case wills (substitution etc)

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[G.R. No. 31703. February 13, 1930.] CARMEN G. DE PEREZ, trustee of the estate of Ana Maria Alcantara, plaintiff-appellee, vs . MARIANO GARCHITORENA, and JOSE CASIMIRO, Sheriff of the Court of First Insta nce of Manila, defendants-appellants. L.D. Lockwood and Jose M. Casal, for appellants. Eduardo Gutierrez Repide and Leoncio B. Monzon, for appellee. SYLLABUS 1.WILLS; INSTITUTION OF HEIRS; FIDEICOMMISSARY HEIR. — The institution of heirs made in the will in question is in the nature of a f ideicommissum: there is an heiress primarily called to enjoy the estate; an obligation clearly imposed upon her to preserve and transmit the whole of the estate to certain third persons; and there are secondary heirs. 2.ID.; ID.; ID.; DISTINCTION BETWEEN FIDEICOMMISSUM AND TRUST. — The heir instituted, or fideicommissioner, as article 783 of the Civil Code has it, is entitled to the enjoyment of the estate. The f ideicommissum thus arising from a fide icommissary substitution, which is of Roman origin, is not exactly equivalent to, and should not be confu sed with, the English "trust." D E C I S I O N ROMUALDEZ, J p: The amount of P21,428.58 is on deposit in the plaintiff's name with the association known as La Urbana in Manila, as the final payment of the liquidat ed credit of Ana Maria Alcantara, deceased, whose heiress is said plaint iff, against Andres Garchitorena, also deceased, represented by his son, the defendant Mariano Garchitorena. And as said Mariano Garchitorena held a judgment for P7,872.23 against Joaquin Perez Alcantara, husband of the plaintiff, Carmen G. de Perez, the s heriff pursuant to the writ of execution issued in said judgment, levied an attachment on s aid amount deposited with La Urbana. The plaintiff, alleging that said deposit belongs to the f ideicommissary heirs of the decedent Ana Maria Alcantara, s ecured a preliminary injunction restrai ning the execution of said ju dgment on the sum so attached. The defendants contend that the plaintiff is the decedent's universal heiress, and pray for the dissolution of the injunction. The court below held that said La Urbana deposit belongs to the plaintiff's children as f ideicommissary heirs of Ana Maria Alcantara, and granted a final writ of injunction. The defendants insist in their contentions, and, in their appeal from the decision of the trial court, assign the following errors: "1.The lower court erred in holding that a trust was created by the will of Doña Ana Maria Alcantara. "2.The lower court erred in co ncluding and declaring that the amount of P21,428.58 deposited with La Urbana is the property of the children of the plaintiff as 'herederos fidei-comisarios.' "3.The lower court erred in making the injunction permanent and condemning defendant to pay the costs." The question here raised is confined to the scope and meaning of the institution of heirs made in the will of the late Ana Maria Alcantara already admitted to probate, and whose legal force and effect is not in dispute. The clauses of said will relevant to the points in dispute, between the parties are the ninth, tenth, and eleventh, quoted be low: "Ninth. Being single and without any forced heir, to show my gratitude to my niece -in-law, Carmen Garchitorena, of age, married to my ne phew, Joaquin Perez Alcantara, and living in this same house with me, I institute her as my sole and universal heiress to the remainder of my estate after the payment of my debts and legacies, so that upon my death and after probate of this will, and after the report of the committee on claims and appraisal has been rendered and approved, she will receive from my executrix the pro perties composing my hereditary estate, that she may enjoy them with God's blessing and my own. "Tenth. Should my heiress Carmen Garchitorena die, I order that my whole estate shall pass unimpaired to her surviving children; and should any of these die, his share shall serve to increase the portions of his surviving brothers (and sisters) by accretion, in such wise that my estate shall never pass out of the hands of my heiress or h er children in so far as it is legally possible. "Eleventh. Should my aforesaid heiress, Carmen Garchitorena, die after me while her children are still in their minority, I order that my estate be administered by my executrix, Mrs. Jos efa Laplana, and in her d efault, by Attorney Ramon Salinas and in his def ault, by his son Ramon Salinas; but the direction herein given must not be considered as an indication of lack of confidence in my nephew Joaquin Perez Alcantara, whom I relieve front he d uties of administering my estate, because I recognize that his character is not adapted to management and administration." The appellants contend that in these clauses the testatrix has ordered a simple substitution, while the appellee contends that it is a fideicommissary substitution. This will certainly provides for a substitution of heirs, and of the three cases that might give rise to a simple substitution (art. 774, Civil Code), only the death of the instituted heiress before the testatrix would in the instant case give place to such substitution, inasmuch as nothing is said of the waiver of inheritance, or incapacity to accept it. As a matter of fact, however, clause XI provides for the administration of the estate in case the heiress instituted should die after the testatrix and while the substitute heirs are s till under age. And it is evident that, considering the nature of simple substitution by the heir's death before the testator, and the fact by clause XI in connection with clause X, the substitution is ordered where the heiress instituted dies after the testatrix, this cannot be a case of simple substitution. The existence of a substitution in the will is not and cannot be denied, and since it cannot be a simple substitution in the light of the considerations above stated, let us now see whether the instant case is a fideicommissary substitution. In clause IX, the testatrix institutes the plaintiff herein her sole and universal heiress, and provides that upon her death (the testatrix's) and after probate of the will and approval of the report of the committee on claims and appraisal, said heiress shall receive and enjoy the whole hereditary estate. Although this clause provides n othing explicit about substitution, it does not contain anything in conf lict with the idea of fideicommissary substitution. The fact that the plaintiff was instituted the sole and universal heiress do es not prevent her children from receiving, upon her death and in conformity with the express desire of the testatrix, the latter's hereditary estate, as provided in the following (above quoted) clauses, which cannot be disregarded if we are to give a correct interpretation of the will. The word sole does not necessarily exclude the idea of substitute heirs; and taking these three clauses together, such word means that the plaintiff if the sole heiress instituted in the first instance. The disposition contained in clause IX, that said h eiress shall receive and enjoy the estate, is not incompatible with a fideicommissary substitution (it certainly is incompatible with the idea of simple substitution, where the heiress instituted does not receive the inheritance). In fact the enjoyment of the inheritance is in conformity with the idea of fideicommissary substitution, by virtue of which the heir instituted receives the inheritance and enjoys it, although at the same time he preserves it in order to pass it on to the second heir.

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