to any parties external to the original contract without the prior written approval of the Parties. In particular, it will not be exposed to any person or organization which may be in competition with any of the Parties without the prior written approval of that Party. The testing performed by GLI is proprietary to GLI and/or various regulators. No third party may use, rely or refer to a GLI evaluation report, test report, certification document or test results without written permission of GLI and the respective regulator. Notwithstanding the above, the Parties may disclose confidential information if required to do so by regulatory agencies, pursuant to the laws and regulations of an applicable jurisdiction or by an order of a properly designated Court of Law in a relevant jurisdiction. However, in either case the Parties agree to immediately notify the other party of such a request.

Notwithstanding the above, any regulator may reprint, reproduce and transmit any document or information to any party that the regulator, in their sole discretion, deems appropriate.


The certification established by this Report applies exclusively to tests conducted using current and retrospective methods developed by Gaming Laboratories International, LLC (GLI) on the specific items submitted by the Manufacturer identified by the words “Scope of Evaluation:” on the first page of this Report. It is the responsibility of the manufacturer and/or developer of the items submitted to apply for, obtain and maintain all necessary gaming licensure in each jurisdiction in which they do business, including state and tribal jurisdictions, where applicable. The Electrostatic Discharge Testing performed by GLI is intended only to simulate techniques observed in the field being used to attempt to disrupt the integrity of Electronic Gaming Devices. During the course of testing, GLI checks for marks, symbols or documents indicating that a device has undergone product safety or RoHS compliance testing, if required. GLI also performs a cursory review of information accompanying the items submitted, where possible and when provided, for evidence that the items have undergone compliance testing for Electromagnetic Interference (EMI), Radio Frequency Interference (RFI), Magnetic Interference, Liquid Spills, Power Fluctuations, Electrostatic Immunity, Electro Magnetic Compatibility and Environmental conditions. Compliance with any such regulations related to the aforementioned testing is the sole responsibility of the manufacturer and/or developer of the items submitted; GLI accepts no responsibility, makes no representations and disclaims any liability with respect to all such non-gaming testing. The test methods used, excluded tests, and actual data showing the test results are available to the Recipient upon written request.

All items identified in the “Scope of Evaluation:” section on the first page of the report are considered certified as of the date shown in the “Date of Report:” section on the first page of the original GLI issued Report. All of the items are certified for use until such time notification is sent indicating that an item is no longer permitted to be used within the jurisdiction specified. Additional information regarding the validity of this certification can also be obtained via GLIAccess and/or the Evaluation and Certification Guide, which is available on the gaminglabs.com website. Use of the Certified Mark represents the users agreement to permit, allow and accommodate authorized representatives of GLI to perform a surveillance audit of the use of the Mark and to permit an authorized representative of the American Association of Laboratory Accreditation (A2LA) to perform a surveillance audit, at their discretion and at their expense, to confirm that the use of the Mark in no way implies that A2LA endorses or certifies any of the Marks, services or processes of the company, group or organization requesting the use of the GLI Certified Mark.


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It is declared and affirmed under penalty of perjury that to the best of GLI’s knowledge and belief the GLI certification process was conducted in accordance with Nevada Gaming Control Board’s (NGCB) requirements and that the product being certified in this Report meets the requirements of the Nevada Gaming Control Act and all regulations, technical standards, control standards and procedures, policies, and industry notices implemented or issued by the NGCB.

Mr. Jason Kobal Over/Under LO-00-CVU-16-01-394 January 26, 2016 GLI-1/GLI-2 Appendix I, Page 1 of 2

APPENDIX I

Mr. Jason Kobal Over/Under LO-00-CVU-16-01-394 January 26, 2016 GLI-1/GLI-2 Appendix I, Page 2 of 2 Nevada Test Cases Evaluated and Test Results: Test Cases Relating to Return Percentage:

Test Case Version

Test Results

14.040.1 1.0 Pass À

À Please note that the test case listed above is related to Gaming Devices and

may factor into determination of suitability for Nevada.

June 29, 2015

Mathematical analysis

of

Over/Under

prepared for

Jason Kobal

by

Joseph Shipman, Ph.D.

Shipman Game Consulting

P.O. Box 443, Rocky Hill, NJ 08553

609-216-2182

[email protected]

Introduction

Over/Under is a new casino table game, played using a shoe containing standard decks of cards,

in which players, after seeing the first card of a 3-card hand, bet that it will have a point total

over or under given targets. Players may also make an optional side bet which pays based on the

3-card total, before any cards are dealt. This report analyzes the House Edge and Optimal

Strategy for various versions of the game, including a detailed card counting analysis for one

particular version.

Rules of Play

The game begins with players making an Ante bet and, if they choose, an optional Bonus bet,

which may not exceed the amount of the Ante bet. The dealer gives each player one card, face-

up, from a shoe (an 8-deck shoe is used for the mathematical analysis, but the game can also be

played with other sizes of shoe). After receiving this card, players may choose to fold, losing

their Ante bet, or to make a Raise bet equal in size to the Ante bet. The Raise bet is placed in

either an "Over" or an "Under" betting area. Players are then each dealt two more cards.

The 3-card total point value of a player's hand is the sum of the pips on the numbered cards 2

through 10, plus 11 for each Ace and 10 for each face card (in other words, the same as

Blackjack scoring except Aces are always "high"). The "Over target" and "Under target"

numbers, which may be whole numbers or fractional numbers such as 17 1/2, are displayed on

the table felt or on a placard.

Players choosing "Over" are paid even money on their Ante and Raise bets if their total exceeds

the "Over" target number, lose their Ante and Raise bets if their total is less than the target

number, and push both bets if their total equals the target (which is only possible if the target is a

whole number, fractional targets never push).

Similarly, players choosing "Under" are paid even money on their Ante and Raise bets if their

total is less than the "Under" target number, lose their Ante and Raise bets if their total exceeds

the target number, and push both bets if their total equals the target (which is only possible if the

target is a whole number).

Players who folded their Ante bet but made a Bonus bet are still given their 2nd and 3rd cards so

that the Bonus bet may be settled.

If players made the optional Bonus bet, it is paid according to one of the following two pay

tables:

Bonus Pay Table A

6 or 33 50 to 1

7 or 32 10 to 1

8 or 31 5 to 1

9 or 30 4 to 1

10 or 29 3 to 1

11 or 28 2 to 1

12 or 27 1 to 1

13 through 26 -- Loss

Bonus Pay table B

6 or 33 50 to 1

7 30 to 1

8 20 to 1

9 15 to 1

32 10 to 1

10 5 to 1

11 4 to 1

12 3 to 1

31 2 to 1

13 or 26-30 1 to 1

12 through 25 -- Loss

Analysis

This game was analyzed in an Excel spreadsheet using combinatorial mathematics and

probability. Several different sets of targets were used (all numbers are for an 8-deck shoe), but

the first configuration is the recommended one:

Target Score House Edge

Over Under Optimal Strategy Average bet (% of Ante) (% of Total Bet)

23 1/2 17 1/2 Under 5, Over 6 2 1.96% 0.98%

23 16 Under 4, Over 5 2 3.72% 1.86%

24 1/2 19 Under 6, Over 7 2 5.43% 2.72%

23 15 1/2 Under 3, Fold 4, Over 5 1.92 6.72% 3.50%

25 19 1/2 Under 6, Over 7 2 7.27% 3.64%

23 1/2 17 Under 5, Over 6 2 7.44% 3.72%

24 18 Under 6, Over 7 2 8.01% 4.01%

25 1/2 20 Under 7, Over 8 2 8.65% 4.32%

24 18 1/2 Under 6, Over 7 2 1.36% 0.68%

25 1/2 20 1/2 Under 8, Over 9 2 0.68% 0.34%

The Bonus bet has a House Edge of 5.29% for Pay Table A, and 3.73% for Pay Table B.

Card Counting Analysis

Because the game is played from a shoe, the composition of the cards changes over time. A

player who "counts cards" and adjusts his initial bet size or his strategy accordingly has the

possibility of gaining an advantage. 12,200 random 8-deck shoes were generated, and the 23 1/2

/ 17 1/2 game configuration, which is one of the most favorable ones for the player, was used.

Players were assumed to know the exact composition of the shoe at each stage, and to start play

at the beginning of the shoe (if players are allowed to jump in at any point without the shoe being

shuffled, they may gain an arbitrarily large advantage). Seven strategies were analyzed:

Card Counting Strategy 1 (pay table A or B):

Do not change bet size, but play the bonus bet only if it is profitable to do so

Strategy 2:

Play only the base game, bet 1 unit when the shoe is unprofitable and 2 units when profitable.

Strategy 3 (pay table A or B):

Play the base game, betting 1 unit when the shoe is unprofitable and 2 units when profitable, and

play the bonus game using a separate count whenever it is profitable.


When the bonus game is more profitable than the AVERAGE base game is unprofitable, play

both games betting 2 units, otherwise play only the base game betting 1 unit (this strategy is

easier to play than Strategy 3 because it only requires keeping one kind of count).

Strategy 5:

Play only the base game, bet 1 unit when the shoe is unprofitable and 5 units when profitable.


Play the base game, betting 1 unit when the shoe is unprofitable and 5 units when profitable, and

play the bonus game using a separate count whenever it is profitable.


When the bonus game is more profitable than the AVERAGE base game is unprofitable, play

both games betting 5 units, otherwise play only the base game betting 1 unit (this strategy is

easier to play than Strategy 6 because it only requires keeping one kind of count).

Note that although strategy 3 (6) is more mathematically effective than strategies 2 (5) and 4 (7),

it is much more difficult to carry out, because the player must keep track of two separate

"counts". There is a very small correlation (a correlation coefficient of approximately 0.1)

between the House Edge in the base game and the House Edge in the Bonus game. For the base

game, the player can capture most of the advantage with a simple count that gives 2,3,4,5,6,7 a

weight of +1 and 9,10,J,Q,K,A a weight of -1. For the Bonus game, the best count weights

middle-value cards positively and high and low cards negatively.

Interestingly, although Pay Table A is better for the House normally, it is more vulnerable to

card counting than Pay Table B.

The following results were obtained:

Average card counter advantage from beginning of shoe (as percent of unit bet)

Strategy 1A 1B 2 3A 3B 4A 4B 5 6A 6B 7A 7B Bet

ratio 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 5 5 5 5 5 Pay

Table A B none A B A B none A B A B

Counts 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1

Decks in

0 -

1.96% -

1.96% -

1.96% -

1.96% -

1.96% -

1.96% -

1.96% -

1.96% -1.96% -1.96% -1.96% -

1.96%

1 -

1.93% -

1.94% -

1.87% -

1.81% -

1.84% -

1.93% -

1.95% -

1.59% -1.46% -1.53% -1.86% -

1.94%

2 -

1.90% -

1.92% -

1.81% -

1.54% -

1.62% -

1.75% -

1.89% -

1.11% -0.44% -0.71% -1.21% -

1.69%

3 -

1.66% -

1.75% -

1.58% -

0.90% -

1.18% -

1.17% -

1.66% -

0.30% 1.38% 0.56% 0.42% -

1.20%

4 -

1.37% -

1.55% -

1.32% -

0.14% -

0.64% -

0.44% -

1.32% 0.61% 3.57% 2.05% 2.48% -

0.43%

5 -

0.99% -

1.29% -

0.99% 0.82% 0.03% 0.48% -

0.84% 1.73% 6.25% 3.84% 5.01% 0.68%

6 -

0.59% -

0.99% -

0.70% 1.91% 0.83% 1.54% -

0.21% 2.93% 9.41% 6.05% 8.09% 2.34%

7 0.26% -

0.32% -

0.08% 3.95% 2.42% 3.54% 1.15% 4.98% 15.00% 10.09% 13.52% 5.74%

The following conclusions may be drawn from this data (which uses the very player-favorable 23 1/2 - 17 1/2

configuration):

1) If the player does not change his bet size, the only way to beat the game is to jump in to the middle of a

favorable shoe, and the dealer may continue to deal 3/4 of the way through the shoe (or 7/8 of the way if he is

willing to allow a small advantage comparable to the one obtained from card counting in Blackjack).

2) If the player can bet 1x or 2x but does not play the bonus game or jump in the middle of the shoe, it is also

not possible to beat the game by card counting, even if the dealer goes 7/8 of the way through the shoe.

3) If the player can bet 1x or 2x and plays with Pay Table B, the shoe must be shuffled after 6 decks (5 if the

player is very skilled and can keep 2 incompatible simultaneous counts). With 1x-2x bets and pay table A, the

shoe should be shuffled after 4 decks.

4) If the player can bet 1x or 5x then the shoe must be shuffled halfway through (4 decks out of 8) even if no

bonus bets are made (the resulting advantage is comparable to the advantage from card-counting in Blackjack).

If Pay Table B is used with a 5x bet multiple then the shoe may still be shuffled after 4 decks, unless the player

is a very skilled expert who can keep two incompatible counts at the same time, in which case the shoe must

be shuffled after 3 decks. If Pay table A is used with a 5x bet multiple then the shoe must be shuffled after 3

decks regardless, because the bonus count alone can beat the game if you go to 4 decks (2.48% player

advantage).

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